The relationships between site conditions and floor layout of houses are analyzed with graph theoretical indices. Correlation analysis shows that the size of lot affects independence of guest room, and depth to frontage ratio affects layout of entrance and distance of approach. Discriminant analysis shows floor layouts are characterized by the direction of adjacent roads. When houses are facing the north, the length of approach tends to be short and living room and guest room are likely to be put together; while houses are facing the south, the length of approach tends to be long, and living room and guest room are likely to be separated. Cluster analysis shows when sites are small, constraints on site conditions will appear in size of yard, layout of bathroom, and position of entrance.

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This study aims to investigate the construction trend of detached houses and the actual condition of the habitation in three densely built-up areas in Osaka prefecture. Construction of new detached houses is expected to cause the improvement of an aging problem in these areas, because the householders of such new houses are comparatively younger than that of existing old houses. Because of the resident's intention of settlement, it is important to form the relationship between new households and the neighborhood. However, it needs to examine qualities of these houses with narrow site and 3 stories for residents to continue to live in. In terms of comparison of three areas, there are various characteristics in both construction of houses and the actual habitation. It is required the improvement of residential environment is considered with characteristics of each district.

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In the market for new built detached homes, owner occupied order built homes account for a little over 70% of the market, of which prefabricated homes play a large part. The classification of acquisitions of detached housing is broadly divided into first time buyers and second time buyers rebuilding Which are moving to a new plot. By this study of the comparatively large population movement in the three major metropolitan regions of Japan to prefabricated owner occupied detached homes, we clarify the characteristics and objectives of the buyer and characteristics of the houses involved. We also clarify the orientation of second time buyers comparatively with first time buyers. This survey was carried out across all of Japan.

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Recently, the detached houses, especially the three-story detached houses in a small housing lot have been increasing in the metropolitan inner area. This paper examines the characteristics of the three-story detached house in a small housing lot in the densely built-up area, focusing on its resident's evaluation of the house and the neighborhood environment. The case study area is Minato and Minato-Nishi district in Sakai City where is the one of the typical densely built-up areas in the inner area of Osaka Prefecture. We conclude that the people living in the three-story detached house in a small housing lot tend not to be satisfied with their house and the neighborhood environment in comparison with the people living in the two-story detached house in a medium-scale housing lot.

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The aim of this research is to make clear the actual condition on successive change of common spaces and facilities in condominiums including many units. The research was made for 40 housing estates in Kansai and Tokyo Metropolitan area by the way of questionairs to the chief of homeowners association or the managementstaff and hearing on 3 housing estates. So big change is not occurred yet, but we can find many symptoms. We could find variety of repeated trial and error and changes keep up with an aging, repairs costs and managementcosts.

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The regeneration of large scale condominium is worthy of notice from the view of sustainability of dwelling environments and possibility of correspondence to owners' diverse needs. As a first phase of whole study about making basic concept of condominium regeneration, in this paper, we aimed to clarify the actual condition and owners' needs for regeneration through case study of 4 condominium complexes in Otokoyama, Yawata city, Kyoto. For this purpose, firstly, we investigated the actual condition of management, local community and housing market through questionnaire and hearing research to the parties concerned. Subsequently, we grasped owner's needs for regeneration by holding workshop which owners participated in.

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Many public housing apartments for sufferers had been provided in damaged areas of the Hanshin-Awaji Big Earthquake. But there are many problems, and one of the typical problems is about the supports for residents who have physical and psychological damage. The community power is an important essence for this countermeasure. So it is necessary to support the community in a variety of way. We investigated the outside supporters which made by public program and clarified the current community's situation and supporter's condition. It is clear as follows:
·Outside supporters contribute to get up the sense and activity of residents for communication.
·Communication among residents is larger inlarge apartments (more than 200 units) thansmall apartments (less 50 units) in the view of the supporters.
·Outside supporters activity is concerned with the rate of the participation for acommunity activity.

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The purpose of this research is developing the tool for residents performing the self-valuation of a community. Specifically, the environmental evaluation tool CSA (Community sustainability assessment) currently used by eco-villages was applied. Although the question item of CSA covers all the sides of local self-government, deviation is in the number of questions. Moreover, although the points as a result of CSA do not become the numerical value which can be compared with others objective, they are useful to evaluation in an area.

