In order to clarify factors to stimulate citizens' energy saving behaviors, WEB-based survey was conducted. The analysis shows that citizen's energy saving behaviors have meaningful relations with social capital (trust toward general public and toward local community), not with size of residence city, annual income, and academic background. Also, this study implies that citizens' energy saving behaviors are promoted by ecology-mind, which has correlation with the trust toward the local community.

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In the policy " Measures of conserve and improve land, water and environment " , working funds was granted for the plan making and its continuous execution of the resource preservation activities performed by a rural resident cooperating In the rural region, it has been an important subject towards efficient operation of the measure to raise residents' participating motivation. In this research, we applied the adaptive consensus building model, and built the model for analyzing the consensus building process by many residents. And we considered the influence degree of the social capital as a regulation factor of an attitude change of them. As a result, it was shown that especially the social norm that is a constituent factor of social capital has great influence on formation of the participating motivation to activity.

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This paper investigates the relationship between the people's attitude for living environment and the social capital. Based on the survey in two areas within a rural city which have each indigenous feature, we analyzed the association between generalized trust in other people as an aspect of social capital and 17 items that represent the people's attitude for living environment and tried to clarify the mutual association between them quantitatively. In conclusion, the people's attitude for living environment is associated with not only a living area and respondent's attributes but also generalized trust in other people significantly.

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This study aims to clarify the characteristics of spatial distribution of the percentage of the person who have high score of ISCI (Integrated Social Capital Index), which has been propounded as the measurement of Social Capital. We have calculated the percentage (P6) values of 151 settlements based on the database collected by the questionnaire survey in A city, Kyoto prefecture and adjust the undesirable effects caused by bias of the number of samples using Empirical Bayes approach. It has been made clear that the positive spatial auto correlation of P6's spatial distribution is detected by Empirical Bayes Index.

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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of social capital for the environment governance and reveal the accumulation mechanism of it. In analyzing, considering the difficulty of getting data of social capital, a method of structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed. From the results of analysis, it is shown the more social capital is accumulated in the region, the more the environment governance is promoted by stimulating the cooperative action among people. Furthermore, it is revealed social capital stimulates the cooperative action and it is accumulated by the experience of cooperative action at the same time.

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The purpose of this study mainly uses the free answer that has been placed as a thing supplementing interpretation by fixed-quantity data conventionally, and it is to clarify the structure of the opinion by a Japanese morpheme. As a result of analysis, the opinion structure of the free answer showed that it consisted of the space that " urban area - suburbs " axis by the regional phenomenon and the " fine sight-ugly sight " axis by the river use phenomenon formed.

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Raising people's awareness of global warming has been highlighted for environmental education and enlightenment so far in order to improve personal efforts for prevention of global warming. This research, however, focused on images of global warming behind awareness and personal efforts. Questionnaire surveys before and after a workshop about global warming were conducted and we analyzed which images are connected with improvement of awareness and personal efforts and how to change these images. We revealed that images necessary for raising awareness and images necessary for increasing personal efforts are different.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of environmental knowledge, interest and behavioral intention in the prediction of pro-environmental behavior based on the social psychological perspective. A structural equation model is applied to estimate the effects of knowledge, interest, behavioral intention and cost evaluation to use the questionnaire data about 3R (i.e., reduce, reuse and recycling) and energy conservation from 500 residents in five cities. The proposed model demonstrates the importance of behavioral intention in the prediction of pro-environmental behavior and the behavioral intention decreases the cost-perception for pro-environmental behavior. The implications of the findings for promoting the behavioral intention are discussed.

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We proposed that individuals who are increasingly engaged in primarily active recreational activities that contribute to mental and physical health, such as reading of good books, exercising and listening to music, and who demonstrate increased experience of in-residence and self-supervision in utilizing PCs tend to display decreased techno-centered tendency and increased quality of life (QOL). We investigated techno-centered levels and QOL in university students studying information sciences using questionnaire surveys and analyzed the results using the covariance structure analysis. The results appeared to verify our hypothesis. Therefore, we conclude that the aforementioned activities and tendencies can be suggested as precautions for the techno-centered tendency and as measures to improve QOL.

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From a comparison of Article 9 of the Aarhus Convention and the related Japanese environmental laws, issues of Japanese public participation law systems will be examined. As the concept of the Aarhus Convention, environmental rights are recognized as citizens' rights to exercise democratic public participation. On the other hand, since environmental rights are emphasized as a duty for the government to manage environmental conservation, access to justice has a limited role in Japan. In order to make public participation system more citizen-centered, Japanese environmental law needs to recognize environmental rights and to apply wider standings.

