Sleeping duration monitored by the loss of righting reflex after intravenous administration of pentobarbital in doses of 5, 10, and 14 mg/kg body weight was shorter in cold-acclimated rats than in warm-acclimated controls. Spontaneous motor activity measured by the Animex (FARAD Co.) during a day was similar to each other in warm- and cold-acclimated rats. Intraperitoneal injection of diazepam (5 mg/kg body weight) and pentobarbital (25 mg/kg body weight) depressed the activity in both groups. The depression lasted longer in warmthan in cold-acclimated rats. Caffeine (10 mg/kg body weight, i. p.) enhanced spontaneous activity in both groups, the enhancement lasting longer in cold-acclimated rats
A drug-metabolizing activity in liver as assessed by cytochrome P₄₅₀-linked p-nitroanisole O-demethylation was not different among the groups. The intracerebroventricular injection of pentobarbital (3.5 mg/kg body weight) reduced the activity in both groups. In coldacclimated rats, the activity was reduced by 72.4% as compared with 87.6% in warmacclimated rats (p<0.05) . From the above results, it is inferred that the activity level of the central nervous system is higher in cold- than in warm-acclimated rats.

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Anthropometric measurements and observations of physiological responses to heat were made on ten male distance runners and ten male throwers in summer. Experiments were carried out at around 15.00 h. The subjects were instructed to fast and rest for at least two hrs before the experiment in order to minimize effects of specific dynamic action and exercise. After staying for 60 min in a climatic chamber of 30 °C, 70% R. H. and a wind velocity of 17 cm/s, each subject, clad only in shorts, immersed his legs up to the knees in a stirred water bath of 42°C for 60 min. The distance runners showed significantly lower height, lighter body weight, smaller circumferences of chest and extremities, lesser skinfold thickness and greater ratio of body surface area to body weight than the throwers. The distance runners showed significantly higher mean skin temperature, lower rectal temperature and considerably lower heart rate before immersion of legs in the hot water than the throwers. Metabolic rates per body surface area for the distance runners were lower than those for the thrower throughout the experiment. The distance runners showed significantly greater ratio of body weight loss to initial body weight, greater local sweat rate and lower heart rate. Rectal temperatures for the distance runners were higher than those for the throwers after 45 min of immersion of legs in the hot water and the rise in rectal temperature for the distance runners during heat exposure was greater than that for the throwers. The distance runners showed less increase in heart rate and greater sweat rate per body surface area at a given rectal temperature. The distance runners showed higher conductiveconvective heat transfer coefficient from core to shell than throwers. Higher rise in rectal temperature for the distance runners might be due to lighter body weight when compared with that of the throwers. Higher mean skin temperature, higher conductive-convective heat transfer of body at 30°C before heat exposure and lower heart rate during heat exposure for the distance runners might be due to superior cardiovascular function of the distance runners induced by their daily strenuous physical training. Higher sweat rate per body surface area at a given rectal temperature for the distance runners may be explained as a result of deeper adaptation to hot environment for the distance runners induced by strenuous physical training. Most of the differences in physiological responses of men during immersion of legs in hot water bath between the distance runners and the throwers might be caused by difference of body weight between the two groups.

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Postnatal development of circadian rhythm in the energy metabolism was studied in the male rats. The oxygen consumption of animals of different ages was continuously measured at neutral temperature under the lightning from 8: 00 to 19: 00 using an automatic manometric respirometer. The critical environmental temperature fell with increase in age. The ultradian components with about 2 hr cycle appeared in the 15-day-old rat after birth, increasing in proportion to the age of animals. Circadian variations of oxygen consumption became evident at the 21st day of postnatal life with a higher value in the dark period than in the light period. The difference in the oxygen consumption between the day and night became greater as the animals matured. Elevation of oxygen consumption 2-4 hr preceding the onset of dark period occurred in the animals of 10 to 65 days of age. It was also noted that the higher level of oxygen consumption in the dark period declined to the level of light period 2-4 hr prior to the light period. Food intake did not affect the present rhythm. These findings indicate that circadian rhythm of energy metabolism appeared at the 21st days of age in the male rats and suggest that factor (s) other than light-dark cycle itself is involved in the appearance of circadian rhythmicity observed in the present study.

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Reactions catalyzed by DNase I (bovine pancreas), lipase (Rhizopus delemer) and β-amylase (barley), respectively, were affected by the action of electric fields at the frequency of 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz and 100 kHz.
Activities of DNase I and lipase in their reaction mixtures decreased remarkably at the low frequency region. The phenomenon seems to be due to inactivation of those enzymes.
The activity of β-amylase reaction mixture, however, increased in the low frequency region in spite of inactivation of enzyme. In the reaction catalyzed by β-amylase, it can be presumed that the electric field enhanced the interaction between the enzyme and its substrate.
The change in the enzymatic activities by the action of electric field in the low frequency region was dependent on the frequency. The fact suggests that factors other than that heat may be involved in the effect of electric field on the enzyme reactions.

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The relationship between longevity and season of birth was investigated by comparing :
1) seasonal distribution of birth of an aged population with that of a control population having the same period of birth years using a) 390 people of more than 80 years of age among the general Tokyo population and b) all the centenarians in Japan, 3165 in total, during the period between 1964 and 1979, and 2) follow-up survival rates of the aged of different birth seasons among c) 413 graduates of the University of Tokyo Medical School who were born before 1890 and alive during the periods between 1960 and 1967 or 1960 and 1975 and 1975 and d) 1332 inmates of an asylum in Tokyo, all more than 75 years old and born before 1894.
The birth-season distribution of group a) showed no significant variation from that of the control population born during the same period of years and in the same area. That of group b) showed significantly more births in the Aug.-Oct, season among both sexes and significantly less births in the Feb.-April season only among females. The follow-up studies of both c) and d) groups showed significantly lower survial rates among males aged about 85 born in the May-July season (19% for c and 24% for d) compared with those born in other seasons (33% for c and 37% for d) .
These findings suggest that males born before 1890 and in the May-July season have a higher mortality rate after the age of 70 or so than those born in other seasons of the same years.

