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Shuya MORIMOTO
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1183-1191
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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The elevation design of 168 super-high-rise housings with 100 m height located in the center area of Tokyo, have changed in such aspects as to be monotonous in building forms and complex in wall color compositions. The factor of these aspects is as follows.
1. A simple structure frame which has no column in the dwelling units has been required.
2. A monotonous building form which has been designed as tentative plan at an initial stage of urban planning procedure, tends to be followed as definite plan at after execution stages such as designs and constructions.
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Text mining analysis of near miss and accident reports on older adults’ falls
Rei NARA, Natsuko NAGASAWA, Mayumi GOTO
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1192-1203
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study targeted reports on falling accidents in a nursing home with the aim of clarifying the relationship between number of falls and seasonal environmental change. The main findings are summarized below.
1. The number of falls is the lowest in spring, and tend to be higher in autumn and winter. However, the number of falls caused by moving tend to be higher in spring. 2. The number of toilet-related falls is higher in winter. 3. The results of this study’s correlation analysis suggest that the number of falls is lower when the outdoor temperature and solar radiation are high.
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Junko MURATA, Tomoko TANAKA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1204-1213
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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In order to establish “community-based integrated care systems”, housing for those who find it difficult to remain in their homes should be provided. This study focused on Life Support House (LSH). Based on results, the role of LSH for residents to live continuously in their communities can be properly assessed. Questionnaire surveys of LSH and municipalities and interview survey on 12 LHS were conducted. Responses were analyzed by population scale. In smaller population areas, LHS cover shortage of welfare facilities and senior housing. In larger population areas, LHS provide residences to people in low-income.
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SURVEY OF FEMALE VICTIMS
Kiyo KOMURAI, Hiroshi IMAI, Hiroshi NAKAZAWA, Hiroki SUZUKI
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1214-1225
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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We conducted surveys of sixteen families in Sindhupalchok District, Nepal, who suffered under many damages after the earthquake in 2015, to explore the approaches of disaster recovery of victims in mountainous regions. 1) We collected information on the spatial composition of the existing dwelling, structural frame, and changes in the living space before and after the earthquake. 2) We clarified the evacuation phases, and asked the participants about their satisfaction and dissatisfaction related to the evacuation phases. 3) Using quantification method type 1, we clarified the factors that affect the satisfaction of the victims in each evacuation phase.
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Satoshi YOSHIOKA, Miako NISHIMARU, Takashi YOKOTA, Tadasu IIDA, Emiko ...
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1226-1236
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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An open-air terrace at cafeteria must be important as a kind of common spaces in campus, and usefulness of such terraces may be affected by the environment. We focused to distance and view angle to the front street, and proposed the “Facing Index on a Point to a Line” (FIPL) as a simple index value to represent how a point such as open-air terrace faces to the street. From observation survey at eighteen terraces in five campuses, we confirmed measurable relationship between FIPL and meal behavior in particular time zone, and discussed further availability of FIPL
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: From the Aspect of Ikata Concept and Japanese Grammatical Theory
Yasuhiro TANAKA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1237-1248
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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One of the survey methods used in architectural planning research is the behavioral observation survey, wherein, normally, observers are not treated as subjects of consideration. However, it has been indicated that descriptions in the Japanese language are inseparable from observers. Further, this applies to descriptions of behavioral observation surveys. In architectural planning research, Ikata (mode of being) focuses on this area. With reference to Japanese grammatical theories, this study (1) reconfirms the significance of Ikata from the aspect of observers, and (2) discusses how spatiality depicted by observers can be read from descriptions of results of behavioral observation surveys.
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Yen Khang NGUYEN TRAN, Mizuho UEYAMA, Ryo MURATA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1249-1258
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study aims to shed light on the correlation between spatial composition and indoor airflow as a passive design used in contemporary tube houses in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. In this constraint housing typology due to rapid urbanization, the study clarifies patterns of the living room and bedroom for their architectural and environmental characteristics such as room placement, spatial openness, airflow area and wind path. By revealing variable combinations between spatial openness and airflow in terms of rooms pattern and houses pattern, the finding clarifies diverse design methods responding to the environment in the contemporary tropical city.
