Analysis by place revealed the following. Services are demanded when parents are having a tough time or need to refresh, with demand exceeding supply. However, there is a small number of requests from non-users for services in the home of a person left in charge of a child. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that for those who wanted to use such a service at their home, being on maternity or childcare leave and “the view from the room and greeting behavior” were significant, and for those who preferred a facility, having only a child under 3 years old were significant.

Recently, there are increasing number of offices to incorporate plants in their interior spaces as a biophilic design approach. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of plants and people coexistence conditions in interior spaces from the defined 431 spatial units around the indoor plants collected from 84 office cases, by analyzing step-by-step the proximity of window and void, surrounding enclosures and visual continuity, and floor sizes and view distances. The study finds 24 characteristic Green Space Patterns from Green Units and Green Zones and 7 Placemaking typologies and 5 attributes for achieving plant visibility.

The living/learning environment in an advanced case of inclusive education and the actual activities of autistic children and reviews by graduates give insight into the design of inclusive environments. The results showed that adjusting the distance between children with different paces, buffer spaces, and using the same living lines contributed to the implementation of inclusive education. It can be said that the characteristic of inclusive environments is that they aren’t recognized as being special, and that learning environments appropriate to each developmental stage under a consistent educational philosophy from early childhood to school age form the foundation of inclusive education.

In this study, for the non-traffic and non-transportation use of street, we should discover and fill the gap between the physical characteristics of street space and human activity characteristics. We proposed the application of a 3D visualization method of action trajectories based on the Space-time Diagram Model, in which individual activities are the units of study, using users’ spatiotemporal action trajectory data in a street space. By using the model, we were able to confirm the activity characteristics of individual activities, group activities and total activities of mobile and stationary activities by user attributes and activity contents.

This study focuses on the Japanese grammatical theory, which suggests that only case particles evoke spatiality (imaginary representation of the relationship between human behavior and the environment), and considering spatiality implies that case particle selection is automatically determined by verb choice. Through an analysis of the author’s fieldnotes, instances where the verb “suwaru (to sit)” takes both the case particles “ni” and “de” were identified. Findings revealed that (1) when “de” is used, it describes a situation of “iawaseru (being present)”, and (2) the author is also present in that situation.

At first, Historical matters regarding kelp fishing in Kamoiunbe district, Rausu town were organized based on a relevant historiographic and a building construction. Second, from the field survey, the types of fishery sites (3 types) and fisherman’s houses (5 types) were organized, and it was understood that the form of the attached huts corresponded to their uses. Through the above verification, 5 spatial composition types of a fishing ground were extracted, and it was clarified that a prototypical landscape was formed in the northern part of the subject area, and a multilayered landscape was formed in the southern part.

Focusing on the Hirabutai of Itsukushima Shrine, this study reexamines the conventional idea that the disaster mitigation measures were taken to reduce the damage by making it a "raft structure". The fact that the columns and girders of the flat stage were not connected by a clamp or similar means makes it more natural to assume that the flat stage was consistently surfaced when it could not follow medium term changes in the tide level, and it is unlikely that this was a proactive disaster mitigation design aimed at protecting the main shrine from damage by surfacing the flat stage.

This paper verified the characteristic of space planning in "Les Grands Voisins (LGV)" in Paris, a temporary use project which transformed the closed hospital into a public space for multiple purposes. As findings, LGV makes two different spaces: one for the specific uses where LGV’s tenant users and residents create a lively daily atmosphere, and another for the common uses by diverse entities. Besides, LGV has two space-remaking methods: change of the building structure and refurbishment with light materials by DIY. In addition, LGV is a trial process to realize and reconstruct contemporary publicness.

The Moji Port, assigned as a special trade-enabling port in 1889, stands as a pioneering port city example in Japan. This study explored how to develop early modern port cities with port construction and urban infrastructure development projects. Designed by Dutch civil engineer Mulder, the Moji Port was equipped with essential features for a modern port city, including basins and canals. In addition, this study revealed the urban layout was shaped through port construction and urban infrastructure development projects, showing how diverse facility placements demanded by different implementing bodies manifested in Moji’s urban space as distinct characteristics.