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The 'manegerial' approach of compliance theory provides a useful model for analyzing the role of satellite Earth observation in assuring treaty implementation. Satellite Earth observation is an integral part of systematic observation required in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which is to be promoted under international cooperation. The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) is to serve as a tool for integrating satellite data into the treaty procedures. There is also potential for compliance monitoring by satellite data, although further studies are essential for developing a satellite Earth observation system that meets the institutional design based on treaty.

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One of the most contentious issues on the whaling debate is on the Japanese whaling operation under the article 8 of the whaling convention. This paper sheds light on the origin and application of this " scientific permit " article, inquiring whether this provision was abused by contracting governments or not, then delves into the context and motive of Japanese scientific whaling in the late 1970s.

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Environmental problems are becoming increasingly complex as the pollution resulting from daily life increases. This study examined the environment of the Sakawa River Basin, in western Kanagawa Prefecture, from several perspectives, including changes in water quality, awareness of residents, and state of environmental conservation activities. The analysis identified complex changes in water quality on a river basin scale. The awareness of residents and environmental conservation activities are not united in all regions. The water quality has improved, based on a chemical index, although its quality has worsened according to the residents. The main cause of this discrepancy is thought to be the fact that the residents' lives are no longer closely tied to the river. It is necessary to form a network among organizations and places and to consider the environment from multiple viewpoints.

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Recently, the through traffic prevails accompanying motorization of a street use in Japan. As the function for community formation is lost, a hot spring area is one of the main a town with good interregional exchange. However, the hot spring area is on the decline by disorderly development performed at a period of rapid economic growth, and people desire reproduction and activity. So this research studied spatial composition of the hot spring area based on physical component (street and building )which constitutes the streetscape, the data are collected focused on Ikaho hot spring area in Gunma. Through this study, it is clear many physical components conduce to oneness for spatial composition of the hot spring area, and percent of physical component have convergence region. While it is clear fell of the streetscape is established and overlap each other.

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Against the criticism to excessive maintenance, this study has tried to make it clear the subjects of repairing maintenance for degraded sites on mountain climbing trails. This case study was done on the decision process of the mountain climbing trail maintenance level of Daisetsuzan National Park. The study discussed concepts of the trail maintenance, elements to be considered in the decision process, and problems within the technology of construction. A procedure to assess reasonable validity of the process was as follows. 1) composition of the committee, 2) cause of the criticism of excessive maintenance and copings with it, 3) factors making damages and counter measures, 4) setting of the maintenance level of the mountain climbing trail, 5)route division and technical management. As a result, it is evaluated highly to have shown the procedure in terms of clarifying logical context of the procedure, introducing framework of visitor experience and judging based on scientific data.

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This research examines the Ozegahara wetlands in Oze National Park and provides a series of visual guest models to clarify the appropriate desirable number of visitors. This research also calculates the appropriate number of visitors to give the perception of a more open and less crowded park. These results were achieved by evaluating and identifying the relationships between the perceptions of crowdedness as based on visitor feedback of tour experiences with pictures illustrating the visual guest models. Results of the research showed that the desirable number of visitors could be represented with a visiting guest model of " 45 visitors " for cases of 2,600 and 3,300 visitors per day. To give the perception of a more open and less crowded park, a visiting guest model of " 96 visitors " in the case of 2,600 visitors per day, and that of " 74 visitors " in the case of 3,300 visitors per day was determined.

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In the present research, the authors attempted to describe the richness level of Natural Environment in Area of Daily Life (abbreviated as N.E.A.D.) of " Pre-formation " and " After-formation " in terms of the relation among 1)one's opportunities for interacting with Natural Environment, 2)one's concern degree to the Natural Environment, 3)one's nature-views, and 4)one's behavior to Natural Environment. The test subjects were divided into three groups according to the level of its scores, and comparative analysis was made for each index. As a result, a statistically significant relationship was found between N.E.A.D. and 1) or 4), but there was an unchanged trend in 2) and 3). From these findings, it became clear that opportunities for interacting with Natural Environment and behavior to it were directly related to N.E.A.D., but nature-views and the concern degree to Natural Environment were not directly.

