This study investigated the number of staff needed to provide evacuation assistance during nighttime fires in infant homes in Japan.

Infant homes lack the number of staff to assist with evacuation during nighttime fires. The following four measures are required :

(1) Staffing measures through small group care

(2) Consideration of optimizing nighttime staffing standards

(3) Empowerment of evacuation use for staff slots that will be expanded through the implementation of day care and short stay programs

(4) Cooperation with other facilities attached to the infant home

This study aims to analyze the construction process of coal mining company housing in Harutori Area of Kushiro coalfield and Iwaki area of Jōban coalfield, considering the geological structure and social conditions. The following are the findings of the study. Coal mine houses were constructed in accordance with the geological structure in both coalfields. However, in Kushiro coalfield, the constructions of coal mine houses were later than the developments. In Jōban coalfield, coal mine houses were constructed throughout the entire coalfield, despite the geological structure, as small and medium-sized coal mines expanded.

The purpose of this study is to survey the learning habits of students in a science and technology college, analyze them based on learning quotas, and obtain useful knowledge for the development of university facilities. The results are as follows. The learning quota changed the awareness of where and with whom they learning, and it was found that they learn efficiently with peers and seniors in spare time, while setting up a learning base. Under the learning quota, it became clear that students use different learning tools, such as smartphones and tablets, depending on the location and learning contents.

We surveyed construction company employees to explore how their seating environment impacts workplace and organizational evaluations, work ease, and job satisfaction. The results showed that “privacy” and “proximity” had direct and indirect effects on “group cohesiveness/clan culture,” “workspace productivity,” “workspace satisfaction,” and “job satisfaction,” and “privacy” has greater effects than “proximity”. We demonstrated that the evaluation of the office seating environment influence and mediate the evaluation of the organization and the ease of performing one’s duties, as well as job satisfaction, and that the strength of these influences varies greatly depending on what the purpose is.

This study aims to clarify the spatial cognition of visually impaired people by focusing on their behavioral adjustment in their homes. The results are as follows: 1) People with total blindness have a higher percentage of contact time and contact range than people with low vision. 2) In the case study, the total blindness person used 7 touching patterns. 3) There was a particular order in the change of posture and touching patterns. These results suggest that the visually impaired have a structure of posture and touching patterns and it makes it easier to cognitive the space.

The aim of this study is to clarify the structural characteristics around eaves on the buildings and their transition built by the fifth Oguro, Mokuemon, a master carpenter in Echigo. In conclusion, this study clarified that the “Segai bracket structure” are generally used only for the temple main buildings and houses. In the temple main buildings with the “Segai bracket structure”, the construction style of eaves and bracket generally differ between front and other sides. The transition that the “Segai bracket structure” expanded from rear and lateral to all sides was established with the Kichijoji temple main building (1832).

The aim of this study is to clarify the consciousness structure of gardener away form home. The focus of the research is to quantify the level of consciousness and importance by analyzing gardeners consciousness. An investigation method is a questionnaire to the gardeners of away from home (Maebashi city, Takasaki city, and Fujioka city in Gunma). In analysis of gardeners consciousness, factor analysis and covariance structural analysis were performed using the result of gardeners consciousness survey. The analysis results showed that the consciousness structure of gardeners is maintaining managed.

In this globalized century, the regeneration of urban spaces through university campuses promoted by university reorganization has been progressing worldwide. This research uses three universities in the U.S. selected from previous research (part 1) to analyze spatial characteristics of those campuses and their relationship to the surrounding area. Furthermore, public hearings in planning commission were surveyed to analyze citizen involvement through campus master plan approval process. This research found the movement to form compact campus including student housing in the center of the city and the usefulness of the planning system to build consensus between university and neighborhood.

Aiming to understand distribution of exposed value throughout Japan in the 21st century, this study quantitatively analyzed risks of earthquake, flood, and sea-level rise using 500m mesh with population, asset, and geospatial information. The following presents the results.

1. 25.5% of the residential area, 50.9% of the population, and 36.9% of the assets are in the areas with altitude of less than 25m.

2. Population and assets are more concentrated in areas at high risk of sea-level rise than in areas at high risk of earthquakes and flooding.

3. Places with higher disaster risk have lower rates of population decline.

Aiming to understand changes in the living environment before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake, this study conducted a questionnaire survey of residents in the reconstruction project area in Yuriage district, which was damaged by the earthquake. As a result, the main findings are as follows: (1) The characteristics of residents within the area could be divided into disaster victims and new residents that were not affected by the disaster, (2) Based on” Build Back Better,” the change in residents’ satisfaction with their living environment before and after the earthquake was clarified by calculating the effect size and power.