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-Through discussion of an environmental philosophy and an actual situation of Hokuroku region in Akita prefecture-
Ryota TOGASHI, Haruhiko GOTO, Ryoya MORITA, Yoshito YAMAZAKI
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1259-1270
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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Conventional architectural discussions have mainly focused on human living spaces. However, it is also a reality that spaces abandoned from living spaces are expanding. Those spaces are called ‘brownfields’, for example, and seen as problematic, but is there no significance in those actual state? This paper aims to clarify abandoned spaces that oppose human living spaces such as architecture by mixing the real image of mine sites and discussions of environmental philosophy. Specifically, the following characteristics of abandoned spaces were identified: [Multilayered traces] [Delocalization of traces] [Prosperity of industrienature] [Awaken senses of inconsistency].
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A case study on Tsukechi, located in the upper reaches of the Tsukechi River, a tributary of the Kiso River.
Marina KITAHARA, Chie KODAMA, Eiji HATO
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1271-1282
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study aims to clarify the dynamics of sawmill location in the mid-mountainous area in relation to infrastructure and factory power, using Tsukechi as a case study. As a result of the analysis, in the past, proximity to water for turning water mills was important for the location of sawmills, but with the spread of electricity and trucks, proximity to the old highway and the surrounding environment became more important for location. Distribution of locations was established, with factories clustered along the highway and scattered at the foot of the mountains.
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Kenjiro MATSUURA, Yoshino FUKUTANI
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1283-1289
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of area-integrated renovation town planning in the Kagoda Park neighborhood of Okazaki City. The findings are follows, 1) the overall process of the redevelopment of public space by the government and the utilization of idle real estate by the private sector activities was clarified, 2) the redevelopment of Kagoda Park and Central Avenue created many spaces where many people can stay, based on the opinions of citizens, 3) few businesses were affected by both public space redevelopment and idle real estate utilization activities.
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―Study on Namie Town and Okuma Town in Fukushima Prefecture―
Masayo FUKUDA, Noriko AKITA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1290-1301
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study concerns the Specific Reconstruction and Revitalization Bases ('Specific Bases') in the area where return is difficult, where evacuation orders are to be lifted. We studied how the specific bases was selected from the perspective of the urban planning master plan before the nuclear accident, topography, radiation levels, history, and land use changes in the location of the specific bases. In addition to the locations positioned in the urban planning master plan, historical sites were also selected as specific bases, indicating that historical sites and areas with a regional identity are expressed as sites in emergency town planning.
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Analysis of the consciousness survey of victims in Mashiki Town, Kumamoto
Motoya KOGA, Katsuhiro MORISHITA, Tomoko OHBA, Kazuki KARASHIMA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1302-1312
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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In this study, in order to contribute to the work of supporting the reconstruction of the lives of future disaster victims, we ascertained the actual level of building damage and public support for victims in Mashiki Town, which was damaged by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. We then investigated and figured out the actual situation of the reconstruction process of households that have repaired or rebuilt their house through a questionnaire survey to focus on the time taken, cost of repair and rebuilding. We also clarified the level of understanding of the support system and ease of creating application forms.
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Toshihiro OSARAGI, Maki KISHIMOTO
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1313-1322
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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To allow a more realistic simulation analysis of evacuation behavior in a large earthquake, we constructed models of evacuation start timing and evacuation route choice. We also improved the model by including factors that influence evacuation behavior, such as following other evacuees and ways of acquiring disaster information. Then, we examined simulation models of evacuation in the event of a major earthquake in an area with a high density of wooden houses. The results showed that in areas with a high risk of fire spread, direct evacuation may be preferable to two-step evacuation.
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Study in Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures
Tsutomu KYOSEI, Takahiro TANAKA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1323-1333
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study aims to analyze and clarify the tendency related to the form of the redevelopment project from the public facility improvement such as multiple indices on the form and use district of the enforcement area, conventional situation, development purpose, improvement in front of the station, etc., taking 338 redevelopment projects constructed in Tokyo Metropolis and adjacent three prefectures as an object. As a result, it was considered that the assumed form image could be shared among the related parties in the early stage of a new redevelopment project.
