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Volume 49 (2012)
- Issue 4 Pages 127-
- Issue 2 Pages 49-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 49, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Reviews
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Shinichi Watanabe, Tetsumi Horikoshi2012 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 49-59
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSolar radiation is one of the most important factors in outdoor thermal comfort assessment. Many thermal indices require mean radiant temperature as an input parameter in their calculation. In this report, three conventional methods for calculating mean radiant temperature in outdoors were reviewed; (a) based on measured short and long-wave radiation fluxes from six directions (front, back, right, left, up, and down), (b) based on measured short and long-wave radiation fluxes form two directions (upper and lower hemispheres), and (c) based on measured globe temperature as well as air temperature and air velocity. In practice, the suitable method for mean radiant temperature should be determined based on measuring instruments available and required accuracy.
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Teruko Tamura2012 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 61-70
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClothing is a portable micro-environment of the human body. This paper confirms how effective clothing is a tool for the human body to adapt to various climates on the earth from cold to hot. From a spatial stand point, this paper summarizes the relationship between climate and the characteristics of folklore costumes throughout the world. From the perspective of time, the seasonal changes in wearing conditions of people in Tokyo are introduced with a fixed point observation method using photography. The amount of clothing worn in different periods of time are compared and the change due to the period in time are discussed in relation to the changes of house construction, air conditioning systems and the social needs for energy conservation. In order to develop the functional, climate adaptable and comfortable clothing, two different approaches are conducted in this field. One is a physical approach using a thermal or a sweating thermal manikin. The origin of a thermal manikin and the development of many types of sweating thermal manikins in the world and the factors affecting the thermal characteristics of clothing are summarized. Another is a physiological approach to the human body. The examination of physiological and psychological responses in the human body to different climates is basic and very important to develop functional and comfortable clothing. The research methods and the results obtained from skin temperature, sweat rate, thermal sensation and humid sensation over the skin surface are briefly introduced.
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Original Articles
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—The relationship between the degrees of insulation of houses around Nagoya city, Japan—Sayoko Matsubara, Mayu Aoyama, Aimi Yamada2012 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 71-82
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe analyzed the relationship between the degree of doing means to live cool naturally and the means included air-conditioning to feel cool during housework from the viewpoint of comparison between the degrees of insulation of houses. The following findings were obtained;
1) The degree of doing means to live cool naturally were classified into three groups; HIGH, MEDIUM and LOW. The relationship between these three groups and the two categories of the degree of insulation was analyzed. MEDIUM and HIGH groups are relatively large in low insulated houses, and MEDIUM and LOW groups are relatively large in high insulated houses.
2) Residents use air-conditioner less at housework than at rest to obtain thermal comfort, even in the high insulated houses. Residents in high insulated houses or those aged under 50 years tend to use less air-conditioner to lessen the energy expense.
3) More than half of the respondents in both houses answered that they suffer from the heat during housework. Cooking, vacuum cleaning and ironing are the worst three houseworks which respondents complain.
4) HIGH group tend to use various means other than air-conditioning to live cool naturally. On the contrary, LOW group tend to use air-conditioning much more than HIGH group.
5) The results of this study suggest the possibility for LOW and MEDIUM groups to live comfortably with the smaller energy consumption and expense by the means to live cool naturally other than air-conditioning during daily life and housework by leading them to use these means.
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Eigo Suzuki, Osamu Kashimura, Hirohiko Takahashi, Kazuhiro Minami, Sei ...2012 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 83-92
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of air circulation in clothing inside on thermoregulatory responses at farming under heat environmental conditions. The subject used ten male university students of 19–20 years old and performed 60-minutes farming. The subject divided it into two groups of the eco-fan group and work clothes group and did it with each five subjects. The measurement items were environmental temperature, the weight, heart rate, energy consumption, quantity of total sweat, quantity of hydration, increase of tympanic temperature, thirst VAS method, temperature humidity in clothes. The increases of in clothing inside temperature and humidity after farming in the eco group were significantly lower than that in working group, respectively (p < 0.05). Mean heart rate during the farming in the eco group was significantly lower than in working group (p < 0.05). Increase of tympanic temperature due to farming in the eco group was significantly lower than that in working group (p < 0.05). Total sweating rate during farming in the eco group was significantly lower than that in working group (p < 0.05). Volume of fluid intake thirst sensation at the farming in the eco group was significantly lower than that in working group (p < 0.05).
The wearing of the eco-fan was effective prevention for heat disorders in the heat environment that could not carry out measures to become light clothes from the problem of at the time of farming under the heat environment and the safety.
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Material
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—An analysis of records in a daily physical status log—Kosei Mikami, Hiroo Hachisu2012 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 93-102
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a higher cervical spinal cord injury, almost all of the body’s motor function is paralyzed. An patient with such an injury (a male in his 60 s injured in January 2004, injury level C4, complete paralysis) has long been receiving daily training not only by ordinary physiotherapy, but also by passive exercises, including “moving one’s arm” and “bending forward”. Analysis of a daily physical status log revealed the following effects of that passive exercise training on the physical condition of this patient: 1) the axillary temperature tended to rise, 2) the pulse rate at rest tended to increase, 3) the number of days that psychotropic drugs were taken tended to decrease transiently, 4) the patient became able to defecate without use of a suppository (cathartic), 5) the number of days that the patient described his physical status as “neither well nor poor” tended to increase. This is a singular case, but passive exercise training may have favorable effects on a part of the physical condition of patients with higher cervical spinal cord injury.
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