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In this paper, we conducted a field experiment on a large park which is located on the north part of Awaji Island, central Japan, in order to verify effects of mulching of wood chips made from pruned braches and leaves on 39 cherry trees (Cerasus × Kanzakura 'kawazu-zakura'). 39 trees were divided into three groups: wood chips were laid around 14 trees after grass removed, sand was laid around 15 trees after grass removed, and 10 trees were treated as control. SPAD value, photosynthetic rates for tree growth, and soil temperature and moisture were measured from the beginning of August to the middle of November. As a result, the average of soil temperature of tress with wood chips was significantly lower than ones of trees with sand and control trees. The averages of soil moisture of trees with wood chips and sand were significantly higher than one of control trees. Also, trees with wood chips and sand had significant higher SPAD values than control. The photosynthesis rate of trees with wood chips was less reduced than the others. These results showed that the multing of wood chips could keep trees healthy, because of maintaining the soil temperature and moisture.

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This study aims to obtain fundamental data for the appropriate conservation and management of future forests by investigating the growth characteristics of trees which were planted about 30 years ago, using volume index and aspect ratio values as the indices based on their height data and basal area at breast height to each tree measured in August 2004 in a buffer greenbelt in Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture. As a result, the material volume index of Quercus glauca and Castanopsis cuspida in the high tall layer was more than 12 m³, and which proved that these species, consisting of the regional potential, showed a tendency to dominate. The growth of the sub-tree layer differed depending on the co-existing species in the high tall layer, and Myrica rubra showed a stable hierarchical structure with ,Quercus glauca.

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I considered an organization form of sustainable at play-park for the Gakikko-club who was active in a playground of Arimafuji Park. As a result, three points of the following became clear mainly. 1) Because they raised a vague slogan such as " Play in earnest " , many citizens with various thought were able to participate. 2) Because there is an end called the graduation to a student, the member changes every year. A result, always new way of thinking and activity are developed. 3) There is the member of society staff, the administration person, and park managers of Arimafuji Park as the system supporting the student.

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Recently, the difference of concepts between " Fukei " and " Keikan " in Japanese was reported in the Journal of Landscape Research. This showed the different understanding among different cultural backgrounds and linguistic spheres. Western researchers have focused on the different appreciation of landscapes among different human races and climatic conditions. So I examined Japanese books to find the definition of landscape phenomena using the key words of " Fukei " and " Keikan " . And I categorized them in terms of the ability of human beings to find the landscape, the relationship between human beings and landscape objects and the definition of landscape.

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The objective of this study is to compare evaluations of Chinese nationals and those of Koreans regarding the Changbai Waterfall view in China. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 63 Chinese nationals and 54 Koreans who were enjoying the view of Changbai Waterfall. The result showed that Changbai Waterfall is the second most significant viewpoint in Changbai Mountain and that the view is preferred in autumn over other seasons. Differences between the Chinese and the Koreans were detected in " influences of hiking trail " and " evaluations of favorite viewpoint " . According to the survey with the SD Method, differences were detected in " likeability of waterfall " , " feel of the rhythm of waterfall " , and " width of waterfall " .

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As the character of Chinese classical garden , Yi+jing can be mentioned. Yi+jing is the special substance of the Chinese culture.This paper is to analyze the sentence of the BianE & DuiLian written on the architectures of the garden, where the Yi+jing is expressed . Zhuozhengyuan is the object of research in order to clarify the relationship of the expression of yi+jing from the BianE and DuiLian & space .As the conclusion ,Yi+jing of Zhouzhengyuan is apt to the character of the poem and painting etc. has a close relationship with the space in the garden. The protection and the regeneration of Yi+jing of Zhuozhengyuan will get the suggestion from the conclusion.

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The " Bijing Bao " is the only well-reserved Bao as of a traditional civil dwelling colony in Pingyao County, China. As a heritage of ancestor's wisdom, it deserves respect and to be well studied. This research is initiated for culture succession, Bao's protection and future repair. By analyzing the classification and characteristics in regards to entrance arrangement, courtyard sections and symmetry, area scale, length-width ratio of courtyards in Bijing Bao's, the conclusion is that the entrance arrangement is flexible but different from traditional construction model in north China; the courtyards show a high symmetry feature, which complies with the characteristics of traditional construction in north China; the construction hierarchy represents an emphasized ranking distinction in planning originally; the larger the occupied area of the courtyards, the higher percentages of the courtyards positioned along the axis to south.

