In this study, multigenerational symbiotic houses were classified into one-building, settlement, and town types, focusing on the attributes of residents, common space, and presence or absence of support. The actual condition was grasped through the interview, and the following were defined, classified, and analyzed as a factor that brings about the symbiosis: Commonality, openness, mixedness, diversity. The density of communities was closely related to mutual aid and the formation of community bases. It is important to understand the characteristics of the three forms and the factors that lead to symbiosis and make a choice according to the purpose.

Small rental apartment in cold region were analyzed on following 3 aspects.

1. Real situation of Small rental apartment in Hokkaido were analyzed and it was revealed that internal stair-case type apartment increased in 2000s and row house type apartment increased in 2010s.

2. By comparison of Hakodate city and Muroran city survey, major house builders were related to increase of row house type apartment.

3. Questionary survey for registered architect in both city, increase of internal stair-case type apartment in Muroran were related to requirement of clients.

This study revealed patterns about the forming of living base places on the moving process to the villa area in Hara Village, Nagano Prefecture.

・In addition to single-track migration in which "only one main base", there are patterns with "Staying place" and "Provisional residence place".

・Staying in the area before migration helps to imagine the lifestyle after migration and to prepare the house and jobs.

・Transitional housing styles like rental houses are important for people who want to move to a new location.

・There are the accumulation of uses not intended at the time of development.

This study provides an understanding of the needs for signs identifying restroom shown in group homes for the elderly with dementia (restroom signs), and reveals the elements for planning.

The purpose of staff displaying restroom signs is to support residents with dementia by showing them the location of the restroom and helping them to go to the restroom independently. The restroom sign should state that it is a restroom in letters and the size of the letters should be approximately 50 to 90 mm. The sign should be placed on the door surface at a height of approximately 1300-1400 mm.

This study identified the psychological elements of interpersonal interaction among older women participating in community activities at community spaces, and empirically demonstrated the relationship between the ease of performing activities and the physical environment.

The results showed that psychological elements comprised seven factors, one related to enjoyment and six related to sense of distance. The factors related to sense of distance were identified as physical in nature, signifying closeness, cohesiveness, and maintaining distance. The impacts of these factors were offset, reduced psychological stress, and easy performance of activities.

This study conducted a simulated online meeting office experiment to examine the effects of layout on self-evaluation and psychological evaluation of online meetings, and found the following:

1. There was no difference in self-evaluation when comparing different areas of private rooms.

2. There was no difference in self-evaluation between the window and corridor sides of the same area.

3. In the comparison of seat layouts, motivation in the small and large private rooms with the wall in front and behind was higher than in the private rooms with the window and other seats in front and behind.

Cement roof-tile in Okinawa had a great impact on the formation of the Okinawan landscape. This cement roof-tile was brought from Taiwan and produced mainly in Nago City, Okinawa, and spread widely throughout Okinawa. However, Currently, cement roof-tile is not being produced. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation of cement roof-tile in Nago City and to clarify the vicissitudes of cement roof-tile and their uses in building components. The results of the survey showed that cement roof-tile use was on the decline. However, the survey also revealed that cement roof-tile is used in distinctive ways.

This research analyzed the architectural design theory of all architectural works in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region which have been reported in Chinese architecture magazines since 1949. Through the architectural design theory, this paper examines what features the architects took as the reference object to show the Mongolian characteristics, and how they showed them in the design works; This study illustrates the thinking way of contemporary architects in terms of the expression of Mongolian characteristics of contemporary architecture in Inner Mongolia, in order to provide a basis for the exploration of Mongolian characteristic architectural design in the future.

The purpose of this study is to propose a landscape development method for Japanese gardens. To that end, I investigated the Manpuku-ji Garden, which is famous for being created by Sesshu. A subjective evaluation experiment was conducted with 53 subjects and 99 garden photographs, and 12 were identified in the corridor of Manpuku-ji Temple, on the Nure-en, 1 preferred viewpoint in the room, and 6 gazing areas.

We conducted a survey related to the use of public transportation by people with disabilities who have some hidden disabilities. The results of the interviews and exchanges of opinions were structurally organized, and it was found that factors affected by the characteristics of physical disabilities were behind the problems such as the fact that the people themselves want to avoid unnecessary stress when going out and have problems and requests for various facilities and equipment, therefore some problems can be solved by removing obstacles in the social environment.

