Recently it is necessary to evaluate residential environments from an aspect of crime safety. Parks and greenways in new towns have been regarded as hot spots of fear of crime because of their physical characteristics. However, as yet, features of fear of crime, such as where, how much and to whom it occurs have not been identified completely. To make safer residential environments, it is necessary to understand fear of crime in detail. This study aims to identify how much and what characteristics of people feel fear of crime in parks and greenways and what environmental characteristics of parks and greenways cause fear of crime. Through the questionnaire survey conducted to 302 residents in new towns, the followings were identified. a) Degree of fear of crime depends on types of crime. In four types of crime used in this study, ‘child abduction’ and ‘female molestation’ ranked higher in terms of fear of crime. b) There were individual factors that affect fear of crime (e. g. sex, presence of children in household etc.). c) Fear of crime in parks and greenways are influenced not only by one factor but numerous factors (e. g. territoriality, surveillance, existing hiding spaces etc.). This study can contribute to making a safer residential environment.

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People's preference for a residential area is an important consideration when planning new housing. This study identifies the relationship between preference for a residential area and the living conditions of a respondent's childhood. We select five photographs of typical Japanese residential areas, from a “Rural village” to a “Densely built-up area” and the intervening suburban types. First a survey was conducted and respondents were asked about which type of area they had lived in during their childhood and their preference for each of the areas. Those who showed a preference related to where they had lived, were divided into one group. These were respondents that had lived in “Public housing complexes”, “Rural villages” and “Densely built-up areas”. Those that did not express a preference related to where they had lived, were separated into another group. These were respondents that had lived in “Single house dwelling” and “Mixed agricultural-residential area”. Interviews with 17 of the respondents showed that those with a connection between their adult preference and where they had lived as children, held more detailed information about their childhood residential area than the other group. In conclusion, we show and discuss the relationship between the three stages in the development of a residential area's impression, i. e. from a physical plan, through accumulated childhood information to an adult's impression of an area.

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This paper aims to reveal a usefulness of the GIS database with integrated data managed by a local administrator by grasping information of unused houses and empty lots in the H, massive residence area in M city. The H has 564 empty lots and 131 unused houses. An average total floor space of unoccupied houses is 113m2. It is under that of occupied houses (129m2). An average area of empty lots is 428m2. It is over an average area of lots on which occupied houses are built (353m2).
By the database and the research on 2001.1-2 about desire for remove, it is recognized that 22% of residents of own houses and 83% of residents of rented houses wants to remove on several levels in the H and, from a result of easy calculations, 67 lots have high possibility to be removed in the H and H5 area has relatively high rate of lots will be removed.
From a result of analysis about changes of lots and houses in H7 area, it is recognized that half of unoccupied houses aren't used over 2 years, most empty lots aren't used effectively long times and some empty lots are neighboring lots.

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This study aims to make clear that the housing unit with good environment, common spaces and clear territory will cultivate good neighborhood community even in the detached houses area. Woody-hill Yagami was developed under such a concept in Nagasaki City at 1993. This hypothesis was verified through the questionnaire to residents and hearing for owners-association of Woody-hill Yagami.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the actual condition of environmental transition of the elderly in terms of their outdoor behaviors and relationships among neighbors, in the southern area of Ikuno ward, Osaka city, in which parts ofcongested area composed of wooden houses were renewed. The results are as follows; 1) after the move to new public apartment houses, opportunities for meeting the neighbors at outdoor spaces close to dwelling units, decreased drastically, due to decrease of outdoor behaviors, such as chatting, caring for plants, cleaning and so on. 2) the places used by the residents in the neighborhood before the move, are the important elements which make the elderly to keep their life styles and customs. 3) location of households with previous neighborhoods and social activities of residents' sociation in new apartment houses influence the construction of relationships among the neighbors.

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The Housing and living information is important to support for resident's proper housing choice.
This paper cleared the actual condition of the housing improvement of the aged and the housing information acquisition by using the data on the questionnaire investigation in Kofu City. This paper also examined the subject of the future housing information maintenance. It was found through the investigation that the households with aged persons, who had the experience of the housing improvement, mostly used the mouth-to-mouth information. So, the proper information services especially to the single aged are necessary in local area.

