Hashima Island, now ruined, is an artificial reclaimed offshore island where coal mining industry flourished from the last of 19th Century to 20th Century. Having extreme dense population (over 1400 persons/ha during its peak), middle rise buildings are densely distributed on the steep rocky mountain in the middle of the island. Through its history, Hashma experienced several severe typhoons and resulted to show the form of protection and buildings turned away from the wind and ocean. This paper aims to verify the effects of the form of protection against typhoon in Hashima using CFD. Typhoon is represented as extreme wind speed from eight directions and the differences of climates in several places between buildings are described.

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The study focused on three communities that are different in nature: a large-scale classical residential development located in the suburb of a major city (Takashimadaira Housing Complex, Tokyo), a bay area apartment complex that combines a residential environment with urban design, in which homes are located near workplaces (Makuhari Bay Town, Chiba Prefecture), and the city center of a small regional city that is dependent on an urban sphere (Shimada City, Shizuoka Prefecture). A survey and analysis were conducted regarding the amount of time spent in leisure activities by local residents, the number of activity categories, the frequency of activities, the number of people involved in activities, the distance from facilities used and other attributes of activity occurrence. The objective was to gain basic knowledge of region-specific temporal and spatial complementary relationships and activity characteristics with regard to the leisure activities in neighboring spaces for different regions.

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According to the increase of elderly and single people, there is a growing demand for professional person who support their lives. This paper aims to clarify the actual conditions of the on-site manager to review its role and strengthen the on-site management system of condominiums. From the legal point of view, there is no administrative law. All wards in Tokyo have the administrative guidelines. A permanent stationing manager is required if the condominium has more than 50 units. But the aims nor the roles of the manager is unclear. From the management company operating pint of view, the average age of the manager is 62.5 and the amount of annual income is 1,570 thousand yen. Some management companies are trying to extend their businesses in the exclusive possession area to support the resident. The 28.2% of them is holding services for life support. In order to provide new services, the on-site manager has specialized knowledge and both the condominium and the management company has certain scale. It is necessary to consider the human resource development and cooperate with the local community.

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This study aims to point out that condominiums management system in Japan has potentials as a kind of complementary community development tool in favor of the aged people through a case study conducted in Kyoto. In particular, it focuses on the states of organized mutual activities and their effects from the viewpoints of informal welfare arrangements for the elderly. Using the results of questionnaires and interviews addressed to the management board members, conventional local association’s members and residents in an old condominium, where organized collaborative activities are abundant, it finds out the followings: 1)Multilayer structure of resident’s organization may contribute sustainability of collaborative activities assuring wide participation of the residents. 2) Aged residents, especially those who are living alone, tend to appreciate such activities and those who are involved in and satisfies with the present management system have relatively lot acquaintances. 3) Condominium management system which promote organized collaborative activities could stimulate mutual aid among residents.

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Condominium housing faces several problems regarding its stability and sustainability. This research focuses on Japan’ s first rental type Co-operative housing (rental co-op). Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with residents, owners and coordinators in order to evaluate the potential of this type of ownership. Particularly in multiple dwelling housing with a specific theme, rental co-op was found more suitable than condominium ownership because: 1) Owners and residents can choose new residents. 2) Owners can quickly make decisions about building maintenance and 3) Owners can evict delinquent residents. However, modifying the system of rent estimation for retirees who have lived there consistently is necessary.

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Most of the Co-operative housing of Japan is condominium type. Land prices had skyrocketed in the bubble economy period of late 1980s. Therefore, purchasing land had been in the difficult situation. Because of such backgrounds, the rental type Co-operative housing was constructed in 1993 for the first time in Japan. The purpose of this study is to define about the change in a rental system alteration by a resident subject in ARUJU. This research shows that the landlord and residents can alter the rental system based on spirit of symbiosis. Hence, this system keep residents living when old. Therefore, this system suggests one of directionality of the future's Japanese living style other than 「owned」.

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In large-scale residential developments, developers often use building covenants to regulate the use of land to determine the minimum size of a lot, the dimensions of buildings as well as building appearance among other attributes. These regulations are meant to preserve property values. We study three residential developments in Yokohama City examining house sales data and surveying residents. We find that (1) houses in covenant-restricted developments are sold at higher prices than similar properties outside of them, and (2) shared facilities in these developments that are meant to provide additional utility increase interactions among development residents. Since a building covenant needs to be governed and renewed by a residents' voluntary organization, communication among residents in everyday life may increase the likelihood of continuation of the covenant and thereby retain the value of houses.

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This study aims to clarify the role of collaboration and processes of change in the consciousness of city government bureaus of housing, social welfare corporations, community comprehensive care centers, and community associations. These organizations are concerned with community activities in public housing estates. From 2013 to 2014, interviews with each organization were conducted two to three times. Consequently, the following results were revealed: 1.　Community activities were conducted every month for three years from the start. The city government managed these activities 　　and social welfare corporations, community comprehensive care centers, and resident’s associations played a role in managing 　　these activities. 2.　Community activities caused changes in existing activities and developed new activities. 3.　The three-year activity led to independently-minded consciousness of community association.

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Depopulating cities have been yielding vacant properties which negatively influence local community on safety, health, and public welfare. Dayton, Ohio State, enacted local ordinances of property maintenance and vacant properties. The ordinances suggest 1) property maintenance should be enforced to avoid deterioration, vacancy, and public nuisance, 2) how to maintain vacant properties depends upon the degree of problems, 3) judgement criteria regarding danger are numeric, 4) no officer is liable for any damage of property during inspection, 5) omission of advice and recommendation process can shorten the period of vacant property problems, 6) designation of the deadline to abate nuisance makes management of measures’ schedule better, 7) penalties are charged for failure to comply with the ordinances, and 8) owners are ordered to pay cost of abatement of nuisance8 by the city including inspection and administration.

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The housing supply system of China was greatly changed from the housing system for employees to housing commercialization after the 1990s in China. The purpose of this study is to clarify changes and new tasks on the legal system, housing supply system, housing policy including those mutual relations in the flow of this housing commercialization. The method of this study is a hearing survey for 5 main subjects concerning housing supply. The phenomenon of the change concerned with housing supply started from the past regional characteristics and housing system for employees in China. Now the policy of housing commercialization has got success in housing condition improvement of residents and active performance of real estate business. However some tasks such as the plan for low-income people and short of labor are also seen as well.

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