It is apparent that the postoperative course i n patients with cancer of the uterine cervix is much influenced by such factors as the skill of the operator, the extension of the infiltration of cancer or by the existence of the metastasis in lymph nodes but also thereby the problem of the postoperative infection of the urinary tract can never be overlooked, while tRe infection is of quite different character, occurring under different circumstances in comparison to the infection complicated in other ordinary gynecologic operation and with the infection once clinically manifested, the postoperative course is much influenced to the worse, unrelated to the success of the operation itself and it is not seldom that the patients turn to succumb to the hardly suppressible manifested infection of the urinary tract.
The author made the bacteriologic examinations of the urinary specimens in patients treated with ordinary gynecologic operation as well as in cases of cancer of the cervix pre-and postoperatively. Furthermore, the clinically manifested cases of the urinary tract infection were compared with non manifested cases, clinically and bacteriologically, and also the correlations between the finedings of preand postoperative intravenous pyelography and the urinary tract infection were investigated. The renal findings in the postmorten examination in 5 years in the author's clinic were reported.

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About 500 strains of S: aureus isolated in 1965 were examined for drug resistance and phage type and their results were compared with those obtained before. The isolation frequency of the strains resistant to sulfanilamide (SA), streptomycin (SM) and tetracycline (TC) was almost the same as before, including 95% SA resistance, 25% SM resistance, and 37% TC resistance. But the isolation frequency of penicillin (PC) resistant strains decreased slightly.
The strains resistant to macrolide antibiotics (erythromy cin, oleandomycin, and leucomycin) and to chloramphenicol (CM) showed an increasing tendency in isolation. Most of the strains, resistant to any of macrolide antibiotics, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and dimethoxyphenyl penicillin, were found to be also resistant to four drugs, SA, PC, SM and TC. It seems to mean that the multiple-resistant strains, with reference to aforementioned four drugs, have a tendency to acquire easily the resistance to newly introduced drugs. In contrast, most of the strains resistant to novobiocin (NB) could not be found in multiple-resistant strains, but in single SA resistant strains.
This survey has also disclosed that 60% of the isolates belong either to the Group 1(including phage type 81) or to the nontypable Group.

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Among the seven chloramphenicol families the thiophenicol is known as a drug which is the most active one in vitro, while the original chloramphenicol may be inactivated through glucuronizing, hydrolysis or NO₂ reduction into NH₂ after oral or parenteral administration. The present paper concerns to our clinical and clinicolaboratory investigations on the oral thiophenicol And intramuscular thiophenicol glycinate.
Oral and intramuscular thiophe nicols seemed to be absorped more rapidly than chloramphenicol and their levels and duration of serum concentration were notably surpassing to those of the latter. Urinary excretion and tissues-concentrations were also excellent.
Antibiotic effects against Staphylococci, Esche rchia coli and Pseudomonas in surgical fields were, on the other hand, fell a little short of those of original chloramphenicol.
Nevertheless clinical responses of 10 surgical infections to the thiophenicol were excellent and 77. 8% of cases cured.

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With the clinical examination on the effects of oral use or intramuscular injection of thiophenicol (TP) and thiophenicol glycinate (TP-G) to newborns and children, results were obtained as follows. 1) Intramuscular injection of TP to newborns brought higher and more durated concentra tion of peak in blood in comparison to CP and much amount of it was excreted through urine in active form. 2) Intramuscular or intraveneous administration to school age children also resulted similar effect as above.
3 ) No undesirable effect on blood or liver function was observed after intramuscular injection of 30-, 50 mg per kg to newborn or before the 5 th day after birth.
4) Durated oral administration was carried out to schoo l age children with dose of 1∼2 g/day for 10 days. No bad effect on blood and liver function was observed.
5) TP or TP-G was administered to 81 patients of va rious infectious diseases orally, intramuscularly or intravenously. 90% of those cases showed good clinical results.

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A new chloramphenicol(CP) derivative, pantofenicol(PF), which was synthesized from CP and calcium pantotenate, has been introduced as a substance which has lower toxicity to erythropoesis than CP. Several experiments were performed about PF comparing with CP and the following results were obtained.
I. In the sensitivity test against various pathogens, PF and CP were considered to have an almost equal effect each other. Cross resistance between both agents was complete, and no bactericidal action was observed.
2. Adsorption to red blood corpuscle was considerable degree.
3. Inactivation by mice liver homogenates was strongly brought about both drugs.
4. By dialysis through cellophane bag, serum protein binding rate was as ma ny as 9 to 16%.
5. Organ level determination following oral administration showed inferior in case of PF. After intramuscular injection, the level was similar on both drugs.
6. The effect of both drugs on experimental staphyloc occal infection causing subcutaneous abscess was compared, CP showing somewhat superior effect than PF.
7. The cross over test showed sernm peak level after or al administration was higher in PF, and the duration of level was the similar fashion, Urinary excretion showed no special tendency.
8. In patients receiving PF per os, serum level was sustained in range from 1 to 5 mcg/ml. Urinary excretion rate was as many as 3 to 8% in 24 hours. Stool level was ranged 20 to 50 mcg/g, but occasionally there was no detectable level in specimens.

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Chloramphenicol suspension (Chloromycetin Sol Intramuscular), a newly introduced preparation of chloramphenicol, was used in the treatment of 8 cases with acute infectious diseases, consisting of 4 colitis, 2 infectious cholelithiasis, 1 necrotic tonsilitis and 1 dysentery. It affected, in general, very favorably the course of the disease, and it was found to be equal in its effectiveness to chloramphenicol intramuscular (lyophilized vial). No side effects were observed, except moderate local pain on the injected site.