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Izu have attracted many people, from cultured down, with variety of its landscape and nostalgic atmosphere, and lots of literary works and records about Izu have been written. The aim of this research is to understand how people had recognized the landscape in Central-Izu by analyzing the descriptions of landscape in literary works about Central-Izu district in showa prewar era. It was found from the result that the elements consisting the landscape, four typical landscapes in Central-Izu district, and evaluation of the four typical landscapes.

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This study represents relation between artificial and natural environment in urban area. For the purpose of symbiosis with nature in urban, we make an analysis of landscape. It was attempted to verify that nature reflect credit on urban space, and to categorized natural object on river in urban area. We analyzed landscape elements with photograph based on greenery in the field of vision. As a result, the conflict between artificial and natural elements was verified and natural elements interfere with one another. It was concluded that people's impressions and meaning of natural elements have need to discuss for co-existing with nature.

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In this study, I paid my attention to intervention of the facilitator in a workshop in the making of a self-governing body and I showed the actual circumstances and examined the necessity of it. First of all, I added up a behavior of the facilitator for the meetings performed in Tennoji-ku, and then analyzed it. As a result, it was confirmed that there were five patterns as intervention of the facilitator. And effective intervention of the facilitator that seemed to me peculiar to a workshop became clear. And there was more intervention to guide a member than intervention to be able to deepen an argument as intervention of the facilitator who considered a characteristic of a workshop.

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Based on the questionnaire survey to the residents, this study has investigated the factors which could evaluate values of the art project; " ECHIGO-TSUMARI Art triennial " held as a extensive public project. It has been made clear that the factors, such as the positive feeling to the art work, the extend and the form of residents commitment, and the extend of trust in the community, affect the indexes; the striking up the acquaintances, the intensity of their interest in the festival, the positive change in the community, and the change of their impression to the festival caused by the placement of art works. Consequently, we have presented the effectiveness of the community development by art, which had little been examined using the quantitative evaluation, and the way to improve that effectiveness.

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China's government has conducted the " Grain for Green " project since 1999. To verify the effects of this project on farmers'economic conditions, we investigated rural villages in the suburbs of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province. This study sought to clarify the changes in land use, farmers' income and balance of demand and supply from 1998 to 2004. The investigation was carried out using a questionnaire submitted to village farmers. Investigation results indicated that cropland areas have decreased and forest areas have increased. Farmers' total income has increased because farmers cultivated orchards, raised cash crops, employed plastic greenhouses, and worked in town when they could not engage in agricultural activities. Human carrying capacity fulfilled the demand in 2004. After termination of the subsidy, however, a village with a subsidy exceeding 30 percent of income could not balance demand and supply.

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This study is aimed to clarify the effects and issues of Environmental Management System activities in high school. ISO14001 certified schools were selected for this study in Tokyo. The hearing survey against managers of EMS work and the questionnaire researches to students were carried out. The results were as follows. 1) EMS activities were effective against the improvement student's and teacher's knowledge and behavior for school environment. 2) Teachers and staff managed EMS activities had many loads of care for the improvement activities, for corroborations with other teachers and staff ant the budgetary appropriation for ISO14001 certification. It is necessary to solve the above issues for the good practice of promotion of EMS activities.

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In order to clarify some reasons why institutionalization of environmental education in the world it does not yet advance, a participation observation was conducted and obstacles appearing in the developing process of environmental education policy was descries and analyzes in this paper. A case of Sabah State Government, Malaysia, and its trial process of environmental education policy development was picking up. Result of the analysis shows that there are several concrete obstacles in the process, such as executive's consciousness to maintain the authority of the bureau, complicated dispersion, the difficulty of accomplishing the agreement formation of the administration authority, and low general interest to the environmental education policy.

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The purpose of this study was to produce a soil amendment with marine wastes (shell, seaweeds) and bark compost for neutralizing acid soil. And, it was to evaluate the usefulness of it by a revegetation experiment. At first, it was cleared that 1g of granulated oyster shell(2-5 mm) neutralized about 15 ml of 1% diluted sulfuric acid. In bath test, it was found that the mixture proportion of the oyster shell, bark compost and Akamoku (seaweed), Sargassum horneri, (5:5:1) are effective in neutralization of acid water. Similarly, the mixture proportion with Kombu, Laminaria sp., or Wakame, Undaria sp., was 3:4:1. In column test, the duration of neutralization for mixture of marine wastes and bark compost was about 3 times longer than its for oyster shell. Furthermore, it was not inhibited with 3 materials for plant growth.