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This paper aims to clarify the problems on the planning and supporting the public supply of collective housing for the elderly by analyzing continuously the change in the residents' living style there. Continuous research has been conductedon three early cases of public collective housing for the elderly. Regarding the three cases, we have interviewed a representative and an assistant in the housing, investigated how the areas and space for the residents' mutual communication are used, and carried out a survey using a questionnaire to the residents three times, i. e., six months, one and a half years, and four and a half years after the residents started living at the housing.
The results of the analysis show that the following two kinds of support need to be considered and prepared at the stage of planning public collective housing for the elderly. One is full and intensive support that should be provided for the residents immediately after they start living in the public collective housing for the elderly. The other is further support that must be given continuously to the residents according to the stage of their living after they get settled in the housing for the elderly.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify of king environment for the elderly in hilly area This is based on the results of the actual condtions of residential environment and the factincing on the elderly. The results of the analysis are as followa
1. Almost all the family of the elderly has cispersed extensively. Sixty percent of they are long cistance dspersion.
2. The main type of network residence is “mubud supporting relationship to relative end neighbor”.
3. The elderly who ive under dfficult residential environment need various public services to support continued residence in valley area.
4. It is of geat importance that the elderly awake to improvement of residential environment before everything else.

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The aim of this study was to consider the trend of Support Dwelling for the aged parents in rural district from Independence and Support. Support Dwelling means the residential relationship which the child family selects to support for their aged parents. The findings of this study were as follows. The living together residential relationship is decreasing recently. This relationship means that the aged parents reside with their child family under the same roof. Instead of this relationship, The semi-close residential relationship is increasing. The semi-close residential relationship means that child family takes up their residence at halfway between the work place and the parents house to keeps a balance between the support for the aged parents and the convenience of commuter trip. There are much contact and support for the aged parents by child family in the semi-close residential relationship. The aged parents can live independently because these support by child family. The same trend is found in Western Japan and Eastern Japan.

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This paper aims to clarify problems about separating the ownership of skeleton and infill in skeleton-infill housing (SI housing) and to propose solutions of them.
It is one of the barriers of skeleton rental housing that the ownership of infill is interpreted as being absorbed into the ownership of skeleton in present Japanese civil law and cannot be mortgaged for housing loan. To solve this problem, we studied the system for skeleton rental housing which uses leasehold.
The result of studies is that it is possible to mortgage the leasehold for housing loan and to trade in the leasehold freely in housing market.

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The Terminal Tenancy System (ITS) was introduced on March 1, 2000. This paper examines the impact of the TTS on the private rental housing market using the propensity score matching method, a difference-in-differences estimator and pooled cross-section data on housing rent before and after the introduction of the TTS. We obtained the following results: First, the unit housing rent is lower in the case of terminal tenancy contracts than in the case of general tenancy contracts. Second, the TTS reduced the housing rent on housing which has a higher propensity to be rented by a terminal tenancy contract.

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The housing policy in Japan is changing from the construction of new houses into the utilization of housing stock. In order to revitalize the housing market, it is necessary to investigate the recent people's acquisition action of housing. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of not only the dealings of existing condominiums but also the people's demands for them in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The results are as follows; 1) the market size of the existing condominium in the 1990s didn't expand because of the extensive supply of cheap new-condominiums after the bubble economy. 2) Dealings of the existing condominiums that aged around 10 years old are difficult by expansion of the difference of an acquisition price and a disposal price, because these condominiums were supplied in the period of bubble economy at a high price. 3) The households who purchased the existing condominium thought the maintenance activity of residents as important, and are satisfied also with maintenance activity of the residence now. 4) Half of the existing residential-house-acquisition households moved in the same city where they lived before.

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It is important for housing stock to preserve houses in good condition. However, in the housing market of Japan assessment are out of regard for remodeling. Also consumers couldn't get enough information about housing condition. It is too difficult to analyze quantitatively, because hardly anyone grasp date what are defined by regulation in Japan. This paper analyzes the housing market of existing condominium on the Hikarigaoka new town in Tokyo. The date aregathered from a neighborhood paper is made by a real estate broker. The neighborhood paperdisclose sketch, remodeling information and so on besides an outline of existing condominium, it isn't common.
An analysis for making clear formation of the housing price under the influence remodeling information has been done by using hedonic analysis. In conclusion, the remodeling information affects not a little housing price. It is out of proportion with the cost of remodel. The Japanese housing market needs to open information and to assess the quality of house. It is impossible to make stock without disclosure and improve assessment.

