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Volume 21 (1984)
- Issue 3 Pages 10-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 21, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Makoto NUMATA1984 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: April 14, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMacroclimatic and macrovegetational zonations are considered to coincide well, and they are basically regulated by temperature and precipitation based on the concept of static climatology. The forest climax zones in Japan were proposed by several authors in relationship to climatic types which are somewhat different from European ones, particularly in the definition of subarctic and subtropical zones. There are several opinions on the ecological situation of Hokkaido. The northern and southern limits of beech forests and evergreen oak forests at present and in the ice age are discussed in relationship to the annual mean temperature and the monthly mean temperature in the coldest month. In the legends on world vegetation maps, climatic adjectives are not always used. However, in the nomenclature of vegetation zones in Japan and in Holdridge's system, climaic types correspond directly to vegetation types.
Besides these, there are many proposals on the identification of horizontal and altitudinal zonation of vegetation. Also, there are several approaches, such as plant community, plant formation, phytosociological, plant climate and floristic zones or regions.
However, climatic classification from the standpoint of dynamic climatology has been proposed on the basis of wind systems and air masses. It is applied to mountain climate as well as to horizontal climatic types based on global atmospheric circulation in relation to vegetational zonation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1228K) -
Kiyoshi ISHIGURE, Hisanori NAGATA1984 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 11-20
Published: April 14, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the effect of room air-conditioning in summer on the endocrine function, daily excretions of urinary 17-ketosteroids (17-KS), 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were measured on six healthy adults (4 males and 2 females) during the summer in 1981, while they were working in office without air-conditioning for the first 14 days (standard period) and then in office with air-conditioning for the following 23 days (cooling period) .
Because of small number of subjects, the effect of room air-conditioning on the endocrine function was not fully elucidated, but the findings suggested that the room air-conditioning could slightly reduce the effect of hot environment on the endocrine function and also had the tendency to increase daily excretions of urinary variables.View full abstractDownload PDF (928K) -
Toshiaki MIYAGAWA, Tokuo OGAWA, Masami ASAYAMA1984 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 21-28
Published: April 14, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTakagi and his colleagues (1960) postulated that skin pressure not only inhibits sweating and various autonomic activities but also reduces central thermoregulatory activity, and that body temperature (Tb) may rise or fall depending upon the ambient temperature. On the other hand, Ogawa et al. (1979, 1981) suggested that the skin pressure may exert a sweat-inhibitory effect primarily through the interaction of sudomotor impulses at the spinal segmental level.
Presently, in an attempt to elucidate the limiting factors of the sweat-inhibitory effect of skin pressure, we examined changes in Tb, whole body sweat rate (m), local sweat rate (S), heart rate (HR), metabolic rate (M) and respiratory frequency (f) during skin pressure (5 kg/50 cm2, 12 min) applied to uni- or bilateral subaxillary regions at rest in medium to severe heat (Ta : 37-50°C) and during excercise of medium to heavy loads (WL: 225-750 kpm/min) .
In general, the unilateral pressure caused depression of S on the same side of the upper half of the body, and the bilateral one induced inhibition of S over the whole upper half of the body. However, in severe thermal conditions caused either by exposure to severe heat or by heavy exercise where thermal equilibrium was not attained, the sweat-inhibitory effect of skin pressure was reduced progressively to be either transient, obscure or absent, as thermal load was increased.