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Investigation of internal production control by sediment treatment was conducted using experimental mesocosm system. As results, it was made clear that 1) conversion rate from N,P to COD indicated the limiting factor to internal production is controlled by seasonal change and cultivation period, 2) DAF+MgO treatment promotes internal production and DAF+CaO treatment is most effective to decrease internal production, and 3) all sediment treatment technology indicated different succession of conversion rate from Lake Tega and some effect to natural ecosystem is suggested.

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We investigated water balance and water chemistry of Miyajimanuma Pool located in Ishikari Peatland of northern Japan. The surrounding area was predominated by agricultural land use. Results showed that surface water level at pool dropped down remarkably from the end of irrigation period to the beginning of non-irrigation period. This was caused by control of a floodgate. Water budget analysis indicated that amounts of inflow and outflow water through canals dominated. Pool water concentrations of dissolved total nitrogen, dissolved total phosphorus, and electric conductivity were similar to those of inflow water through canals. It was suggested that pool water chemistry was affected by the inflow water through canals. Consequently, it was considered that present hydrochemistry condition was affected by water management for agricultural-use.

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An artificial algal bed of carbon fibers floating on the water surface is a natural purification system using the biological purification capability of a lake. The amount of sludge adhered to carbon fibers was 34.3 times the carbon fibers' absorbed amount. The water purification performance of sludge adhered to the carbon fibers was investigated using a laboratory-scale batch aeration tank. Lake water was passed through the circulation tank situated in the shore of Lake Onuma. Results show that the attached biofilm of carbon fibers' sludge are effective in removing pollutants from water. Under optimum conditions, the treated water amount during the experimental period was calculated as 480L•kg-S^-1-day^-1 , with retention time of 4.3h. The rate of particulate matter removal was 196 mg•kg-S^-1-day^-1, the COD rate was 98.4 mg•kg-S^-1-day^-1. An algal attraction effect by the nutrients of algae was recognized: nutrients adhered on carbon fiber were absorbed by the sludge, thereby clarifying the water.

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This research considers the effective use of the sewage sludge whose quality has changed by electrolytic treatment as a sewage deodorizer. The demonstration experiment was implemented at a sewage sludge compost plant for the purpose of the practical use of electrolytically treated sewage sludge. In the experiment, some sample was adjusted to low-concentrated odor, and afterwards to high-concentrated odor. This method led to the high deodorizing effect of the sample even when it was exposed to the original odor. This result shows that, although the deodorizing bacteria in the sewage sludge met limitation since the optimum environment for the bacteria was destroyed with the highly-concentrated original odor, this deodorizing method is practically useful in that when sample is regularly replaced by newly-adjusted one, more continuous deodorization should be possible and the ways of sewage sludge use should be varied without cost problems.

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Removal of nutrient is important in water purification. Different purification methods have already been developed and in practice. However, problems derived from the use of artificial materials in purification system such as cost, recycling and disposal remain unsolved. Nitrate removal ability of paddy straw has also been reported by the researchers. Considering its effect on environment and to find out the most suitable way of application, the authors carried out a series of experiments using paddy straw mixed with charcoal, pumice stone and zeolite, and investigated their abilities as water purifiers. From the results, all of the items had showed the removal of nitrate and ammonium to some extent. In specific, the removal ratios of total nitrogen were increased from 67% to 92%, -6% to 51%, and 41% to 94% for charcoal, pumice stone, and zeolite, respectively.

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Effects of bamboo charcoal buried in soil and management of agricultural chemicals reduction and organic fertilizer manuring on soil microbial biomass and growth of bent grass were traced on the rooftop garden in Hiroshima University through a year. The soil microbial biomass, which was detected by the method of lipid phosphate extraction, increased significantly by buried charcoal or the reduction of chemicals & manuring of organic fertilizer, and strongly by synergism of both factors. The same effect as on soil microbial biomass was also observed on the growth of bent grass without any obverse blight of it .