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Yeling YANG, Momoyo GOTA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1334-1345
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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To restore easily collapsed street networks caused by major earthquakes in urban space, in this research, we put forward a feasible approach to setting an emergency evacuation passages in the case of street blockage among collapsed buildings. More importantly, this approach takes into consideration various evacuation behaviors of all groups including vulnerable people such as the elderly. In addition, evacuation simulations are also conducted to prove the efficiency of the approach and to improve the disaster prevention performance of concerned regions.
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Through deciphering the works of the continuous participants of the "Ako Pictorial Map Contest"
Mowa EBASHI, Motoki SHIMODA, Mina KOJIMA, Shigeki MATSUBARA, Michihiro ...
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1346-1357
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the formation of children's "contextual relationship between children and their living area" by focusing on their “learning” about the area through their pictorial map making in the “Ako Pictorial Map Contest”. As a result of analyzing the multi-year works of continuous participants, the children created their works triggered by active learning, and learning from others by involved in the process of making revealed a connection to the area formed in individuals, such as "a positive image of the area ", "a sense of ownership in the community".
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Yoshihiko MATSUMOTO, Yusuke KASHIWAGI
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1358-1365
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This paper surveys position of repairments damaged by burglars’ attack. The pattern of hotspots are mainly two types. In Tokyo metropolitan and Kanagawa, attacks are found mainly at back of the house, where lack of natural surveillance from pedestrians. In Chubu, attacks are often found at the front of the house where looking from streets easily, though back is attacked as well. Case studies show the possibility that burglars drive cars into housing lots in Chubu with wide front carparking space, while pedestrians prevent burglary attack on doors and windows getting natural surveillance in Tokyo and Kanagawa area.
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From questionnaire surveys of certified and general apartment residents
Kimihiro HINO, Mamoru AMEMIYA, Yasushi TANAKA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1366-1370
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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Low-rise apartments have a higher risk of criminal victimization than other types of housing. This study aimed to gain insight to promote crime-proof low-rise rental apartments through questionnaire surveys of residents of both certified “security apartments” and general apartments. General apartment residents who valued site lighting and emergency alarm systems were likely to recognize the economic value of certification. Residents of security apartments were less fearful in their units and more likely to greet residents in the same building and neighborhood. Finally, we suggested the need to provide information to increase residents’ awareness to have them choose security apartments again.
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Hiroki TSUTSUMI, Mizuki UCHIDA, Dai YAMAMOTO, Hiroto TAKAGUCHI
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1371-1377
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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Although an increasing number of municipalities are engaging in public facility management, there are few objective indicators to confirm and verify the specific direction in which facilities should be developed in the future. This paper proposes a cost-benefit analysis method for existing public facilities based on the travel cost method. As a result of verification in Kounosu City, it was confirmed that the cost-benefit analysis of public facilities is useful because it can identify public facilities that are highly satisfactory and necessary for residents and organize priorities and directions for facilities that need to be redeveloped.
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Transformation on Techniques ‘Mimawashi’ and ‘Makurasabaki’
Noriko KORESAWA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1378-1387
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study aims to clarify how new elements were accepted into the traditional form and transformed towards the beginning of the pre-modern period by focusing on the designs and techniques surrounding the uchinori-nageshi of main shrine buildings in the Kinai region during the medieval period. The representation using mimawashi of uchinori-nageshi had already been established at ikkensha shrines including the chinjusha shrines in temples by the late Muromachi period, and flourished at sangensha shrines in the Momoyama period. Investigating the background of these transformation revealed that a common element was the involvement of Shitenno-ji carpenters.
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Kei MIYAMOTO, Masanori TAKAHASHI, Osamu GOTO
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1388-1394
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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“Tatejiwarizu” of Odawara Castle Keep, a combination of section and elevation drawings, is thought to have been a measured drawing for repairs, rather than a design drawing, as it depicts characteristic details and writings on dimensions. In terms of structural methods, there are similarities with the relatively old existing castle keeps in the structural techniques, such as structural member shaped like “Nuki” and “Tenguhozo”. In other words, it is highly probable that “Tatejiwarizu” was drawn before the reconstruction of Odawara Castle Keep in the Hoei period, and it certainly shows the appearance of a keep that existed.