This paper aims to classify the exterior design of vernacular houses by statistical methods and to show typology models for the region where both townhouses and farmhouses are found. 222 samples from Sakurai City are grouped into 10 clusters, which consist of three major representative classes such as townhouse-type, farmhouse-type and intermediate type. Second purpose is to evaluate streetscape from the view point of cluster arrangements. Such statistical typological approach would help municipalities to understand a characteristic of the region effectively for urban landscaping.

This article is comprised of following 3 aspects.

1. Determines the distribution of land owned or leased by the farmers and considers what kind of geographical spread they have in relation to the various stakeholders in the urban fringe area.

2. Verifies openness of farmland in the urban fringe area through an analysis of the actual use of dispersed farmland and the actual use of farmland that occurs in the context of relationships with various stakeholders.

3. Discusses the landscape of the urban fringe area created by dispersed farmland with openness while based on the above.

This study clarified the relationship between urban renewal and urban landscape, focusing on special urban renewal zones in central Tokyo. Through reading of draft plans and interviews with each municipality, we grasped the flow of special zone projects and highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of each. As a result, the following findings were obtained regarding landscape formation associated with urban regeneration through special zones: “landscape guidance with an awareness of continuity among special zone projects,” “existence of consultative organizations effective in reflecting local characteristics,” and “landscape formation tends to depend on the composition of the organizations.

We analyzed the association between convenience of railway station and resident’s step count using multilevel model. The results revealed the average numbers of trains and restaurants around the stations were positively correlated with the step count, while the time to Yokohama Station was negatively correlated. These convenience indices of railway stations partially explained the step counts’ variation between stations. In addition, the association between station convenience and step count was stronger in areas closer to stations. Therefore, station convenience should be considered in walking promotion measures.

The purpose of this study is to present the factors behind the slow progress of renewal of super-aged condominiums and the clues to the solution. We conducted a simulation of rebuilding and sale of the site, using super aged condominiums in Nagoya city. It became clear the current situation and measures to make it difficult to renew due to the lack of surplus floor-area ratio.

This paper proposes a methodology for estimating the number of existing housing stocks by the presence or absence of resident households. The major findings of the analysis of the estimated housing data is the followings.

1. Older housing stocks will be easy to “vacantize”. And the pace of demolition in vacant housing stocks is slower than occupied.

2. Housing stocks will be “aging” by 2048 and this trend will get stronger in vacant house.

3. These trends are observed especially in the area outside of 3 metropolitan areas in Japan. Utilization of housing stock will polarize into “easy” and “difficult”.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of spatial structures of two Minato-okura-syo that were located in the Tsuchizaki Port at an estuary of the Omonogawa River in the Edo period, and were facilities for Kaimai (shipping rice) by domains. The two Minato-okura-syo were characterized by the spatial structure connecting with the river directly, and the structure of storehouse which had the big size and the wooden board wall. Those were caused by an environmental condition which is peculiar to the regions along the Japan Sea coast.

The abundance of wood products left behind by ancient Egyptian burial practices in the arid climate can tell us about the earliest woodworking methods. However, they are yet to be fully discussed. In this paper, we reconsider the “plywood” of the coffin found under the Step Pyramid from the Third Dynasty, which has been identified as the oldest “plywood.” Rather than its similarity to plywood, we argue that it is the “beautiful wood assemblage” consisting of four species of foreign wood and two species of indigenous wood under gold foil that is most noteworthy and important.

This study aims to analyze “pans de verre ondulatoires” of “Couvent de La Tourette ,” designed by Iannis Xenakis under Le Corbusier, by using a novel visualization method that transforms the width into the vertical axis, and clarify the specific techniques that contribute to its musical characteristics.

While previous studies have pointed out the similarity with his “stochastic method” based on mathematics, the result reveals commonalities with the polyphonic theories such as counterpoint. This result confirms that Xenakis’ musical and architectural theory based on “hors-temps” structure does not simply deny the traditional “en-temps” systems, but rather extends it.

The 1951 Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura was analyzed on following three aspects.

1. The structure and design of the Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura in the survey of discourse materials.

2. The structure and design of the Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura in the analysis of the drawings.

3. The structure and design of the comparative analysis of the 1951Museum of Modern Art Kamakura and the pavilion de japan at the 1937 Paris International Exposition