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As soil erodibility greatly depends upon the condition of the soil and land, this research investigates the relationship between soil erosion and soil structure. Experiments were carried out using soils collected from three different types of agricultural lands, namely tilled land (land plowed regularly)., fallow land (left fallow for about six months), and left-fallow land (not plowed for about 10 years). Each soil sample was investigated for its organic matter content and underwent a three-phase distribution and aggregate analysis of soil particles. In each case, soil erosion was measured. The result showed that soil from the fallow land had suffered the least erosion. The result recommends that maintaining minumum tillage practices in fallow condions could be more effective from the standpoint of soil conservation rather than regular tillage practices as in the case of the tilled land.

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To examine the environmental composition of landscape matrix in urban fringe upland and hill areas, matrix segments were extracted and classified, by using multi-resolution segmentation of object-based image analysis. Then, the nestedness of landscape elements in matrix segment types were analyzed based on their composition in segments. As a result, the matrix types which were occurred by the urbanization including former agricultural environments, such as secondary forests and grasslands, have high tendency of landscape nestedness, and it was assumed that there exist the changing pattern of landscape nestedness along the environmental gradient from urban areas to surrounding agricultural suburban areas.

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These days, multiple forest functions are being revaluated. The acquisition and accumulation of forest data needed for their evaluations have progressed with developing GIS. However, it is difficult to obtain shrub layer data such as coverage and biodiversity through satellite or aerial photographs. In this study, we classified Cryptomeria japonica plantations by tree crown diameters and densities acquired from analyses of aerial photographs, and made up the frequency distribution table. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between the aerial photographs analysis data and the field survey data were obtained from the sample plot in the divisions of the table. As the result, we found especially significant to diameter breast height(DBH) and shrub layer vegetation cover ratio, and conducted a multiple regression analysis of the data, and got the equation of regression. By applying this to the study area, we estimated DBH and shrub layer vegetation cover ratio, and verified the accuracy.

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This Study, as a basis for analyzing the potentialities of ecological connectivity re-formation in Tama area, aims at the data analysis for the clarifying the change in green space during the last few decades and its actual state of continuality. We used GIS for the analysis of land use based on the maps of 1 to 25,000 prepared by the Geographical Survey Institute. We found that the ecological connectivity re-formation may be impossible with the actually existed green space only in Tama area, but may be possible with the addition of large open spaces including housing compounds, industrial areas, and public spaces.

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This paper aims to investigate the spatial distribution and the factors of the farmland diversion for parking field or dump-site using GIS and statistical analysis. The results are described as follows: 1) These type of farmland diversion has increased since 2000 in the urbanization control area in the suburb. 2) It is shown that there are different types of special distribution between the farmland diversion and the cultivation abandonment. 3) This phenomenon is caused by agricultural and urbanized factors especially intensive horticulture.

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Soil moisture is an important information for agricultural fields in which erosion of upper soil layers depends upon the soil moisture and in which the yield depends on soil water contents. This study is intended to estimate soil moisture in bare soil fields using ALOS/PALSAR data. Over bare soil the backscattering coefficient which is obtained using PALSAR depends on surface roughness besides soil moisture. The cross-polarized ratio which has a high correlation with roughness can be calculated with PALSAR/Polarimetric mode data. In order to consider the influence of roughness on backscattering, the cross-polarized ratio was used as an index of roughness. The model developed in this study can estimate volumetric soil moisture (an index of soil moisture) with RMSE of 3.0% for soil moisture.

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This study aims mainly to establish appropriate evaluation method and system for Terra/MODIS and Aqua/MODIS data to monitor corresponding macroscopic ocean environment. To obtain accurate results of ocean color or water quality, especially Chlorophyll-a, using these satellite data, establishment and install of specific radiometric correctional algorithm and a proven empirical algorithm into our system. As results : 1) two algorithms to convert or correct satellite original set radiometrically and geographically were created and proven, 2) a new image processing system that can effectively cope with archiving large quantities of time-series chlorophyll-a concentration data using Terra-Aqua/MODIS data for monitoring adjacent water area surrounding this country has been established successfully.

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In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, west part of China, there are serious land degradations caused by overgrazing and climatic change, and mapping the influence is urgently needed. This study proposes method for estimation of influence by grazing activities on grassland with 16-day dataset derived from MODIS satellite imagery and meteorological observation dataset. The result of application on Maduo-Xian in Qnghai province shows estimated influence is correspond to actual condition recognized with field study, and degraded land, grazed land and conserved land are discriminated with the estimation. In addition, the period of grazing at grazing land for summer or winter is estimated with time series profile of the estimation. The method is expected to be developed for observation on conditions of grazing land.

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