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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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T. OKURA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Yasuo KITAGAWA, Toshiro NARUSE, Mannosuke SAITOH, Tokuya KUROSAKI, Hir ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
2-13
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The parent materials of three heavy clays formed on the terraces in Northern Hokkaido were clarified from the particlesize distribution by a laser scattering method, the ESR-signal intensities of quartz, and the clay-mineral contents by a X-ray diffraction method and a thermogravimetry in each soil horizon with the cores of boring survey. The results summarized as follows: The measurement of 3-20μm particle by the laser scattering method and the ESR-signal intensities of oxygen vacancy in quartz suggested that the dominant parent materials of soil horizons above 320 to 375 cm in depth were mainly eolian dust brought from the Precambrian area of Asia Continent by the winds, and those of lower ones were mainly autochthonous terrace deposits consisted of fluvial materials from the Mesozoic to the Tertiary in underlain horizons. Namely, the contents of fine particles were high, and ESR-signals of fine quartz below 20μm presented relatively high values, in eolian-dust dominant horizons. On the other hand, the fine particles were low, and ESR-signals of quartz showed low values, in the autochthonous horizons. The contents of vermiculite and kaolin minerals were high compared with that of mica minerals and smectite in the eolian-dust dominant horizons as reported in the previous paper. The contents of mica and kaolin minerals were relatively high in the underlain autochthonous horizons, and the clay mineral composition was different between them. Especially in eolian-dust dominant horizons, mica minerals and chlorite decreased, and vermiculite and smectite contrarily increased as the soil horizon deepened. This phenomenon should result in the release of K and Al ions from interlayer position of 2:1-type minerals brought by the eolian dust through the soil weathering.
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Kaoruko SUNAGA, Kan-ichi SAKAGAMI, Toshiaki SEKI
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
14-28
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The ridge shapes of arable lands are often observed inside buried soil layers covered by huge amounts of volcanic deposits in Japan. The object of this study is to clarify the chemical and physical characteristics of past-cultivated soils and to find any indicator useful for the identification of the ancient upland soils in ruins. This study was carried out at two ruins, Kugudo and Shimohara in Gunma prefecture, Central Japan, where it has been historically made clear that the former land surfaces had been cultivated and were buried by sediment of volcanic mudflow deposits of the 1783 eruption of Asama volcano. Soil samples were taken from each horizon in the mudflow layer and the buried soils located at the cultivated sites and non-cultivated sites, respectively. For comparing chemical characteristics between cultivated sites and non-cultivated soils in Edo Period with that in the present, some recent surface soils under cultivation and immediately adjacent uncultivated soils were also analyzed. The results are as follow: 1) Both in Kugudo and Shimohara, the surface soils at 1783 was deformed little by deposition of mudflow which has the thickness of 1〜2m. The surface of upland field at 1783 were ridged with 2〜10cm height and 45〜65cm width. The ridges were furrowed along contour line. 2) The chemical properties of mudflow horizon were almost the same irrespective of the cultivated sites or the non cultivated sites. 3) The contents of total-carbon, total-nitrogen and easily decomposable organic matter in soils of the cultivated sites were lower than those in the non-cultivated sites, while the contents of available phosphorus and the values of bulk density were higher in the former sites. These tendencies recognized at the surface soils of Edo Period were also observed at the recent surface soil. 4) The contents of exchangeable potassium in the surface soils of Edo period depend on the position in the ridge shapes. 5) Chemical characteristics of surface soil of Edo period are at the lower level than those of recent surface soil. 6) The ratio of easily decomposable organic matter to available phosphorus (E.D.O./A.P) was lower in the cultivated sites than in the non-cultivated sites. Similar tendency was observed in recent surface soils. Therefore, this ratio is considered to be a useful indicator to identify the ancient upland soils buried in the ruins.
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Masayuki TOYOSHIMA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
29-40
Published: June 30, 2003
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Typical arrangement patterns of "L1" and "upland" were found to be feasible topographic measures for predicting the flow system and fluidity of shallow groundwater in Lowlands including fans. L1 is defined as the latest depositional surface of about 20,000 yr B.P., and is the oldest of geomorphic surface in the lowlands. The other younger surfaces are of erosional origin, and are consist of subsurface layers with a much higher permeability than L1. Accordingly, the arrangement patterns of L1 effectively control the flow systems of lowland shallow groundwater. The arrangement patterns, varying according to subsidence, were classified into three categories : "opened downstream", "closed downstream" and "buried", and corresponded to "divergent", "convergent" and "divergent" flow systems, respectively. The uplands also vary in arrangement from "normal" to "buried" patterns according to the subsidence. For the "intermediate" pattern between them, a row of uplands is arranged at the distal fan, and is accompanied by a shallow basinlike geologic structure from the proximal to the middle fans, where the clayey upland-soil is buried and acts as an aquiclude, obstructing both seepage and the downward discharge of groundwater. Thus, the distal upland row can be a distinct evaluation criterion of its low fluidity.
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Hideo KUBOTERA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
41-45
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Katsuhisa NIWA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
46-54
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Shinya FUNAKAWA
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
55-63
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
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