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1) In vitro antimicrobial activities of bis(2-pyridyl-N-oxide)-disulfide (PODS) on gram positive and negative bacteria, various fungi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Trichomonas vaginalis, were tested. As the results, the growth of these microorganisms were inhibited by low concentrations ( 0. 2 ? 6, 25 mcg/ml) of PODS.
2) Phenol coef ficients of PODS were 34 on Staphylococcus aureus 209 P and 3. 4 on Salmonella typhosa H 9 01W.
3) Acute toxicities (LD50) of PODS in mice showed 382 mg/kg (p. o. ) and 49 mg/kg(i. p. ).
4) In the case of subcutaneous administration (20 m g/kg) of PODS in mice infected with Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, the therapeutic effects were not shown. As the reason, it is speculated that PODS is easily inactivated by enzyme in animal organs.
But dermatomycosis of guinea pigs was cured d y applying of 1% PODS solution once a day for 9 days.

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In vitro antibacterial activities of 171 nitrofur an compounds having various chemical structures (acid hydrazone type, heterocyclic vinyl type, SCHIFF's base type, hydrazone type, acid amide type, oxime type and the other types) were tested.
It was found that many of com pounds in the heterocyclic vinyl type exhibited the outstanding activity. The relationship between structure and activity of this type was discussed in detail and fo llowing results were generally shown.
1) The 5-nitrofuryl ring was essential for the activity.
2) In compounds with heterocycles containing n itrogen, N-oxide compounds were more or same active than the corresponding compounds while ammonium salt compounds were less.
3) Substitution in the 1-position of the vinyl chain reduced the activity.
4) Substitution of an amino group in heterocycles increased the ac tivity while that of an acetylamino group decreased it.
5) Benzheterocy cle compouds were less active than the corresponding heterocycle compounds except for quinoline and benzimidazole compounds.

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in vitro antituberculr activities of 171 nitrofur an compounds having various chemical structures were tested.
It was discovered that heterocyclic vinyl compounds exhibited the superior activity.
The relationship between structure and activity of these compounds was discussed in detail and. following results were generally shown.
1) The 5-nitrofuryl ring was essential for the activity.
2) N-oxide derivatives retained the same activity compared with the corresponding compounds.
3) Substitution in the 1-position of the vinyl chain reduced the activity.
4) Acetylation of an amino group in heterocycles reduced the activity.

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Minimal inhibitory concentration of kasugamycin were determined on various gram negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections by plate dilution method. Of 67, 34 strains were inhibited with -KSM at the concentration below 250 mcg/ml and the remaining 500 mcg/ml or more. Seven strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance more than 125 mcg/ml.
We employed kasugamycin in 19 cases of stubborn urinary tract infections chiefly affected by Pseudomonas. Kasugamycin sulfate was intramuscularly given in daily dosis of 2. 0 g at intervals of 12 hours to most in-patients and 1. 0 g to out-patients. After 3 to 7 days duration of the treatment, 7 cases of acute infections, including 5 cases by Pseudomonas, were successfully controlled, but the remaining chronic infections could not be cured by these treatment.
In addition to temporary severe pain on injected part, some untoward effects on gastrointestinal system were noticed in 8 cases during or after administrations; anorexia, epigastric discomfort in 6, nausea and vomiting in 2 cases.
In a patient suffered from severe renal dysfunction, poor hearing developed and the audiogram detected labrinthine deafness.
Further laboratory and clinical experiences are necessary for critical evaluation of this drug.

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Recently we got aminosidin, a new antibiotic, produced from Streptomyces chrestomiceticus in 1959. We have tried some fundamental investigations about its blood levels, excretory quantities in urine, organ levels in mice and others according to intramuscular administration, and knew that high average in blood and kidney was obtained after one hour for intramuscular injection. As the result, we believed that aminosidin is one of the most adequate antibiotics for urological infectious diseases.
On the clinical application, we used the drug for gonococcal urethritis, non gonococcal urethritis, cystitis, and pyelonephritis, administering 1, 000 mg every day for 2∼20 days. Healings rate was 63. 6 %, and we had no dangerous side effects.

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The antiviral spectrum of antivirin, a new antiviral inhibitor produced from cultured cell lines in the absence of such Interferon inducers as viral infection, foreign nucleic acid, bacterial endotoxin and pol ysaccharides like Statolon was investigated. Antivirin was inhibitory on the intracellular multiplication of polio (types 1, 2 and 3), echo-28, rhino, vaccinia and adeno viruses. The site of action of antivirin was considered to be the inhibition of the replicative step of the intracellular multiplication. of susceptable viruses.

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Antivirin can be produced from many types of cells, either of stable cell-lines or of primary cultured c0ells. The antiviral effect of Antivirin can be clearly observed when an inoculum size of m. v. i. of 0.3∼0.05 susceptable virus is employed. The minimum inhibitory dose of Antivirin is 6. 25 mcgiml as protein content. As the decrease extracellular viral amount of the group treated by Antivirin is clearly the reflection of the inhibition of intracellular viral multiplication, the routine assay of Antivirin activity may be performed by the determination of the decrease of extracellular viral amount.

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By using the ammonium sulfate fractionation method, the activity of Antivirin was found to be in the, 62% saturated fraction and the inprecipitable fraction. The antiviral activity of the former fractio n was not inactivated by the enzyme-digestion such as trypsin, RNase and DNase. Antivirin-activity was very stable in the range of 2∼10 of pH and was not inactivated by heating at 100°C for 60 minutes. The activity of Antivirin was not inactivated by the treatment of periodate and of ultraviolet irradiation, too.

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