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Volume 17 (1980)
- Issue 3 Pages 9-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 17, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Kiyoshi MORIYA, Kazuo IKAWA, Tsutomu HIROSHIGE1980 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 59-64
Published: October 15, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMale Wistar rats, 40 to 45 days old, were trained by treadmill running or swimming at 35°C daily for 15 to 120 min for 6 weeks. Norepinephrine (NE) -induced heat production (nonshivering thermogensis) and concomitant utilization of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were examined after the training. CO2 output and rectal temperature were examined as an indicator of heat production. Uptake by tissues and oxidation of plasma FFA were estimated undar constant of 14C-palmitate-albumin complex. These results were compared with those of sedentary controls and cold-acclimated rats. In swimming trained rats nonshivering thermogenesis and plasma FFA uptake and its oxidation induced by NE were highly increased, compared with controls. The increments were essentially similar to cold-acclimated rats. In running-trained rats, these changes were less pronounced and not significant. The difference in effects between swimming and running may be partially explicable by difference in the amount of exercise load.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Hiroyuki SHIBATA, Kozo HIRATA, Tetsuo NAGASAKA1980 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 65-71
Published: October 15, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMetabolic and heart rate responses to norepinephrine (NE: 0.4mg·kg-1) injected subcutaneously in conscious cold-adapted (CA: reared at 4 ± 1°C for more than 4 weeks), NE-treated (NE: daily injections of norepinephrine, 0.4mg·kg-1 in oil, sc., for more then 4 weeks at 22 ± 2°C) and control (CT: reared at 22 ± 2°C for more than 4 weeks) rats were measured with a direct calorimeter of which wall temperatures (Tw) were 14°C and 25°C. At Tw 14°C, heat production (M), heat loss (HL) and colonic temperature (Tcol) at rest were higher in CA rats than in CT rats. Heart rate (HR) was, however, significantly lower in CA rats. An injection of NE produced an increase in M and Tcol in CA rats. The same dose of NE produced, however, a marked decrease in M and Tcol in CT rats. NE caused a significant fall in CT rats, but not in CA animals. NE produced an insignificant fall in HR and no significant change in M and Tcol in NE rats. At Tw 25°C, an injection of NE produced a significant increase in M and Tcol and an insignificant decrease in HR in both CA and CT rats. At this Tw, HR at rest was significantly lower than that observed at Tw 14°C in both CA and CT rats. From these data the followings were concluded ; 1) cardiac acceleration was not produced by norepinephrine in conscious rats particularly at lower ambient temperatures, 2) cold acclimation greatly reduced the bradycardiac response to this hormone, and 3) heart rate as well as cardiac output could be a limiting factor for the enhancement of calorigenic effects of norepinephrine in rats. Daily injections of norepinephrine seemed to reduce the pressor response to this hormone. The less bradycardiac response to norepinephrine in CA rats may be attributed to the decreased pressor response to this hormone, and the less cardio-inhibition elicited by the baroreceptor reflexes.View full abstractDownload PDF (992K) -
Masatake MURAKAMI, Kiichi KAKIMOTO, Takashi YANAGA1980 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 72-77
Published: October 15, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHumoral immune responses of mice against sheep red blood cell (SRBC, T cell dependent antigen) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, T cell independent antigen) were compared at various ambient temperatures. Mice acclimatized to 25°C (Balb/c mice and C57BL/6 mice) were immunized by intraperitoneal and intravenous injection of SRBC or PVP, and immediately after that, they were transferred to and kept in cold (7°C), moderate (25°C) or hot (37°C) climatic chambers. Five days later, these mice were sacrificed and splenic anti-SRBC or anti-PVP IgM plapue forming cells (IgM PFC) and serum haemaggulutinating antibody (HA) titers were measured. Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction against SRBC was also measured as the parameter of cell-mediated immune response in Balb/c mice. Results were as follows;
1) Mice anti-SRBC IgM response at low ambient temperature was significantly enhanced in C57BL/6 mice compared with that at moderate temperature, while no remarkable change was found in Balb/c mice.
