The ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus, is a vector of Japanese oak wilt, which causes massive mortality of oak trees in Japan. Some mid-resolution multispectral images such as ALOS/AVNIR-2 true color images can be used to help detect areas of oak wilt, although such detection by inventory surveys is not realistic. Furthermore, high resolution images may be more useful for this purpose. Applying pan-sharpening techniques, a higher spatial resolution multispectral image can be generated from lower-resolution multispectral images and higher-resolution panchromatic images. In this study, pan-sharpened image was generated using the Brovey transformation and evaluated for the detection of damage points. The detection rate of the pan-sharpened image was 1.36 times higher than that of the 62.5 m multispectral image.

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This study aims to clarify the factors influencing the voluntary participation of local citizens in the control of an invasive alien species, namely Ludwigia grandiflora ssp. grandiflora. Data were collected via questionnaires distributed to the members of a nonprofit organization located close to Lake Biwa, Japan, in July 2013. Data analysis revealed that voluntary participation in the control of the invasive species was influenced not by the respondent’s abstract knowledge of biodiversity, but rather by his or her specific knowledge of the species. The voluntary participation may increase, if the respondent aims to exterminate the species. Moreover, the respondent who was not habituated to solving imminent environment issues did not participate in the activity. In addition, the distance between the respondents’ residents to the location of the activity inversely affected their participation.

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The paper analyzed the effectiveness of the number of public involvement stages, alternatives and impacts, on the quality of environmental assessment reports (EARs). The Lee-Colley review package was used to review the quality of EARs. It acknowledged the effectiveness of the number of impacts on the quality of EARs. It could be considered adequate that the number of public involvement stages was two; the number of alternatives was five; and the number of impacts was more than nine to get EARs to indicate good quality. Finally the paper indicated the effectiveness of public involvement and comparison of alternatives with a wide range of impacts.

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Since farmlands in urban areas help create and maintain a good urban landscape and can be used for multiple purposes, it is necessary to preserve them. Meanwhile, in order to further farmland preservation, the understanding and consensus of neighboring people are necessary, but increasing public awareness related to farmland preservation is facing challenges. In this study, we conducted a survey of residents of Takaishi City, Osaka Prefecture, which has seen a decrease in farmlands in urbanization promotion areas, and found that residents’ experiences of allotment gardening were associated with an awareness of farmland preservation. Using allotment gardens as one measure towards active preservation of farmlands in urban areas provides residents not only with opportunities to engage in farming, but also positively influences public awareness toward farmland preservation. Given that fact, we considered possible measures for preserving farmlands in urban areas for the future.

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In this study, we investigated the stage of self-government of the regional autonomous organization called the district council. And we studied thirteen councils in Sayo town, Hyogo. The stage of each council was estimated by activities which written in the plan and currently carried out. As a result, compared with the stage which written in the plan, there was a difference remarkable in the stage which currently carried out between councils. And the result of the interview survey to the center director of each council, it was suggested that such a difference arose because local residents could not be adapted for uniform organization establishment, or the support system was insufficient. Finally, we considered the support according to the stage and the directivity which each council should aim at.

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This paper explores the transition of planning policy for the management of open spaces in UK between 1995 and 2000. The promotion of creating Open Spaces Strategy, enabling services by CABE Spaces, the establishing review systems of open space management, and the professional education were conducted to improve open space management under the Best Value system in UK. To progress the Best Value system in public services, it is important to consider the system to collect knowledge, technique and information about the management and then to provide them to local authorities to support their implementations.

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The purpose of this study is 1)to grasp the attributes, behavior and consciousness on the visitor center (VC) use of visitors to Oze National Park and 2)to suggest for the growth of use of VC based on the relationship between the attributes of visitors and the VC use and rest behavior. Questionnaire surveys were conducted around two VC in the park in a blooming season of skunk cabbage and a season of autumn leaves. As a result, the attributes of visitors had wide range of age groups including many 50-60s and 30-40% were 1st time visitors. Higher proportion of visitors passed through Yamanohana VC than Ozenuma VC. On the other hand, the rests and midday meal were taken around Ozenuma VC. Finally, suggestions for the growth of use of VC were offered based on the results of the study.