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The number of aged persons household who live in rented housing will double from 2000 to 2015 in Japan. But the rented housing for aged persons household are poorly supplied in housing market. Therefore, Superior Quality Rented Housing for Elderly Person (SQRHEP) was established in 1998. The author conducted questionnaire survey for the dwellers of SQRHEP managed by Urban Development Corporation (UDC) in Tokai region. This study aimed to clarify the dwellers' contact with their son and daughter and association with neighbors and friends by analyzing the collected data. The result indicated that, 1) the contact times with dwellers' son and daughter living in a different household is average level, 2) more than 70% of dwellers are satisfied with present association but their association with neighbors and friends is not active, 3) many dwellers hope to join in ‘activity about hobby, culture and education’ and ‘event of aged persons club’, 4) if a welfare facility is built on the UDC housing estate, there is a possibility that it will be a good community center for aged dwellers live in and outside the estate, 5) to compare with above results, a survey for dwellers of SQRHEP managed by private company will be needed.

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The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake killed more than 6000 people. The number of dead is unusual as advanced country. When we will be faced the turning point for ten years from the earthquake and I examined about the governance for disaster mitigation and process of recovery from disaster between Japan and United States.
First, I compared the governance of Japan and United States. I showed that it is shared the role of government and private sector from usually mitigation activity to recovery process in United States. The FEMA is center role of these policies. It can be useful to quickly rescue of residents at the time of disaster. In Japan, we corresponded to the change of situation on basis of the existing the disaster relief systems at the scene. Furthermore, the difference in the consciousness about the mitigation was also great.
Second, while public sector could not respond to the residents' needs, the role of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Recovery Fund which implemented the measure synthetically was large.
Third it is thought that strengthening of Social Capital, such as relation of a community, contributes in mitigation and recovery from disaster.

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The purpose of this research is clarifying the actual condition of the slope ground apartment which is increasing in recent years. Its attention was paid to the Building Standard Law revision in 1994 and 1997 in investigation. The conclusions are as follows; 1) The slope ground apartment should be increasing rapidly with Building Standard Law revision. And the floor area ratio should also be increasing rapidly simultaneously. 2) Some types are seen according to the plan technique and a form in a slope ground apartment. 3) Although the Yokohama municipal ordinance is effective in a stood-straight type slope ground apartment, the regulation is not enough for a stairs type slope ground apartment.

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the effect about Housing Performance Indication System. The hedonic price analysis aims to measure how influence on newly built condominium price. The interview research of real-estate agents aim to make clear about the effect that Housing Performance Indication System in the used housing market. It was confirmed incomplete system about evaluation. There needs to complete and to estimate for Housing Performance Indication System in the used housing market and reconstruct simplify system.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the formation and development of condominium management systems by referring to two “independent” homeowners' associations in a large apartment complex in Tokyo. The author focuses on their transition from “dependent” to “independent” associations and on the organizational and social factors supporting the independent management styles.

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The aim of this research is to make clear the acceptance condition and evaluation of users for Housing Performance Indication System (Apartment houses) in Housing Quality Assurance Act. The research was made for 210 residents living in the apartment houses adopted the system, and it was found that the system contributes to users' choosing houses much. But there are some problems. For example more popularization of the system and more information easy to understand and useful to judge for users are needed.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects and the realities of application of the housing redevelopment project for last thirty years in Seoul. As results of this analysis, a study shows that housing redevelopment project was activated as the introduction of joint redevelopment project. And joint redevelopment project improved many squatter housing with the capital potential and vitality of private sectors. Moreover, it played an important role in expanding housing supply. Even though oversupply of housing, it is stuck for public rental housing for the low-income bracket. Also it affects shortage of infrastructure and destruction of the community by upper-layers and high dense development. From and now, housing redevelopment project should be far toward to raise the quality of residential environment from squatter housing improvement and housing supply. It also should take a serious view of the district characteristics and strengthen the roles of public.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of deregulation measures from the standpoint of externalities control. In this study, the method of evaluation is to estimate the externalities of the Comprehensive Building Design System (CBDS) in Chiyoda Ward using a hedonic approach. The results of this study are as follows.
The building constructed by the CBDS brings the positive externalities in the neighborhood. The positive externalities of the CBDS increase in proportion to the floor space or the public open space. Even if the deregulation by the CBDS brings the negative externalities in the neighborhood, the negative externalities influence urban environment in limited areas compared with the positive externalities of the public open space. Additionally, the positive externalities in the zone of higher Floor Area Ratio (FAR) are larger than the zone of lower FAR.

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A method of “structured teaching” of TEACCH is available not only for people with autistic disorder but also people with other intellectual disabilities. This paper makes it clear how an improvement of working environment of a workshop for people with intellectual disabilities, which is based on “structured teaching,” influences upon the daily activities of the clients and support activities for them. Especially, this paper focuses on changes of 1) daily activities of the clients, 2) interrelationships between the clients and the supporters, 3) communicative relationship between the clients themselves before and after the introduction of “structured teaching” into support activities in a workshop. Taking a case study of a workshop in Penang, Malaysia that is managed by local NGO, author conducted participant observation at the workshop in 2000 and 2001. The research results lead to the conclusion that 1) an introduction of “environmental support” into support activities has made it possible to organize working processes and working environment effectively, and thereby enabled the clients to conduct each works by themselves, 2)“environmental support” has made the clients' movement more simple, and decreased “unsuccessful behavior,” 3) after an introduction of “structured teaching,” interventional relationship from supporters to the clients has become more self-supporting one, 4) communicative relationship between the clients has become more interactive in the rest time.

