One of the effective means for the conservation of the so-called amenable residential area against the alteration of living environment including scenic harmony is the agreement on building and rebuilding standards. Because the living environment refers a certain spatial extension of land consisting of several plots of land, for the effectiveness of such voluntary agreement the extent of agreement signers' lands is very crucial and this depends on historical circumstances of the formation of the concerned residential area. This case study has been conducted in Hikawa building agreement district in Nakano-ward, Tokyo. The main findings of the study are: 1) Landscape elements of housings belonging to agreement signers are characterized by those of detached houses predominantly located on the slanting surface or at the head of slope; 2) The rebuilding and the architectural remodeling have been accompanied by both the plot fragmentation and the consolidation of plots. Collective housings have been constructed in the non-signers land, which are causing a remarkable change to the pre-existing landscape characteristics.

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Japan is largely composed of advanced age now. This study discusses the Ordinances for the Aging Society and Disabilities, which based on the idea of “Normalization”. This town planning (welfare town planning) is for everyone including aged people and people with disabilities. And for this town planning, the synthetic system (from the sides of 1. Town Planning ((Architecture and Urban Planning)), 2. Housing, 3. Transit system, 4. Welfare) is indispensable. From a standpoint of town planning, we investigated the actual conditions of the Municipal Town Planning Laws for the Aging Society and Disabilities. For this purpose, we made inquiries for the 65 municipals in 1999, and also made hearing investigation to Setagaya Ward and Machida City in 2000. This study's points of views are 1. Organization 2. Formalities 3. Contents 4. Relations.

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This study focuses on a housing system in Kawasaki City that represents a new method of role sharing between municipal and private services. The Municipal Guarantor system is intended to secure housing for the aged, handicapped, and foreigners, who tend to experience difficulties in obtaining tenancy contracts in the private rental housing market. The study first clarifies the need for such a system for the socially challenged, and then clarifies the system structure and problems in actual cases from the viewpoint of role sharing between municipal and private services. Finally, it clarifies the advanced nature of the system by examining individual cases and solutions with the city acting as a guarantor, illustrating a new municipal role that solves various problems related to the rental housing market.

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Recently, the depopulation in the downtown area is a big issue in many local cities. And in such areas, as a result, a lot of lands remain extensive & unused. This paper aims to examine the changing processes and factors of the usage of the extensive & unused land in a case study of a downtown area of Maebashi City.The conclusion of this case study may be summarized as follows: 1) The changing of such land use is mainly caused by inhabitants who had borrowed land or house moving away. 2) One of the main factors of such land use remaining may be the poor condition of infrastructure. 3) Another of them may be land owners' will.

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This study aims to analyze the role of planning regulations in U.C.A. inTsukuba city. As planning regulations we focus on building permission, system of existing lot and development permission. The result of analysis shows: 1) through deregulation of location condition the area to be developed is expanded; 2) the combination of two regulations promotes the scattered development in a short time. Based on the analysis we propose the unification of system of building permission and existing land lot, and the limitation of the area to apply the planning regulations in U.C.A.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the heritage and changes of the housing form and the way of dwelling through the dwelling history of urban residents who experienced living in traditional house of the southern region of Korea.
The result of dwelling history observed as following;(1) Now, most of the subjects of investigation has lived in southern of Korea.(2) The principal causes moved from the residence place, in the case of man is transfer to another office or to get the job related his life style, and woman is transfer of her husband or to reach a better education environment of their children related her family.(3) Although the subjects of investigation only had lived in apartment one time, they want to continue to live in apartment because of its convenience.(4) Maintaining the basic form of southern region, traditional house was arranged in difference with some space for life activity.(5) The Anbang is used as the multipurpose space in traditional house, but the Anbang of urban apartment changed as bedroom of couple by the design has DK or LDK.(6) The LDK of urban apartment is the largest space in housing as well as the space of children play, summer enjoy and family party. It is seen that has continued the function of traditional Madang.

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Recently, supplying the residences for group living to the elderly people has been one of the Japanese Government's housing policies. However, there are few residences for group living at present. Therefore, very few researchs have been carried out on what should be done for group living to take root.
Focusing on small homes for the aged in depopulated areas in Hiroshima Prefecture, this study aims to clarify the conditions for making the form of group living fixed in our society.
A total of nine facilities were investigated by analyzing the answers to the questionnaires sent to the residents. Also, four facilities regarded as typical examples were examined by interviewing the administrators, the residents, and the caretakers.
As a result, it has been made clear that suitable location of facilities, adequate support for the residents, and the residents' respect for their life-style are the crucial conditions to meet to make group living established.

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The one of the discussing issue in the housing restoration is how to generate the local community in the newly developed large area of public housing, where the high ratio of the aged was expected. In this study, the personal network of the residents in Minami-Ashia-hama was investigated by the interview, and the effect of the local activities to form the network was analyzed. The personal network varies with the life-style, life history, and the attitude to the local activities. The outer oriented network, for example, was much based on the existing relationship formed in the personal history. The daily living of the aged has been kept stable with LSAs' support. The local community condition is not necessaryily explained by the personal network, but the issue is whether the community is the reliable condition for the aged with others.