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In order to investigate meteorological diseases, it is necessary to make an objective analysis of the structure of the phenomena which are induced by multidimensional relationships existing between the organism and meteorological elements. When the problems of meteorology are viewed as those of information management in the multidimensional, informative space, a most appropriate approach seems to be the multivariate statistical analysis.
In this study, the author chose patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis as a representative group of meteorological disease and made an analytical evaluation of the relationship of their characteristic complaints to meteorological elements. A control group consisted of the subjects who had suffered from fod poisoning in Tokyo. A comparison was made as to the results of analysis between these two groups in order to examine the validity of methodology.
A correlation analysis was conducted as to 22 variables consisting of meteorological elements (21 variables) and the incidence of complaints (1 variable) . As the result, the meteorological elements having significant correlations with complaints were found in 11 variables.
Then the input data were secured by rearranging the 22 variables into 12 variables and a principal component analysis was made by TOSBAC-5600. The eigen value and the cumulative proportion of total variance were obtained from the Table of Correlation Matrix (12×12 variables) . The first principal components occupied 60.6%. In interpreting the meaning of the first principal components, they were found to be the factors which contracted the meteorological disease of rheumatoid arthritis.
The result of factor analysis and the result of principal component analysis were compared by conducting a varimax rotation of the 12 variables. It was found that the interrelation (structure) of the 12 variables was about the same as the result of principal component analysis.
The subjects with food poisoning were analysed by the same method and their result was in accord with that of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

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Chinese medicine (oriental medicine) is one of the oldest medicines which recognize the relationship between the organism and meteorology by applying meteorological information to the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
In order to investigate the relationhsip of the patient's complaints to meteorological factors, the authors selected a group of patients who were suffering from rheumatoid arthritis which had been recorded as a positive indication in the classical literatures of oriental medicine. The results of the present study were summarized as follows:
1. The intensity of complaints was high when the pressure pattern showed west high east low, migratory high or a low pressure trough.
2. Analysis of the variation of complaints showed that the complaints tended to increase along with migratory anticyclone.
3. The relationship between the passage pattern of migratory anticyclone and the intensity of complaints indicated that the complaints increased when the center of migratory anticyclone was located in front of Tokyo, within Tokyo or in the northeast of Tokyo.
4. Evaluation of the above findings from the standpoint of oriental medicine showed that statistically significant meteorological factors were not specific to the arthritis patients, but rather they were common in a group whose chief complaints were pain and numbness.

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Distribution of air temperature, air ventilation, and concentration of airborne dust were measured in the underground passage (Shinjuku Metropromenade) at several times in summer, autumn, and winter seasons; and Biometeorological analysis were conducted on the basis of data obtained.
In summer, lower airborne dust concentration was found in the cool air-conditioned area than in hot non-air-conditioned area ; and airborne dust in the air of subway station contained more iron component and lesser lead component than that in the air of out-door ground surface.
In winter, even though the ventilation equipment was not being operated, ventilation frequency was about 10 times/hour in the underground passage. This ventilatory effect was stronger than that of natural ventilation developed by air temperature difference between underground passage and ground surface. Therefore, the dust concentration in the underground passage showed lower level in winter.

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This papar is composed of the following three parts. The first part is to investigate the method of the calculation to estimate the amount of radiant heat exchange between the human body and overall outdoor environment including buildings, ground and sky.
The second part is to examine the difference of the amount of mean irradiance, radiant heat exchange and effective radiant field on the human body between the following two cases. One is the case where a subject is in the shadow of buildings without direct solar radiation (CASE S), and the other is the case where he is exposed to direct solar radiation (CASE D) . The following results are obtained. While the intensity of the solar radiation is strong, the radiant heat exchange in CASE D is higher than that in CASE S. But while it is weak, the radiant heat exchange in CASE S is rather higher than that in CASE D. It was measured that the amount of the radiant heat exchange has an effect on the mean skin temperatures of the human body.
The third part is to perform a simulation analysis of effective radiant field (ERF) and operative temperature (OT) of the human body in the outdoor environment. In this computation, the human body is assumed to bo standing at the center of the street which is parallel to the latitude. The equation which is proposed to calculate the outdoor air temperature in the winter season in Tokyo is used. The intensity of direct solar radiation, sky radiation and atmospheric radiation are calculated using Bouguer's eq., Berlage's eq. and Brunt's eq., respectively. Surfaces of the street and the walls of buildings are assumed to be concrete slabs, each thickness is 10 cm. By dividing the radiative and convective heat exchange by the heat capacity of the slabs, changes of the surface temperatures are calculated successively. Mutual reflection of radiation is calculated using the Net Radiation Method. Cofiguration factors and convective heat transfer coefficients for the rectangular solid 120cm × 40cm × 20cm as a model of the human body are adopted. The following results are obtained. If the walls of the buildings are high compared with the width of the street, the changes of ERF are not so much, while in the opposite case ERF is very changeable, low by night and high by day. In the case which the street is 10m wide and walls are lOm high, both ERF and OT are higher when *ρ_s is 0.4 than when ρ_s is 0.2. Maximam difference of ERF is 20W/m² and that of OT is 0.9°C.
* ps : reflectivity of solar radiation of each surface

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