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Renovating and reforming houses and apartments are now becoming big social movements. In this paper, some part of this movements which are specialized for Nagaya in Osaka-area and Machiya in Kyoto-area are examined. To make the key issues clear, which make renovation of Nagaya and Machiya, movements in Kyoto and the movements in Karahori-area which is called ‘Karahori-club’ are compared.

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This paper clarifies influence which carved from row-house reproduction project “formed by the new-entry person in the central city area of Osaka-city, and it had on the area after formation through activity analysis of club.” New semantic attachment will be given to the dry moat area which was an inferior high density city area residential street as a result through the activity which new residents formed. By that cause, change was caused in the row-house's existence value itself, new culture was found out, and it led to activation of an area.

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Presently, the public housing regeneration projects have been stagnant. The reasons are: first, there are numerous houses that require rebuilding or renewal; second, economy is in recession, etc.
In consideration of the situation, “the housing master plan for public housing” has been introduced and adopted by various municipalities. This plan is a program in which each municipality conduct public housing synthetically. Therefore “the flow for decided actions of stock use” has been made by municipality.
This study conducts a survey of various municipalities, and investigates the extent to which “the housing master plan for public housing” has been introduced in municipalities. Then, based on the survey, we will examine “the flow for decided actions of stock use” in each municipality.

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This paper examines the effects of the home modification program to the diminution of the care cost and the amelioration of the daily life among frail elderly under the Long-term Care Insurance System. Based on the simulation analysis, previous studies indicate that the home modification would be effective in order to lower the total care cost for frail elderly. However, our survey to the five care managers in 2003 and 2004 found that, among 69 cases having operated home modification program, only five cases lowered the care service cost between before and after the operation. In addition, the detailed analysis of these cases suggests that the diminution of care cost has been promoted not only by the amelioration of self supportiveness but also by other factors such as the unsatisfactory care services, the avoidance of care services provided by someone else other than family members, the economy of one's self-pay cost and so on. In conclusion, it discusses some possible reasons why the home modification program cannot lower the total care service cost as anticipated.

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Network residence in the phenomenon of dispersion of modern family is residential style based on Confucian ideology in East Asia. This is the characteristic of residential relationship between “central house” and “peripheral house”. The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of network residence in urban area of Korea. The results of the analysis are as follows.
1. The dispersion of family in urban area of Korea spread widely.
2. The residential relationship between parent, child and relatives is mental and physical relationship based on strong family
3.“Non-blood network residence” is consisted of friend and neighborhood is considered extended family.
They give mutual help to each other according to living needs.

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The number of a newly built detached house for sale, especially those built over small site, namely “mini-kodate”, tends to increase recently in urban area. Based on the field survey conducted at two such housing estates in Sakai City in 2003, this paper examines the characteristics of residents who bought a “mini-kodate” recently and the reasons why they chose them. Compared with the residents who bought such a house in 1970's, the recent buyers are diverse in terms of the age, occupation, family type, housing career, reason of purchase and so on. We find that recent “mini-kodate” is bought by 1) not only young family household but also both young and senior couples without children, 2) not only those who count the convenience for commuting but also those who are attracted by the urbanity of the surroundings, 3) those who set value on neighborhood, and 4) those who afford to pay relatively high cost for the specific housing quality.

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Right area is defined as the area appropriate for a specific household type in selecting its residential environment. Based on the analysis of the relationship between household types and their selected residential area where they actually bought houses, right area maps are constructed. The regression analysis suggests that each household composition type has a trait of residential selection and household with householder 55-64 years old have more conditions for residential selection than other types. The right area for a specific household type tends to cluster spatially, which suggests that the residential environment is similar in nearby areas. The distribution of right area of three-person households and that of single households are difference. The area with the high rate of commercial area coincides with the non-right area of every household. Right area for three-person households seems to be more reliable than single or two-person households, partly because the number of houses sold in the actual housing market has the major share.

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The residential real estate market presents briskness by no Oahu, Hawaii experience at present before. The sudden rise of house prices makes the purchase of the house of the people in local remarkably difficult. However, the immigrant from foreign countries and the demand as the vacation home which differs clearly from the bubble property market Japan before are strong. The island, the condition of sudden rise of a narrow-minded, limiting area of land, the rise in population, and the cost of construction and the sightseeing visitors' gradual increases etc. should examine the road of “Possession” it, and “Use” of the house property in the future.

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