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Megumi OKUYA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1395-1403
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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By the end of the Sengoku period, accommodations known as muro had been established around the three peaks of Mt. Haku (Hakusan) by temples and shrines at the foot of the mountain. By the early Edo period, villages along the worship ascent trails to Hakusan’s three peaks had constructed their own muro. They were simple wooden huts built on flat land and near water. Although enclosed by stone walls to protect against wind, they often needed to be renovated and reconstructed. After frequent disputes over rights, Heisenji Temple seized power, leading to the decline of the ascent trails and muro.
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Koji INAMOCHII, Kenji ONOMICHI
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1404-1409
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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Five bridges were built over the Kotsuki River in Kagoshima City. The bridges were constructed by Sangoro Iwanaga, a Higo mason, between Koka2(1845) and Kaei2(1849). This paper describes the construction method developed by Sangoro Iwanaga in Higo before he left for Satsuma. Sangoro Iwanaga constructed Mitsuyose Bridge with a segmental arch, and as a result, he established the techniques of fan masonry, double wheel stone, and multiple masonry. Sangoro Iwanaga learned from Bizen stonemasons the Bizen style of packing cobblestones inside the stone walls and the Makidomo stone wall technique.
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Jianshuo SHU, Takahiro TAJI
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1410-1421
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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In this study, the conceptions of reinforced concrete can be configured in five clusters, i.e., of simplicity, of decoration, of freedom, structural form and prototype, as structural form is the most discussed realm, toward which the students have a clear technical understanding. Amidst various ideas, elastic arch, which signifies rigid frame and denies simply supported frame, i.e., curtain wall system, and dealing of surface for the lack of beauty in concrete are the two poles assimilated under the thoughts of truth of structure and rational structure. Particularly, elastic arch is deemed as a mechanical concept which derived from German.
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Saikaku TOYOKAWA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1422-1431
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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The study aimed to shed light on how Kenzō Tange’s Laboratory designed private offices and developed urbanism from the late 1950s to the 1960s. I utilized Kokuyo Tokyo Branch drawings held by Muroran Institute of Technology. Findings on the following were obtained: 1) characteristics of design methods for office buildings on narrow sites, 2) comparison between facade design using PCa concrete and that using marble, 3) response to a company logo on a building roof.
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Aya CHATANI, Seizo UCHIDA, Myungchae KANG
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1432-1437
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study clarifies the career and architectural activities of Eiji Watanabe, the designer of the former Maeda family’s Kamakura villa. Watanabe served as a design engineer of the Meiji Jingu Shrine Zoning Bureau, the Denentoshi Co., Ltd. After that, he served Maeda family’s office as the housing architect for many years. Also, it makes clear that Watanabe mainly designed the noble residences, such as the former Maeda Toshitatsu residence, the former Maeda family’s Kamakura Villa, and the former Naito Masamichi residence, in prewar.
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Saikaku TOYOKAWA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1438-1448
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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I compared the construction plan of Butokuden (i.e., an arena for Judo and Kendo) in Tokyo before World War II with the post-war Nippon Budokan competition. In designing the two gymnasiums, a great debate arose as to whether to use a bold non-pillar space with a steel structure, or a Japanese-style roof expression. Ultimately, the Japanese-style roof design was deemed easier to understand for Japanese people. I analyzed why Sutemi Horiguchi had a critical attitude toward this roof expression, as well as how Mamoru Yamada used this same roof expression to win the first prize in the Nippon Budokan competition.
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Ikuo HIRAYAMA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1449-1454
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This article considers the difference in the timing of importation of Nail-rods and Wire nails in modern Japan. The following points become clear.
Looking at nail making trends in world history, the end of the early modern period was the end of forged nails by nail-rod, and the dawn of Wire nail manufacturing. In addition, after the opening of the country, when Nail-rod was brought to Japan, Japanese iron wholesalers actively moved to purchase Nail-rod. These are the reasons why Nail-rod was widely introduced in Japan ahead of Wire nail.
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Shoichiro SENDAI
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1455-1464
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This paper examines the relationship with the ‘equipment’ incorporated into the structure by analyzing the creation and transformation of the lattice ‘honeycomb’ frame structure as a prototype in Cap-Martin. The ‘honeycomb’ frame has a genealogy in the ‘bottle rack’ frame and the walled vaulted roof of the ‘monol’ house but transforms into a framework structure based on a 226 cube. The frame structure allows free combinations of floor and ceiling surfaces and becomes a ‘new ornament’ for flexible adaptation to climate issues.