The aim of this study is to make clear the process of spatial improvement and development in the early days of urbanization in Ube, Yamaguchi prefecture. Ube city achieved rapid urbanization due to the development of the coal industry. Prior to that, an early reorganization of the administrative districts and aggregation of mining vested rights had been put into operation. “Shizoku” and landlord class were closely involved in the above process. As a result, the foundation as an industrial urban space was built.

This study aims to clarify the reality of Michi-no-Eki as a regional hub in former towns and villages, and their significance and challenges, using Minamiboso City, as a case study. Michi-no-Eki supported local employment by providing convenient services such as shopping for both local and non-regional residents. In the case of a merger between small municipalities, the challenge is to achieve both efficiencies through consolidation and to maintain the bases of the former towns and villages. However, even when public services are scarce, Michino-Eki stations are thought to fulfill a certain function as bases.

Many cities in our country experienced war disasters and natural disasters, and every time, efforts have been made toward making cities resistant to disasters. Nevertheless, many districts remain vulnerable to disasters. Urban redevelopment projects analyzed in this study were created as one of the methods of improving such vulnerable areas. In this study, data on the time when redevelopment projects were carried out, enforcement entity, building form, purpose of redevelopment, etc. were collected and arranged on the redevelopment projects carried out until now for Tokyo and three prefectures, and it was aimed at clarifying their transition and its factors.

This study aims to obtain insights for improving the resilience of urgent urban renewal areas and reducing CO2 emission. The research scope encompasses 36 special urban renewal districts in central Tokyo. An examination of proposals since the Great East Japan Earthquake reveals an increase in disaster preparedness measures. However, challenges remain in terms of encouraging the use of green energy and securing sources of water and power during emergencies. Furthermore, it is likely that regular meetings after the formulation of a safety and security plan, and better coordination among the authorities lead to improved disaster preparedness functions.

This paper evaluates the disaster mitigation effects of urban improvement projects in densely built-up wooden residential areas and provides a basis for strategic planning. Specifically, we select two districts in Tokyo, Arakawa district and Yayoi-cho district, as the analyzed districts. Then, we decompose the urban improvements implemented during 2006 – 2016 and prepare eight simulation scenarios for each district. Finally, we conduct a simulation analysis using a wide-area evacuation simulator and examine the mitigation effects of each urban improvemnt project.

This study identified the housing reconstruction process and outflow of households affected by the Hokkaido East Iburi Earthquake. The method was an association analysis between household attributes and population outflow, using chi-square tests and residual analysis. Data were collected from the disaster victim ledger and the basic resident ledger. As a result, it was statistically revealed that households whose damage level was partially destroyed, rented households and households raising children were more likely to move out of the town. It is considered that targeting these households for housing assistance measures would contribute to reducing the outflow of population.

From the records of Nagoya City, we mapped 232 evacuation sites and the extent of inundation during the two-month period caused by Isewan Typhoon. In addition, we mapped the evacuation sites of 51,231 evacuees within 8 days of the disaster and 32,376 evacuees on the 21 days after the disaster. Comparing these two sets of data, it was found that between the 8 and 21 days after the occurrence of the disaster, evacuations in areas that were not inundated or two areas that were inundated but had already been drained were progressing, while evacuations in inundated areas were continuing.

This study examines the introduction of the “middle voice” into the research on the leaders of community development, based on a review of studies outside the field of architecture and urban planning that use the middle voice. As a result, we were able to accumulate theories for the construction of a methodology for describing and analysing the formation process of motives and activity opportunities of the leaders of community development, such as a different perspective from ‘will = initiative’ in the formation of motives and activity opportunities, and the grasp of indirect and medium- to long-term influences.

The architectural magazine “Shikoku Kenchiku ” was published in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, from June 1958 to around 1966. An architectural photographer Tokio Ueno edited and published the magazine. Not only architects and local historians from the Shikoku region, such as Tadashi Yamamoto and Masatsune Matsumura, but also Kenzo Tange and Yuichiro Kojiro from Tokyo contributed to the magazine. The magazine featured folk houses and public facilities that did not appear in magazines published in metropolises, such as Tokyo and Osaka at the time. The articles in “Shikoku Kenchiku ” indicate that architects in the Shikoku region recognized the importance of local context.