To investigate social contacts in the community to prevent isolation and loneliness, we conducted a Web-based questionnaire survey of elderly people living in Hyogo Prefecture (N=702) and performed a multinomial logistic regression analysis with isolation and loneliness status as the dependent variable. By comparing the marginal probability effects of each explanatory variable by isolation and loneliness status, results show that the social contacts for the prevention of isolation and loneliness differ according to the circumstances of the isolated and loneliness situation.

Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in Sichuan Province. We selected 10 Jiarong Tibetan villages in Garzê as the objects to analyze the distribution characteristics of Jiarong Tibetan villages. Through the research, we were reached: 1. The topography have a great influence on the distribution of villages, 2. There are three types of roads in the village. There are clinics, activity centers, squares, schools and watchtowers inside of the villages, 3. One village was distributed in a valley basically, 4. Three types of villages were reached, and the relationship between village's type and the spatial structure of villages were analyzed.

Numerous historic spaces with alleys can still be found in central Kyoto and measures to preserve them for future generations have been proposed. However, when considering a preservation policy, it is necessary to understand the history of these alleys since most date from before World War II. The purpose of this study was to acquire foundational data for research on these alleys in addition to describing the modern and historical states of alleys in central Kyoto from 1972 to 2018.

Tomioka Town, which is the location of the nuclear power plant and the disaster-stricken municipality, became the main player in urban planning in modern times and gathered the population in the center, but the finances deteriorated and the population decreased. The location changed, but a hydrogen explosion caused the entire town to evacuate for six years. The population has plummeted, and half are short-term nuclear workers. They live in single-person apartments in the land readjustment project area. This situation is the same as before the disaster, except that various players were active in the center.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial improvement approach against the occurrence of vacant lands made by setback or demolition of buildings considering the characteristics of existing historic buildings and its actual condition. Focusing on the characteristics of historical landscape in the Seki-Juku Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings since 1980, we first analyzed the contents about the system design, operation system of this approach by through literature survey and interview survey. Second, we further evaluated the actual condition of this approach through analyzing the distribution of vacant lands and the achievement of spatial improvement.

This note focuses on Super Priority Lien (SPL) that allows homeowner’s association to foreclose a property over its mortgage. Twenty-two states have so far implemented the lien, hoping balancing the interest of mortgage creditors and homeowners’ association. The state of Nevada has been facing more challenges from both mortgage creditors and homeowners’ associations on its constitutionality of non-judicial foreclosure than other states. This paper summaries the cases since 2000 and discusses the three major decisions that the supreme court of Nevada made: SPL’s non-judicial constitutionality, tender extinguishing SPL, and federal creditors’ role in SPL.

This study aims to establish a series of earthquake evacuation behavior models suitable for both able-bodied and vulnerable people. Evacuations were simulated by combining established behavior models to present a singular effective method for the evaluation of regional disaster mitigation performance. For this, the building collapse rate and street-blockage range were first calculated, following which various models were established and simulated. Disaster mitigation performance was then evaluated through a comparative analysis of the simulation results. This method was applied to Kagurazaka, Tokyo, as a case study and its efficacy was demonstrated by empirical considerations.

This paper constructed a model to describe nursery choice behavior by considering multiple factors such as the distance from a residential area to a nursery, the facility type, and the density of nurseries. The model was validated by comparing the actual and estimated number of children who commuted between the areas in Adachi Ward. Next, four indices for evaluating local childcare facility planning were proposed, and the simulation to calculate those indices using the model was demonstrated in Yokohama City. Furthermore, 100-meter square grids were classified into six groups using the k-means++ method based on the values of those indices.

This study aims to clarify the relationship between the land-use conversion tendency of factories and the location characteristics of factories. This analysis covered factories located in the suburbs of Kanagawa Prefecture and logistic regression analysis was used as the analytical method. The findings are as follows:

First, land use zonings were found to be effective against the land use conversion of factory. Second, the tendency was related to its location with urban facilities such as stations and interchanges. Third, average land prices and the number of households in the area surrounding the factories were also found to influence the tendency.

The rapid growth in the number of seismic retrofitting of old wooden houses carried out in Kochi prefecture has attracted attention. However, in many other prefectures, this number has not increased. Collaboration among stakeholders is important for the promotion of seismic retrofitting because a variety of stakeholders are involved, including prefectural and city governments, architects, and carpenters. This study examined ways to promote seismic retrofitting while considering collaboration among stakeholders. We identified the success factors in Kochi prefecture and problems encountered in other prefectures. We also proposed measures for promotion based on these factors and problems.