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Michisato IKEDA, Nobuaki FURUYA, Tetsuyu SHIRAISHI, Yuri FUJII
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1465-1472
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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The present study focuses on the books production of Le Corbusier in collaboration with Jean Petit and examines how such relationship endeavored Le Corbusier’s book production. In particular, it aimed at:
1. Determining which of the books of the overall production are related with the collaboration with Jean Petit.
2. Clarifying the relationship between them and their collaboration based on the content of their letters.
This paper’s findings clarify the position of books produced in collaboration with Jean Petit in the production of Le Corbusier's books, their relationship, and Le Corbusier’s attitude toward the production of the books in collaboration.
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Ryo MASUOKA, Shingo SUEKANE
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1473-1481
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study is a research project to elucidate the characteristics of Raphael Soriano, who became a leading figure in post-WW2 architecture on the west coast of the US through works such as Case Study House #1950, with particular attention given to the composition of exterior spaces of residential buildings which were his primary focus. This research analyzes Soriano's composition of outdoor spaces and the types and transitions thereof based on the following four criteria : Lot shape and cross-sectional composition, building layout and establishment of boundaries, building layout and composition of views, exterior spaces and composition of apertures.
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Houjun LI, Osamu TSUKIHASHI, Luyang LI
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1482-1492
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study aims to capture the compositional practices and ideas of the boundaries of Chinese high-rise commercial housing estates through an examination of the physical boundary of modern Chinese enclosed commercial housing estates, the gates that link the inner and outer parts of the estates and the 'Domain of gate' that they form. By examining and classifying the spatial layout, composition and relationship with the surrounding realm facade, seven types of field composition and diverse field character characteristics are identified, illuminating the spatial composition of high-rise commercial residential areas and the context in which they are formed.
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-A comparative analyses of Jibiki-ezu (cadastral map) , Chiban-chizu (lot number map) , fire insurance map and the Building Line System-
Miki YAMAZAKI, Hirohisa ITO
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1493-1504
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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Kichijoji has been established by the emigration with the urban renewal of Edo after the Great Fire of Meireki in1657 and planed as Shinden settlement with the similar strip-shaped allotment of land . This paper compares the land allotments and composition of Michi (streets and alleys) in detail with the typical maps (cadastral map at the beginning of the Meiji era, lot number map at the end of the Taiso era, fire insurance map revised in 1949) and seeks to comprehensively the formative process of Kichijoji and Nishikubo area from the Meiji era to the early Showa era.
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Fuki WADA, Shoichi OTA, Osamu NAKAGAWA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1505-1516
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This paper aims to clarify the process of commercial group in the case of markets in after WWⅡ Kyoto city. Here Black-markets and daily-retail-markets are targeted and following two points are found: firstly, in Kyoto city after Black market deported in August 1946, Kyoto prefecture government allow stalls to open under the regulation. New permission places are expansion to sub-urban area than pre-war and choosing site of building evacuation. Secondly, many privately-owned retail markets opened after WWⅡ and managed by association of merchants. Namely, commercial groups located sub-urban area and new commercial foundation by autonomous activities by merchants.
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: Kagi prefecture, Ensuiko prefecture and Tainan prefecture in southern Taiwan
Makihiko TSUJIHARA, Satomi IMAMURA
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1517-1528
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the transformation process of area developers related to the sugar industry in Taiwan between the 1900s and 1910s using the zone change-over for the sugar industry association and the restricted zone for sugar cane collection.
At first, farmlands in Tainan area were cultivated by Taiwanese capitalists who originated during the Qing dynasty and lived in Tainan. Next, the various Taiwanese capitalists who lived in local area developed the Tainan area. At last, Japanese important capitalists came to Tainan to develop this area.
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Ezatullah KHALEQIAR, Tetsuya ANDO
2023 Volume 88 Issue 806 Pages
1529-1538
Published: April 01, 2023
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2023
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This study examines the features of the traditional houses of Laftan village in Farah Province, Western Afghanistan. The composition of the Laftan village was found to be strongly related to the local climate, topography, and the mosques as the center of the community. All the houses in the village are one-story buildings constructed with pakhsa (pressed mud) wall and domical vault roofs of sun-dried bricks. The plans, cooling systems, and roof types of houses depend on the age of the houses.
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