These results confirm the assumption made by Ogawa et al. that skin pressure may exert a sweat-inhibitory effect under the control of the thermoregulatory central mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1020K) -
Tetsuo NAGASAKA, Yasuyuki SUGANO, Osamu SHIDO1984 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 29-35
Published: April 14, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeat production (M), heat loss (H) and atrial temperature (Tat) of capsaicin desensitized rats and of control rats were simultaneously measured over a period of 50 hours under a constantly dark ad libitum fed condition at 28°C. M and H were measured by direct and indirect calorimetry. In the capsaicin desensitized rats, the nocturnal Tat was higher with more increased M than that in the controls. The maximum and minimum levels of nocturnal Mand H were significantly higher in the capsaicin desensitized rats, but those of diurnal M and H were the same as those in the controls. These results suggest that capsaicin desensitization can influence on the level of thermoregulatory upper limit but not the lower limit in rats. The higher nocturnal body temperature in the capsaicin desensitized rats may be largely attributed to increased heat production associated with their enhanced physical activity at night.View full abstractDownload PDF (813K) -
Yoshifumi MIYAZAKI, Takehito TAKANO1984 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 37-42
Published: April 14, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAminopyrine N-demethylase activity, aniline hydroxylase activity, Cytochrome P-450 content and microsomal protein content in rat liver were measured during various periods (4, 12 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 45 and 60 days) of cold exposure (4°C) . Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity increased after 12 hours of cold exposure (55.9 ± 6.3) compared to the initial control (39.0±4.9), returned to the original level during 1 to 14 days, and increased again on the 30th day (69.7±7.1) compared to the control (43.4±4.7) (meann ± S.D.; nmol formaldehyde/mg protein/15 min) . On the 45th and 60th days, the activity established a high stable rate compared to the controls. Aniline hydroxylase activity increased on the 1st day (16.3±1.7), decreased on the 14th day (7.6 ± 1.5) compared to the initial control (11.7 ± 1.6), and increased again on the 30th day (14.5 ± 1.0) compared to the control (11.9±0.9) (mean ± S.D.; nmol p-aminophenol/ mg protein/15 min) . The activity also established a high stable rate on the 45th and 60th days compared to the controls. Cytochrome P-450 content increased on the 1st day (108.5±11.5) compared to the control (84.2±8.9) (mean ± S.D.; nmol/mg protein), but except for the 1st day there was no change throughout 60 days. Microsomal protein content correspondingly increased on the 1st day (94.5±7.6) compared to the control (75.3±5.8) (meann ± S.D. ; mg/100 g body weight) . These results showed that aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and aniline hydroxylase activity changed with the duration of cold exposure up to 60 days, and that there were differences in the time courses of aminopyrine N-demethylase activity, aniline hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content. It was suggested that distribution of cytochrome P-450 (s) changed during the acclimation process to cold.View full abstractDownload PDF (575K) -
Mitsuo SASAKI, Shiro ENDO, Toshiharu TAKAHASHI, Toshihiro OHTAKI, Atsu ...1984 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 43-51
Published: April 14, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate a transient sleep-wake schedule disorder resulting from a single rapid change of multiple time zone.
Subjects and procedures: The subjects for this study were ten healthy male subjects who spent their baseline nights in a sleep laboratory in Tokyo. After time zone change, four to ten consecutive nights of sleep polysomnographic studies were undertaken in the west coast U.S.A, and European cities (San Francisco, Los Angeles and Copenhagen, London, Frankfurt) . After return to Tokyo, several nights of sleep studies were continued. As a control flight south to Australia and New Zealand, four of those subjects were observed for several nights of sleep studies.
1) After eastward flight, the amount of SWS was significantly elevated and REM sleep was markedly depressed. Sleep latency was shortened and REM sleep latency was delayed.
2) After westward flight, there was enhancement of REM sleep, especially in the first half of nocturnal sleep, however SWS did not change. Sleep latency and REM latency were significantly abbreviated. There was also clear evidence of an alternation in the distribution of REM sleep with Sleep Onset REM Periods on the nights after the westward flight.
3) In our control study, southward flight to Sydney and Aukland, there was no change in REM sleep but moderate enhancement of SWS occurred on the first night in Sydney.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
Miyuki MIYAMOTO1984 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 53-58
Published: April 14, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe seasonal variation of birth weight was examined among 2, 904 case records of singleton deliveries between 37 and 41 gestational weeks during the period between 1972 and 1980 in Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo. Mean birth weight of babies born in May-November (3, 199.3 ± 399.3 g) was significantly higher than that of babies born in the other months (3, 158.1±388. 7g) . The higher birth weight in May-November was observed in both primiparous and multiparous mothers. In cases of delivery without any obstetric complications, the significantly higher birth weight was observed in babies born in May-October, while that was observed in babies born in May January in cases of delivery with one or more complications.
The birth weight changed also by mother's birth month. Mean birth weight of babies from mothers born in April-June (3, 211.0±399.4 g) was significantly higher than that of babies from the other mothers (3, 175.3±394. 4 g) . The higher birth weights in babies from mothers born in April-June were observed in both primiparous and multiparous mothers. Variations of birth weight by mother's birth month were similar between cases of delivery with and without obstetric complications.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K)
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