2) In contrast, the enhancing effect of the low ambient temperature was not exhibited on the IgM PFC response against T cell independent antigen, PVP, in C57BL/6 mice.
3) At high ambient temperature, anti-SRBC IgM responses were depressed in both C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice, and depressed anti-PVP IgM response were also observed in C57BL/6 mice.
4) Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction against SRBC determined by measurement of hind foot pad swelling was not changed at each temperature in Balb/c mice.
These results suggest that enhancing effect of the low ambient temperature on mice IgM immune response may be mediated through regulatory T cells (helper T cells or suppressor T cells), whereas macrophages or B cells may be responsible for suppressing effect of the high ambient temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (583K) -
Masashi NAKAMURA, Seiki HORI, Kazuo SUGAWARA, Mutsuyoshi TSUCHIMOTO, H ...1980 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 78-86
Published: October 15, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBasal metabolic rate (BMR) and serum protein bound iodine (PBI) were measured on inhabitants of Okinawa in August and January during 1972-1974.
Following findings were obtained;
BMR in terms of kcal/m2/hr showed monthly change being higher in January than in August, and the level of mean in the both months of all 122 measured values was almost the same as the Standard BMR for Japanese (the Welfare Ministry) . No significant difference of BMR was found between the subjects native of Okinawa and migrants from mainland of Japan. The variation index of BMR between the both months was almost the same as that in inhabitants of Nagasaki obtained before by our colleague, Dr. Chen. Climatic temperature in January of Okinawa is almost equvalent to that in April of spring and in October of autumn at Nagasaki, where BMR of inhabitants is very changeable in these seasons, thus BMR in Okinawa inhabitnats similarly increased in January.
FBI values in Okinawa inhabitants showed smaller rate of increase from August toward January compared with those in inhabitants of Nagasaki. Tsuchimoto, our colleague pointed out already that PBI was higher in the cooling-down season of autumn than in the warmingup season of spring.
Thus, it is thought that BMR is very variable due to the change in the temperature conditions of the seasonal climate, however increase rate of PBI, which is an index of secretion of thyroxin as a most important hormone controlling metabolism, depends upon the velocity of temperature change, being lower in Okinawa and higher in Nagasaki. [Jpn. J. Biometeor. 17 (2) : 78-86. 1980]View full abstractDownload PDF (1150K) -
Yang Yeul SOHN, Norio ISODA, Yotaro KOBAYASHI1980 Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 87-94
Published: October 15, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpatial distribution of thermal conditions; air temperature, air velocity, humidity and heat radiation, in four shops of a printing factory were measured. At the same time, thermal sensation vote of workers in these shops was taken in order to investigate the relationship between thermal condition and human thermal sensation.
The investigation was performed fron 8: 30 to 16: 00, in three seasons; summer (air-cooling season), winter (air-heating season) and autumn (non-conditioned season) . DBT (dry bulb temperature), WBT (wet bulb temperature), globe temperature and air velocity were measured at many points on the same horizontal plane at 20cm, 70cm and 120cm above floor. Effective temperature (ET) and corrected effctive temperature (CET) were calculated by the chart.
The horizontal range of DBT was wide in summer and winter, and the vertical range was wide in winter. The relative humidity was 40-60% at the most of the measuring points. Globe thermometer showed about 1.0°C higher than DBT in summer, and a little lower than DBT in winter in average. Air velocity at the most of the measuring points was less than 0.4m/s and the highest velocity was 1.4m/s.
The graded comfort class based on ET or CET was determined in accodance with workers' thermal sensation vote, and percentage distribution of each comfort class were shown in a diagram for the purpose of practical use. [Jpn. J. Biometeor. 17 (2) : 87-94, 1980]View full abstractDownload PDF (1015K)
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