This paper explores a collaborative design method with specialist contractors to achieve innovative design with a cost and programme certainty. Performance improvements of architecture require advanced technical input from relevant consultants and specialist contractors in the design process. Partnership with specialist contractors is essential to materialize the new idea within the available cost and suitable programme. Five procurement systems, Direct Manage, Management Contract, Construction Management, Construction Management at Risk and the [Ritchie] Method of an early Negotiated Trade Contractor GMP Contract are examined with case studies to review the pros and cons.

This study clarified the state and the determining factors of burden feeling of housing expenditure by analysis using comprehensive survey of housing life 2018 for the appropriate promotion of housing safety net policy. This study reached to following conclusions: 1) The proportion of households that feel the burden of housing expenditure increases when household’s age increases, or the government ordinance monthly income decreases. 2) The following 6 items that related to the burden feeling of housing expenditure were listed: housing expenditure ratio, government ordinance monthly income, householder’s age, minimum living floor space standards, housing satisfaction, temporary work.

This study conducted an empirical investigation of life satisfaction of residents living in super high-rise housings. We investigated life satisfaction of residents, and households with small children and elderlies who live on upper floors. Depending on the residential floors, home satisfaction, health status, and stress frequency differ. The degree of life satisfaction of child-rearing households is influenced by "the home satisfaction", "view from home", "health condition" and other factors. Elderly people's life satisfaction is influenced by "the home satisfaction", "view from home", "health condition", "stress frequency", and "the long chat time" has a negative effect.

This study confirms the period of vogue for the installation of pergola-style structures in modern Japanese housing, as well as trends in the shape of the design. The material dealt with prize competitions related to housing. The analysis confirms that the installation of pergola-style structures was fashionable throughout the 1930s, reaching its peak in 1933-34. In addition, from about 1930, the shapes of pergola-style structures diversified in response to changes in the design of roofs and eaves. Then, at the end of the 1930s, they rapidly came to an end due to the demands of wartime response.

“The festival plaza” with its big roof, designed by Kenzo Tange, was the facility of the Japan World Exposition 1970. The purpose of this study is, first, to examine how the big roof was removed at the seemingly halfway point of 1978, and second, to examine the case of conversion during its temporary existence. Through the analysis, it became clear that it was temporarily preserved as a symbol of “memories” of the Expo in the site utilization plan by Eika Takayama, and that a temporary exhibition hall with a tent structure was constructed for the China Exhibition held in 1974.

This paper aims to clarify the background of the modernization of theater architecture in Japan during the 1920-30s. After the Meiji era, Western-style theaters were gradually constructed in Japan. In particular, starting in the mid-1920s, after the Great Kanto Earthquake, the modernization of theaters progressed rapidly. This paper identifies two characteristic movements in Japan’s theaters modernization by analyzing journal articles and academic books of the time: the Society for the Study of Theater Architecture and Renshichiro Kawakita.

The For-sale Housing Project is a new project to deal with the problems that occurred in the Ordinary Housing Project, and which was started using the construction funds for the Ordinary Housing Project. This research clarified the opportunity for the start of the Dojunkai’s For-sale Housing Project and the construction process of the Saitobun Residential Area, which is the first residential area of the For-sale Housing Project. Dojunkai took the applications for Saitobun’s Residential Area in 1928, but Floor plan and others were not popular. Therefore, Dojunkai revised them, and took the applications again in 1929.

Yuan Ye, written in 1631 and published in 1634, is the only recognized historic book about making garden in China. The author Ji Cheng, put forward an important opinion in Yuan Ye, that although garden are artificial products, they should appear like natural existence created by heaven. This paper briefly introduces the composition and contents of Yuan Ye. And then collates the contents related to rockery, translate, and explains the parts that are difficult to understand. Finally, according to the content of the translation and explanation, the concepts and techniques involved in rockery construction are refined to form conclusion.

While the A type cavea plan was created around the middle of the first century B.C. in Latium or Campania, B type was formed in Central Italy, including Latium, in the third quarter of the same century (Table 1). In the early Augustan age, C type appeared, probably in Roman colonies. Although B and C types were only used in Roman West Mediterranean cities, A type is found in more than half of all ‘ Roman-typed theatres ’ throughout the ancient Mediterranean world in the Roman period making it the most common cavea plan in those theatres.

Giovanni Battista Passeri (c.1610-1679) who was an Italian painter, a poet and a priest, wrote Italian baroque artist’s biographies that contain the life of Francesco Borromini who was a one of the greatest architect of Italian Baroque.

In this life, Passeri uses a word “capriccio (or capriccioso)” to praise Borromini for his genius, in particularly for his ingenious invention. But Passeri doesn’t use “capriccio” to express the anti-classical features of Borromini’s works.

