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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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N. Yoshinaga
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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H. Furukawa
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Shuichiro YOSHINAGA, Atsushi TORII, Kimiyasu KAWAMURO
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
2-15
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In this paper, we discuss the origin of parent material of "volcanic ash soil" in Hakkoda mountains, Northeast Japan. In the Hakkoda mountains, we observe two distinct tephra layers named To-a (Towada-a ash fall deposit: c.a. 1,000yr. B.P.) and Cu (Chuseri pumice fall deposit: c.a. 5,000yr. B.P.) in the volcanic ash soil. Humic layers as defined as A-horizon above To-a and buried A-horizons above Cu are developed, respectively. For identifying the origin of parent material, we analyze the mineral in the volcanic ash soil by X-ray diffract method. The dominant clay minerals in the A-horizon are smectite, 14-10A mixed layer minerals and quartz. And the buried A-horizons have clay fraction dominated by Al-vermicurite and quartz. In silt fraction of these horizons, quartz, feldspar and amorphous minerals are dominant. On the contrary, crystalline clay minerals and quartz are very scarce in both silt and clay fractions of To-a and Cu. As quartz are scarcely contained in primary deposits of the tephra and its weathering products, quartz in the volcanic ash soil would be transported from other areas. Therefore, the material of fine fraction would mainly be derived from non-volcanic material supposed to be eolian deposits. On the other hand, reworked material of coarse fraction in A horizon and buried A horizons would be from tephra. From the result mentioned above, we conclude that the parent material of the volcanic ash soil in the Hakkoda Mountains has been derived from the coarse reworked material originated from tephra with little contamination of non-volcanic eolian fine material.
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Shigemitsu ARAI, Akira WATANABE, Kenji TAKAGI, Kiyoshi TSUTSUKI
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
16-25
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In order to elucidate the genesis of Kurobokudo in Tokai district, Japan, chemical analysis was done on the samples of peatland at Tsukude, Aichi prefecture. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Samples were dominantly peaty to the depth of 325cm. According to Sawai (1986) and Fujii (1986), the peaty layers included the volcanic tephra of Akahoya (6,300YBP), Utsuryo-Oki (9.300YBP), Daisen (17,000YBP) and Aira-Tanzawa (ATn, 22,000-23,000 YBP). (2) The values of fluoride pH were remarkably varied among the layers, and more than 9.5 near the layers including tephra of Akahoya, Daisen and ATn. The fluctuation of the phosphate absorption coefficient was also considerable, and the values were more than 3,000 near the upper part of the layers with the tephra of Daisen or ATn. (3) The relative color intensity (K_<600>/C of the humic acids varied very much, too. The values were especially high between 170-210cm (>2.6) and between 100-170cm (>5.3), but decreased toward the surface gradually. (4) These results suggested that Kurobokudo was not formed in this district during the several thousands years after the fall of ATn, and that, thereafter, it developed and then regressed gradually. (5) The problems concerning the interpretation of chemical properties of the peaty layers were discussed.
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Hisao FURUKAWA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
26-42
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Borehole survey up to the depth of 10 m was done in the Baram-Belait river basin of Brunei. Peat in the Badas area, sometimes exceeding 10 m, rests on sand terrace, which stands for the valley floor in the last interglacial period. The valley floor was transformed into swamp and started to be covered by peat deposit in the Holocene transgressive periods. Peat in the major portion of the Baram-Belait river basin rests on the mangrove mud and tidal flats, which were gulf embayment in the transgressive periods. The outstanding feature of the peat swamps of Brunei is an establishment of the pure stand of Alan (Shorea albida). The reason for this may be ascribed to its unique rooting system and also to the wetter hydrographic condition in the peat swamps of Brunei as compared to those of the rest of insular southeast Asia.
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Tsuyoshi ONO, Kakushi ISHIKAWA, Hideo SHIRAHATA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
43-53
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Large scale reclamations intended for agricultural land use in the south Kitakami massif have exposed low fertility subsoils onto the land surface, causing difficulties in the subsequent use of the land. In order to characterize these subsoils of various geological origins four sites, representing Paleozoic slate, Mesozoic granite, Mesozoic tuff and Tertiary tuff, were chosen. Except for weathered granite, generally these subsoils are clayey, compact, and low in permeability. They are also naturally low in organic matter, acidic with low base status, and low in CEC and buffering capacity. Thus, liming brings about a sharp pH rise. Low activity crystalline clays, sush as kaolinite, chlorite and chloritized 2 : 1 type minerals, are predominant in their clay mineralogy. To find out a means to improve the soil condition, effect of manuring was studied in a pot experiment, using leaf mustard as a test crop. Manuring in combination with liming and fertilization exhibited not only a remarkable positive effect on the crop growth, but also an improvement of the microbiological environment of the soil. In the Tertiary tuff plot the crop failed, when no manure was applied, presumably due to a nitrite accumulation, for no nitrite-oxidizing bacteria was detectable. Manuring is definitely effective in improving both chemical and microbiological properties of the poor geological subsoils.
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Koichi YAMAYA
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
54-68
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A soil survey was carried out in the Capiibary area (ca. 27,000ha) in the central part of East Paraguay as part of a forest regeneration project in 1983. Soils of the area are all derived from Jurassic red sandstones and classified as Acrisols in the FAO/Unesco Soil Map of South America. Local relief condition, however, brings about variability of soil color and associated soil profile characteristics, such as horizon sequence and soil structure, through its control on the soil water regime. As a result a catenary sequence of the following 4 soil units was recognized; Ao1 (granular type), Ao2 (blocky type), Ao3 (crumb type), and Ag, where Ao denotes Orthic Acrisols and Ag Gleyic Acrisols. The weathering crust underlying the solum is constituted from ironstone layer, plinthitic layer and weathered red sandstone layer in the descending order. The higher members of the catenary sequence situated on plateau sites are considered capable of supporting forest regeneration, but the lowest member on valley slopes appears unsuitable because of its poor soil quality, i.e. strong acidity and extremely low base status.
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Toshimasa HONNA, Sadahiro YAMAMOTO, Katsuhiro MATSUI
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
69-78
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In response to the present developmental stage of Andisol classification, it is imperative to work out a simple, but very effective method to differentiate Melanic Andisols from Fulvic Andisols. Although both have a high content of humus, that of the former is characterized by A-type humic acid whereas that of the latter by B or P-type humic acid. To achieve a distinction between A-type humic acid and non-A types, an index called "melanic index" has been proposed and a simple procedure to determine the index has been worked out. Testing of the index with 132 volcanic ash samples from various countries of origin has clearly revealed its usefulness.
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M. Nakai, T. Ohta
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
79-86
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R.W. Arnold, Y. Amano
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
87-96
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K. Yamaya
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
97-98
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
99-100
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
100-101
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
102-103
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
104-108
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
109-110
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1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages
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