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This study examines the scenery images of Korean Changdeok Palace garden evoked from poem “Sangrimshipkyeong”. The landscape images elicited from “Sangrimshipkyeong” are expressed in poems. It can be seen that the phrases depict the landscape, and the symbolic meanings reflected in the phrases relate directly or indirectly to each other. It indicates that similar monotonous landscape images are staged in the poems evoking strong seasonal senses. While other ambient (brought by the contrast compositions) sceneries are staged in the poems which reflect social stability and welfare. Furthermore, based on the stable compositions, the profound sceneries are performed in the poems which are reflected fairy thoughts.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preferences for logical thinking and exercising with partners were suppression factors for a new type of depressive tendency associated with exposure to a techno-centered tendency in the informational environment. Data from questionnaire surveys of university students in information sciences were analyzed by structural equation modeling. A lower incidence of the new type of depressive tendency was seen in both those with a tendency toward logical thinking and those with a preference for exercising with partners than in those with a preference for exercising alone. In order to prevent this new type of depressive tendency in the current information society, preferences for both exercising with partners and logical thinking should be encouraged, and the techno-centered tendency should be reduced by promoting a preference for exercising with partners.

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To clarify how to recognize environmental states, I conducted a questionnaire survey to residents in rural area in this study.As a result, I suggest there is a possibility to make a misjudgment using heuristics to reduce the cognitive load when evaluating unclear environmental status. It is necessary to induce people to the appropriate environmental recognition and understand the use of heuristics to environmental recognition.

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In this study, we attempted to identify features of sightseeing tours in early modern Kyoto by using “Keijoushouran”, one of the first tourist guidebooks to record sightseeing routes. We examined the 17-day itinerary of Kyoto in the guidebook and from the text, extracted and analyzed information on the sightseeing areas and their order. The study found that the characteristics of the sightseeing tours were highly diversified and divided into four categories: tours around an area where many sightseeing spots are within a short distance of each other, tours around an area where few sightseeing spots are within a medium distance of each other but tourists can enjoy the tranquil atmosphere around the spots, tours around a large area where few sightseeing spots are sparsely located but tourists can enjoy the surrounding natural scenic beauty, and circular tours where many sightseeing spots are located far away from each other.

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This paper studies on the significance for tourism of Kiritoshi from analyze 17 travelogues of early modern Kamakura. Therefore, we extracted 11 Kiritoshi, seven of which were famous resource of “Kamakura nana Kuchi”. Moreover, Kiritoshi were analyzed by 4 classifications from their ; their landscape descriptions, and 3 tourism values(history, boundary and approach)from tourists recognition. As results, tourism values of approach were common of all Kiritoshi, and history were confirmed in central Kamakura mainly, and then boundary was characterized with their narrowness and steepness by edges, such as in Asahina-Kiritoshi and Nagoe-Kiritoshi.

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The purposes of this study were to develop a ROS (Restorative Outcome Scale) Japanese edition (ROS-J), in order to investigate the psychological restorative effect (PRE) by the natural environment and to verify its validity and reliability, and to investigate the PRE of forest bathing in both secondary circumstance and short time for developing an easier stress reduction on our daily life. For the development of ROS-J, the two experiments (exp.1 and exp.2) were conducted by using total 357 (the number of valid response; 330) subjects. Also for verification of the PRE in off-site forest bathing, by using the ROS-J, further analysis was carried out by using the exp.1’s data consisted of total 312 (the number of valid response; 285) subjects. As a result, the both validity and reliability of ROS-J were confirmed. On the other hand, even though virtual forest environment in off-site reproduced by video and sound easily, it was clarified that the PRE could be expected to a considerable extent by the ROS-J.

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In the present study, relationships between resident sleep disorders and outdoor meteorological conditions were investigated using resident questionnaire data of the 23 wards of Tokyo in the 2007 summer. The daily sleep disorder rate (SLD) correlated with the nighttime outdoor minimum temperature (Tmin), and increased under exceeding Tmin of 25℃. The SLD and Tmin at a coastal region were lower than those of urban and inland regions in the 23 wards. The Heat Index (HI), which represents human feeling temperature, was preferred to be properly sleep disorder indicator of the thermal indices. Nights with widening gap between the HI and air temperature remarkably increased the SLD.

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In order to select the effective technique as adaptation for urban heat island, we had measured the thermal environment of street space of Hirakata-City and Takatsuki-City in summer. From the results of measurement, thermal comfort index SET* of street space of those areas was higher than 35℃, and it is necessary to promote adaptation method from a viewpoint of the risk of heat stroke and use of the space. Then, it was inquired effective techniques as adaptation method, by the factors to make thermal environment which were obtained by measurement. At the experimental application of adaptation techniques, it is suggested a possibility to improve thermal environment of the street spaces.