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The political problems now simmered in Japan could be overcome when the public would be keen to participate in politics through the collective housing.“Privatopia; the Rise of Residential Private Government”, written by Evan Mckenzie, a spirited US political scientist, summarizes how the residential private government uses its power in various respects and what political problems are raised. I wish to try to grasp the meanings of the liberal democracy and “restriction” which are emphasized in “Privatopia”. Since the liberal democracy itself, basing on “Participation”, is considered to be critical, many people including the political scientist widely argue the governance. Although the essence will assumably exist in the privatization of government, the collective housing has been out of focus. I wish to describe the cooperatives and other collective housings with “participation” and “restriction” and explain the residential private government in the cities where “participation” is near to ruin, is the key to study and the spring-board for future urban politics.

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NEXT21 was built as an experimental multi-unit housing complex for the 21st century. NEXT21 was completed in 1993 and phase 1 habitation experiments were conducted from April 1994 to March 1999 on the people who were actually living there. Phase 2 habitation experiments have been carried for 5years from April 2000. In the Phase 2 experiments, greenery has been managed with residents participation.This report describes the whole process of the greenery management from September1999 to March 2002, and clarify the problems to be solved.

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From 1989 to 1993, 190,000 units of permanent rental housing have been provided for urban low-income classes in Korea. However, the level of dwelling and community development with neighborhood were not considered in providing of permanent rental housing, government has focused on expanding the total housing stock. This study aims to clarify the characteristics and problems on the relationship between permanent rental housing with neighborhood in seoul. For this purpose, at first, we investigated 15 housing complexes to grasp the problems on the plot planning. Subsequently, we analyzed the problems on the space, management and community activities through the case study of one complex.

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The aim of this research is to make clear the actual condition on successive change of common spaces and facilities in condominiums including many units. The research was made for 10 housing estates in Tokai area by the way of hearing to the chief of homeowners association or the management staff. So big change is no occurred yet, but we can find many symptoms. For example, re-design for barrier-free, new parking problem for homehelpers, the abolition of the expensive facilities, and new volitional volunteer groups in a housing estate.

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The aim of this study is to clarify changes of spatial structure of open space, disposition of apartment houses and accessibility to open spaces in 7 areas in which apartment complexes were redeveloped or in which rebuilt apartment houses were concentrated in Senri New Town. Characteristics of changes are also investigated by comparing various types of development.
Results of this study are as follows: 1) area of open spaces such as green, plaza, and play lots has a tendency to be reduced after rebuilding apartments, 2) open spaces have become to be inaccessible for neighbors due to closeness of apartments' sites by fences, walls, locked entrances, and so on, 3) physical connection among open spaces has been lost owing to closeness of reconstructed sites, 4) in sites of public housings, area of open spaces except parking lots, accessibility to open spaces, and spatial structure making open spaces watched by residents are kept after rebuilding apartment houses.

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The aim of this study is to analyze changes about residence of foreigners in rented houses in Okubo district in shinjuku ward from 1990 to 2000. The study revealed great changes in the district; shift of dwellings of foreigners from old wooden apartments to RC apartments, varied characteristics of dwellers from young singles to young workers, couples and families, changes in real estate agents and apartment owners from rejection to acceptance.

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This study aims to analyze the neighboring problems of existing residential area caused by snow fall during winter season in Sapporo, and to get implication for improvement of the neighboring housing environment. The major problem affecting the neighboring environment is the snow fall from the neighboring roof. The physical factors contributing to this problem are roof shape, roof slope direction and distance from the neighboring slope roof. The size of housing site doesn't always work to reduce the problem. To solve the neighboring snow problem, it is important to combine the physical environmental factors such as roof shape, roof slope direction and set back distance. It is desirable that this set of factors need to be introduced in the district planning for housing in the north cold region.

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This research identifies the present situation of Local Municipality Management of‘Application for selling farmland’ and‘Additional Designations’ within the 1991 amendment of Japan's‘Productive Open Spaces Act’ in the national capital region. The main findings are as follows. 1) 805.9ha of farmland in the Urban Promotion Areas were made into Productive Open Spaces after enforcing Productive Open Spaces Act and 545.2ha of Productive Open Spaces were removed. 2) A number of local municipalities have developed standards for designating new Productive Open Spaces, whereas few local municipalities have any standards for deciding on removing areas from Productive Open Spaces designation. 3) Some of the ideas contained in the standards of designating new Productive Open Spaces may be used for developing techniques to utilize the environmental functions of farmland (e.g. Recreational Areas, Refuge Areas and Flood prevention and control). Based on these findings, we propose a list of considerations for utilizing the Productive Open Spaces as part of developing a system for their management.