By investigating the meaning of “capriccio” in the context of the art criticism in the 17th century, the characteristic of the invention of Borromini would be revealed.

This study was to reconstruct the design process of the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace and to reveal the architect’s formal manipulations conducted under strategic design thinking. The study materials were the original design sketches and drawings possessed by Museum and Archives, Kyoto Institute of Technology. Initially, overall severance on graphic materials was conducted, and four distinctive parts of design were outlined. Further in this paper, the first part of design conducted in the property grown from 6,000 to 10,000m² was analyzed. Based on the chronological order of sketches established, transformability and formal manipulations through two successive studies were analyzed.

This study aims to clarify the characteristics in the expression of concrete eaves in public buildings of postwar Japan. Therefore, the reinterpretation of wooden construction in concrete is studied. First, relevant structural members are defined as hashira, keta, and taruki. Second, samples are examined according to the articulation of these members and the hierarchy between keta and taruki. Third, the construction method is distinguished between site-cast and precast concrete. Analyzing the relationship between articu-lation of members, hierarchy, and construction method, patterns are established. By comparing these patterns, the characteristics in the expression of concrete eaves are clarified.

The purpose of this study is to analyze Rafael Soriano’s. SUBSTANCE AND FUNCTION IN ARCHITECTURE, with a view to extracting the discourses that form the main theme of his works and classifying them into several categories. By engaging in this process of classification, the three categories of 【Idea】, 【Policies】and【Methods】 were derived. This study focused its analysis on the categories that constitute the three categories.

This paper aims to organize water sources used in 49 daimyo gardens in Edo, and to investigate the relationship with the waterworks supply range and usage situation to clarify the impact of waterworks on gardening. Although the waterworks was important for constructions of garden waterscapes, a survey after the reduction of waterworks supply range implemented in 1722 showed garden waterscapes collapsed by it, but the shape as a pond garden was maintained, and new gardening activities without waterworks were performed. It can be said that there were management systems of a self-contained pond garden doesn’t depend on waterworks.

This paper aims to clarify commercial activities by the inhabitants and their chronological developments in the case of retail markets in Pre-war Kyoto city. Here government-led public retail markets and privately-owned retail markets are targeted, and following two points are found: firstly, privately-owned retail markets were opened more in suburban area. Administration forgave increasing them and used them for spreading retail markets. Secondly, privately-owned retail markets were induced urban development founded as fundamental facilities in the newly-developed areas. Namely, administration thinking and inhabitants commercial activities caused the urbanization in the city , especially in its newly-born suburban area.

During WWII, creation of the Comprehensive Sen’en Regional Development Plan spurred the implementation of the Sen’en Great Merger. However, Sendai and Shiogama were at odds over the development of Shiogama Port. As a result, the fourth expansion of Sendai City was undertaken. This was accomplished by incorporating only five neighboring villages, while the municipal system of Shiogama City was implemented, only partially implementing the original plan for the merger. Thus, although the Sen’en Plan and the Sen’en Great Merger partially contributed to the formation of an expansive urban region, they lacked feasibility, and the originally grandiose plan was largely incomplete.

The purpose of this study is to understand the land ownership repertory of the lords in the Zenkouji-Temple District. The territory of Zenkouji-cho is divided into two lords, Daihongan and Daikojin. In the late 17th century, the territory of Daihongan, which covered only the residences of temple vassals, was concentrated in crossroads, near which the markets were set up, indicating that the vassals enjoyed the benefits of the market. However, in the mid-19th century, the Daihongan territory began to include the residences of townspeople. It can be said that Daihongan managed her own fiefs.

Our previous study proposed the QDP method. However, this study only revealed the visual changes in one type of architectural space. This study classified the Clustered type gallery space into two types: a serial gallery space and a parallel gallery space. We conducted spatial description and analysis using the QDP method for each spatial element. As a result, as a practical application of this quantification method, we were able to present a method that, although limited, can be applied to the CV Museum and the Tanimura Museum to express the characteristics of each type quantitatively.

This study attempted to examine the ecological foundations of design activities based on the findings of previous studies. First, the results of previous studies were summarized, and five properties of architectural design intentions were extracted. Next, each property of design intentions was compared with the environmental concepts discussed in the architectural studies. In addition, the problems in understanding design intentions in ecological terms, that is, the natural character that appears beyond the artificial, were confirmed. The concept of nature, as presented by the 18th-century German critic Gotthold E. Lessing, was subsequently introduced as a useful concept to overcome the problems.