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Volume 40 (2003)
- Issue 4 Pages 183-
- Issue 2 Pages 83-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Original Article
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Shoji Yamamoto, Akira Shimizu, Kazuhiro Uchimura, Masako Ohmori, Mitsu ...Article type: scientific monograph
2003 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 83-92
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2003
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Japan, few new cases of tuberculosis are registered during the winter, and the incidence tends to increase during summer, but few detailed statistical analyses of seasonality have been reported. In the present study, we evaluated data regarding newly registered cases of bacillus-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in patients older than 70 years and living in the Kanto district; these cases were identified through clinical examinations during 1992–1998. We obtained our information from the tuberculosis surveillance data of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan. We evaluated seasonality and the relationship between disease onset and various meteorological factors for 2 groups within our study population, which were categorized according to the interval between the estimated onset of disease and its registration, i.e., <2 or <3 months (4117 and 5281 cases, respectively). Cyclical components with a 12-month period were most prevalent in the power spectrum analysis of the time series fluctuation in morbidity. Monthly morbidity tended to be high from June to October and was reduced during December and January, and the morbidities during summer and autumn were significantly higher than during winter. A positive correlation was observed between the morbidity, air temperature, and relative humidity when the estimated onset was 1 month before registration. In addition, morbidity and relative humidity seemed to be correlated when the onset was estimated to have occurred 2 months before registration, but the correlation coefficients were under 0.5, and the relationship between morbidity and air temperature or relative humidity was not always clear. For our elderly patients whose disease was registered <2 or <3 months after onset, morbidity began to increase in April or May, because the onset of tuberculosis is before about 1 or 1.4 months in the registered as midpoint value was estimated, respectively.
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—Results of a four-year survey with questionnaire from 1994 to 1998—Naoshi Kakitsuba, Ryukichi Ishibashi, Sotoshi IshibashiArticle type: scientific monograph
2003 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 93-99
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2003
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the impact of a developing housing estate, Nissin Kaguyama Estate on the quality of sunlight, air ventilation, and noise, 100 families living in the estate were surveyed annually from 1994 to 1998. The mean relative magnitudes of votes on the quality of sunlight, air ventilation and noise levels were calculated and analyzed with a dwelling density. Dwelling density was in the range of 9–26%. The mean relative magnitudes of votes changed dynamically, and indicated the highest value at a dwelling density of 23%, with the exception of those derived from an undeveloped district. The result implies that a dwelling density of 23%, or less, may be recommended for future development of housing estates. High-rise apartment houses built in 1996 caused most existing families on the estate greater anxiety due to the increasing population and more difficulty in sharing community spirit.
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—Change in microclimate of the housing estate from 1994 to 1998—Naoshi Kakitsuba, Ryukichi Ishibashi, Sotoshi IshibashiArticle type: scientific monograph
2003 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 101-109
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2003
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate the influence of housing development on the microclimate of housing estate, wind velocity, wind direction, air temperature and relative humidity were monitored weekly at ten different locations within Kaguyama Danchi Estate in Nissin city from 1994 to 1998. It was observed that the dwelling density increased continuously. High-rise apartment houses built in 1996 changed wind direction, as compared with those investigated before 1996. In addition, it was found that such mass constructions had a great influence on microclimate near the high-rise apartment houses. Statistical analysis showed that outdoor temperature was inversely correlated with altitude (ca.−3.6°C) and changed in the distance of 800m from the high-rise apartment houses.
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Review
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Yuji UnoArticle type: scientific monograph
2003 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 111-122
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: December 17, 2003
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContemporary houses supply us with more convenience than old houses. On the other hand, we have many adverse problems of energy, allergies, industrial waste, etc. This review describes what wisdom and ideas of living have been accumulated in traditional rural houses in Japan, and how to apply them to contemporary houses. Farmers were sitting down on the ground covered with straw in Edo period, and closed houses made interior space darkness in winter because of shortage of openings. After the Meiji period, the window was improved in order to adapt to the regional climate. Measurement and questionnaire showed that the indoor environment of the traditional houses kept comfortably cool in summer, but the residents suffered from the severe inner climate and felt intolerably cold in winter. An area map was proposed to represent the geographical differences of the dimensions and the configurations of the traditional house’s openings. This map indicates the climatic characteristics and is expected to be useful for planning and designing houses.
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