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In this study, the fixed point observation of surface air temperature was carried out during the summer in Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture. Furthermore, diurnal variation patterns of the heat island intensity were extracted from observed data by a multivariate analysis. As a result, the daily maximum of heat island intensity appeared in the daytime (about 4℃) when suburban stations were selected in the paddy field, but in the nighttime (about 3℃)in the case of the forest area. This suggests that the selection of suburb stations can have a strong influence on the interpretation of heat island intensity. In addition, the component referred to the inhomogeneity of diurnal temperature variation in the suburbs was obtained by principal component analysis. Therefore, it became clear that the diurnal variation of the heat island intensity in Kumagaya City greatly depends on the land cover status.

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This paper proposes a prediction method of cold air drainage flow into Kisaichi area in Katano City. Meteorological conditions when the cold air drainage flow occurs from Ikoma mountain district are observed by using an ultrasonic anemometer in order to calculate the intensity of turbulence. As a result, it is made clear that both the wind conditions on a regional scale and radiation conditions affect the cold air drainage flow. Finally this paper shows that the nonlinear discrimination method by using Maharanobis distance is able to discriminate 4 kinds of situation of the cold air drainage flow targeting 184 days-data in 2012 and 2013 with about 60% probability.

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Data about Act on the Rational Use of Energy, statistics about regional cargo flow, and distribution census data were collected, and actual data from freight companies obtained from previous studies was used to calculate the potential decrease in CO₂ emissions that would occur if major shippers made a modal shift. The potential for the studied major shippers to decrease their CO₂ emissions during shipping by roughly 25% was assessed, and regions in which it would be easy to make a modal shift were analyzed. In addition, results of previous studies were combined with the results of this study to calculate the potential decrease in CO₂ emissions that would occur if multiple transport sectors simultaneously implemented measures to counter climate change, and the results were examined.

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This paper deals with the renewal of the Green Space Agreement from the viewpoint of sustainable community management for green spaces. Nationwide questionnaires to municipalities which have approved the agreements were conducted to grasp actual conditions of the renewal and invalidation of the agreements, and measure to keep and renew the agreements. Conclusions are as follows: 1) Few municipalities have intention to renew agreements positively. 2) But, almost 70% of municipalities guide to include an automatic renewal article in agreements. 3) Some municipalities carry out measures such as notifying the end of validated period in advance, simplifying documents and procedure of renewal to promote renewal of agreements. 4) And other measures of the limit of 30 years for validity duration which is prescribed by the City Green Act, and transfer from an agreement to a district planning system or similar system based on an ordinance are analyzed.

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EIA has been effective in mitigating the impacts of development projects which cause loss of green space. The aim of this paper is to discover the actual implementation of EIA for development projects on green space and characteristics of those projects. A questionnaire survey of local governments for EIA in development projects on green space in these 5 years was conducted. 88 cases were collected and 3 points were revealed. First, total development area was 4,926 ha, and half of the 88 cases were classified as development projects of road constructions, waste disposal facilities and industrial land. Second, a moderate correlation was observed between the number of development projects and scale requirements determined by EIA ordinances of those prefectures. Third, projects in 60 cases were carried out by highly public organizations.

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This research analyzed the needs of rural communities in order to make them compatible with the CSR activity of the company. From the questionnaire results of the representatives of 149 rural areas in Ishikawa, useful information regarding the qualitative and spatial distribution of needs of rural communities was found. It was clarified from the data collected that rural communities have various reasons to cooperate with a company, and that the general perception is that areas where positive intentions of companies spread throughout the prefecture, whereas other areas where companies show negative intent are concentrated in depopulated districts.

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The authors grasped the actual condition of a canal use and examined the problem through the hearing investigation to administrator and council in 5 areas of the Canal Renaissance Project on deregulation towards canal use in the Tokyo Seaside. As a result, the authors grasped developing the original canal enterprise, although business structure and enforcement situation differs for every area. However, the authors clarified present condition that the entrepreneur was restrictive by Business enforcement based on council through the actual condition of relationship of the "administrator-council-entrepreneur" of 5 areas. And the authors clarified that construction of the management organization towards continuous business enforcement and new business entry is insufficient of the management base about entrepreneur's fund reservation and utility usage was not improved.

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