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This study aims to examine the role of a public entity for collective housing developments. The possibilities and assignments of five models of public collective housing were analyzed. The study shows possibilities of new models as a Silver-Housing with mutual support among residents and as a base to enhance regional community activities. These require education programs and continuing support to foster people who understand collective living. Also, the collaboration between a local government and non-profit professionals has a possibility to resolve various assignments of collective housing. To promote non-profit developments of collective housing, a local government will be expected to prepare outreaching programs and a subsidy for the construction.

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The housing recovery program is main issue for urban reconstruction after disasters. In the case of the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake disaster, new housing plans supplied by public sectors have been an important part of the program. But there are m bany problems of housing reconstruction programs on some papers after 1995. In this paper, it is clear of role of public housing provision on the reconstruction after disaster by analyzing of comparative study about similar disaster cases.

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The Study is carried out with aiming at clarifying issues to introduce HOA (Homeowner Association) for living management association in Japan. The study clarified roles of homeowners association at the detached housing area in Japan that is organized by residents. And then, we investigated issues of introducing HOA at the detached housing area in Japan. As the results, it is found that neighborhood association (Jichikai) system, partnership with developer and local government, and role and member of the association should be paid more attention for introducing HOA in Japan.

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The aim of this study is to find out how people consider and acquire information of residential environment, during their home acquisition process. This has been done through questionnaires to the Government Housing Loan Corporation contractors who recently defined their home area and obtained their houses, in Tokyo, Sendai and Hiroshima metropolitan area. The fmdings from the analysis of the answers, was that 1) most of the households families search homes in relation with commuting time, route, market price distribution, etc., and as a result, settle down at familiar and close area, 2) most of the information of residential environment they get are from site observation, and 3) there exists necessity for residential information environment but there are problems in their actual distribution.

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In recent years, supply of the mini single-family house built to the narrow site of under 100m² has been increasing near the center of Tokyo. It also has aggravation of housing environment, and a problem on disaster prevention, and it is regarded as questionable in many cases. However, it is also a fact to have accepted many family households which demand a single house. Therefore, it must not have a discussion which eliminates a mini single-family house, but it must be made better as one form of city habitation.
In this research, by investigating a supply situation and a supply plan for Setagaya-ku with most single-family houses in the Tokyo ward, the problem of the mini single-family house in Setagaya-ku is clarified, and future deployment is explored. It was divided into three types by the supply situation of mini single-family houses, and investigated according to it by taking up the area where supply will also continue from now on.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the transition of City Architecture Type with structure of Household-Occupation Type in local city, and to consider about a possibility of inner city revitalization. We investigated at Takeda-Nezaki district in Nihonmatsu city, Fukushima prefecture, and analyzed about City Architecture Types and Household-Occupation Types.
The conclusions are:
1. There was a closely relation between City Architecture Type and Household-Occupation Type in 1955.
2. City Architecture Types and Household-Occupation Types were having diversified, and their closely relation was lost in 2001.
3. The community conference is important for reconstruction of stable City Architecture Types. The decrease in population and occupied building rases a possibility of inner city revitalization.

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The purpose of this study is to examine if the urban residence policy reduce the load on infrastructure. We selected Chiyoda District Planning as a sample of the plan which causes migration and calculated the number of Sobu Line's passengers at peak hour. As a result, the plan would reduce the passengers on Sobu Line, therefore, the reduction of the load on transportation infrastructure was proved.

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This study reports the decrease of housing demand in Osaka-prefecture by the conjecture of households, second dwellings, and house destruction until 2020. If housing supply continues the recent level, the vacant rate will becomes until 26.6%.

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The purpose of this study explains the present condition of autonomy that is innovation or analysis at PFI (Private Finance Initiative) as reproduction project of public housing at the part of the remodeling.There is Japan in the economy inactive term now, and public housing is in the conditions that an efficient regenerated business can't be done. During such an age background, PFI project that increased a result in the 1990's in England has been introduced in earnest even in Japan. And is being innovated reproduction project of public housing in Japan as well. Therefore PFI project is recognized as one of the regenerated techniques of the public housing, and this research is examined about the possibilities, effectives, and problems of the reproduction of the public housing by the PFI project based on the investigation of the national autonomy.

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The construction of garden cities in Belgium was started after the First World War as a social housing policy of the Belgian government. Among the garden cities, le Loigs in Brussels has been steadily constructed by a semi-public body that is called “cooperatives de locataires (tenants' cooperative),” and its excellent living environment has been preserved for about 80 years. As a result, it became a housing estate that is highly valued by citizens in Brussels today. Its history, current situation and the ways of living environment preservation provide us with useful information about how to preserve a good living environment of housing estates in Japan.

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[in Japanese]

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