This study aims at the contents of the upper beam ceremony “Sangryang Ui“ of government buildings recorded in the Yeonggeon Uigwe during Joseon Dynasty. It was recorded by the building, either as part of the construction process or as one of the rituals. The records are generally consistent from the 17th to 20th centuries, showing the arrangement of ritual necessities, the attire of participants, and even the act of entering and leaving the ritual site. According to the narrative analysis, it was compared and organized from the five perspectives and confirmed that they were recorded in accordance with precedents.

In this paper, we focused on the tenons at both ends of the stone window balusters of Khmer architecture, and studied the changes in their shape and technical features. The following points are clarified.

1) Tenons were initially square-shaped but became round by 1026 AD. By 1060 AD, balusters ended flat without tenons.

2) For window balusters with tenons and those without, the procedure for attaching the baluster to the window frame differs. This change in construction method improved the productivity of construction, making it possible to build large-scale buildings such as Angkor Wat.

A roman baroque architect Francesco Borromini and his patron Virgilio Spada wrote a monograph ( una piena relatione della fabrica ) with drawings about Casa dei Filippini in 1646-1647. Now it was named Opus manuscript. In this monograph two capitals was described especially. Their forms are extraordinary, but very simple.

In this study we compared their form and proportion with those of Ancient and Renaissance architectures. These capitals are made based on Alberti’s architectural theory of the beauty and ornament ( pulchritudo and ornamenta ) and their measures are based on the proportion.

This paper focuses on the installation method of wooden scaffoldings in Gothic church buildings in relation to wall passages such as “triforium”. The possibility of fixing putlogs to wall passages has been pointed out for two specific cases, but other cases have not been identified. By examining drawings and photographs created for the modern restoration works and putlog holes in the vestiges, it was found that putlogs were supported on the floor level or the same level as the parapet wall or the balustrade of wall passages.

Most dual-purpose buildings built by the Incorporated Church Building Society in the 19th century were mission buildings. In the 20th century, many consecrated churches were built as dual-purpose buildings. It became common to install a stage for secular use. However, it was recommended that at least 1/3 of the total floor be reserved exclusively for worship. In addition, several floor plans which allowed the worship floor to be extended but not vice versa emerged. It was found that there was a wider range of floor plan variations that explicitly stated that worship was the primary use.

This research investigates factors influencing depth perception in exterior space. A perceptual experiment using stereoscopic images, with varying architectural layouts, landform, viewing angles, and binocular disparity, was conducted. The outcomes were analyzed based on spatial and visual factors. The result revealed that size cues significantly influence exterior space depth perception. In addition, the characteristics of surface texture gradients that tend to affect depth perception and the topography that produces them were identified. Discrepancies between image capture and presentation angles affected depth perception significantly, while viewing angle reduction and binocular disparity had minimal impact.

This paper is composed of three sections. First, this paper compares the report of Battista Antonelli on foundation of Veracruz in 1600 with the laws of Indias(1573). We conclude his plan like “location of a city”, “composition of urban structure” and “block plannig” are common with the laws. Second, this paper discusses if an enceinte was projected as Veracruz founded. We understand the enceinte was projected only when Veracruz had been expanded to some degree. Third, this paper analyzes other Spanish colonial cities. We conclude in other cities also city planning was separated from project of enceinte.

This paper analyzed the relationship between waterfalls and waterworks in Edo’s daimyo gardens and revealed 2 following aspects:

1. Gardens on sloped plateau edges constructed waterfalls by utilizing natural topographical variations for waterworks flow, while gardens on plateaus or lowlands created waterfalls by building artificial hills and employing the siphon principle through waterworks pipes.

2. Plateaus offered favorable conditions for waterfall construction due to their utilization of natural topographical differences and higher waterworks availability compared to lowlands, resulting in a greater number of waterfalls. In contrast, waterfall construction in lowlands was challenging due to the absence of these factors.

In order to evaluate the importance of opinions obtained in the process of discussion, it is necessary to consider not only the frequency of words but also the referential relationships between opinions. In this research, we propose a method for quantitatively extracting two types of opinions that were often referred to by other opinions in the process of discussion. By doing so, we will construct a methodology for reviewing the process of discussion.