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This paper deals with the landscape conservation and its consultation system in the eastern part of Kanagawa prefecture. The outcomes of the analysis are as follows;
(1) For the landscape conservation, local public bodies be able to control the land use, and buy up the landscape, consult with developers, and so forth, according to lows and ordinances, individual regulations and guidelines.
(2) In Yokohama and Kawasaki city, they have several landscape conservation measures according to their individual regulations and guidelines. The other side, in Kamakura and Zushi city, they have a consultation system of land use.

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This paper argued the meaning of Community-based Organizations in the HOPE plan. I want to provide material to think how for you to promote a HOPE plan through the organization activities.

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Lately, the so called SI (building skeleton and infill system as a method of structure) by the real estate company was named, and the case that a condominium was supplied came out.
When investigating about the requirements which should satisfy an SI condominium, the difference was considerably seen in following points. 1) durability: it is the quality standard of concrete. 2) flexibility: it is piping and wiring in a dwelling unit in concrete floor slab. 3) serviceability: it is the skeleton ceiling height and floor slab thickness.
Moreover, although advertised by calling a free design, sanitary services could not be moved otherwise there was little flexibility of interior and equipment. SI condominium needs to aim at spread promotion as a real stock of circulated type social formation from now on. For this reason, there are also that the design standard creation is required and a point which has been an obstacle in respect of the law or the loan. Moreover, the cost of construction alsoincreases about 10%, and since the additional cost of construction of interior equipment is increasing by about 1 millionyen, official support is required.

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This paper aims to find basic facts for the land use & housing policy in the inner-urban area. To understand the population & land use change, rate-share analysis was carried out. And To understand the relation between population and housing type, regression analysis was carried out. We surveyed some districts of inner area of Tokyo & Seoul. As a result of the survey, the following fact are pointed out: a) It was different the problems of inner-urban area in Tokyo from those in Seoul. b) To increase the housing floor area, It is necessary to prepare special housing policy. c) There were differences in housing preference between young and old people. d) It is possible to promote land use efficiency by infrastructure improvement.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate and propose the assessment indices for the residential environment in high density areas. As an index for such areas “Noninflammable Area Ratio” has been authorised and used, however, residents of such areas do not necessarily feel this index important for their lives. Based on this problem, we picked up typical residential blocks in several areas and did a questionnaire survey which asks the evaluation for the environment by the residents.
As a result, the followings are clarified; 1) “Effective Open Space Ratio” which combines coverage area ratio and building density has more advantages than any other indices.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the present condition of psychological stress in residents and an influence to community building process in a recently built large-scale public housing estate, accommodating the victims of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, using the data from 30 individual interviews conducted in 1999. As a result: 1) mainly condition of psychological stress in residents are personal relation, relationship to the organization within the housing estate, and environment around it. 2) Community Building State influences the psychological stress of residents. From these results, we consider the point at issue of the community building process after a disaster, and present an support model to quicken the community building process.

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This paper explains how the people set up a personal network in their community when they had to transfer into a newly developed circumstances. Through a research work we did in 1999, include 30 interviews of residents who live in a newly built Large-scaled Public Housing Estate developed by the Hansin-Awaji Earthquake Reconstruction program.
The main findings I'd like to explain in this paper are 1) Residents, especially aged ones, prefer to communicate not with the neighbors in a new housing estate, but with their friends who were next doors before the disaster. 2) The data show a different tendency when they keep company with their neighbors between residents who concerned with their autonomous association as an officer and the others.
That is why, it might be necessary to use the community system like autonomous association more practically, incase of Community formation in a Large-scaled Public Housing Estate.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes and needs of Municipality, Designers and Residents at the reproduction of public housing. In order to provide Residents with desirable living environments, it is important to define at the stage of designing and planning specific requirements. In view of this, we conducted questionnaire survey of three groups of respondents Municipality, Designers and Residents with the reconstructive project. For the purpose of converging the Responses and render adequacy to study, the Delphi survey was also administered with the first two groups. In addition, the questions were asked regarding the relationship among the three groups and the Residents' opinions about residing permanently in particular housing. It was shown that there were some differences of attitudes among the three groups. However, it was indicated strongly that all three groups want to create a better living environment. For this goal, it is clear that in the future we should make an effort toward the realization of active communities, improvement of houses and their immediate environments, and raising Residents' awareness of the regional communities. Furthermore, it is necessary task that we consider the different life styles of residents and wider variation in family composition.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in family members and their dwellings. The experience of living over the past 20 years from the birth of a child in 128 families in Tokyo Area and Gunma Prefecture was investigated.
The results are as follows: 1) Changes in the family members occurred at the birth of children and at the separation from aged parents in the early life stage, and at the independence and return of grown children and at the death of aged parents in the late life stage. 2) Many families (especially in Gunma) changed dwellings in the early life stage, some families changed dwellings in the early and late life stage, and some families rebuilt their house in the late life stage. 3) The majority of the conjugal families changed their dwellings, but few joint families changed their dwellings. 4) About 20% of the families have experienced the changes in family type. The change in family type has occurred mainly by moving out of younger family from their parent's dwelling. Also, there are cases where the aged parents have moved in the younger family's dwelling, and both younger family and their parents have changed their dwelling.

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