CHEMOTHERAPY
Online ISSN : 1884-5894
Print ISSN : 0009-3165
ISSN-L : 0009-3165
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Volume 40, Issue 7
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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  • Glucocorticoid effects on the uptake of antibiotics by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
    Futoshi Higa
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 857-863
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.857
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The effects of glucocorticoids on the uptake of 8 antibiotics by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and the subsequent bactericidal activity of PMNs with 5 of the antibiotics, were examined. The experiments demonstrated that a synthetic glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone at a concentration of more than 50mg/ml, inhibited the uptake of clindamycin, erythromycin and josamycin, but didn't inhibit the uptake of rifampicin, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol and rokitamycin. The bactericidal activity of PMNs with or without antibiotics was also affected by the presence of methylprednisolone.
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  • Antitumor activity of the novel derivatives of fluoropyrimidine with organosilicone compounds
    Haruhisa Fujita, Toshiharu Sakurai, Masayasu Kurono, Yoshiko Seto
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 864-869
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.864
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    The new fluoropyrimidine-derivatives with organosilicone compounds were synthesized and their antitumor effects were evaluated against mouse leukemia. N-{2-[[2-(n-Butyl-dimethylsilyl) ethyl] thio] ethyl}-5-fluoro-3, 4-dihydro-2, 4-dioxo-1 (2 H)-pyrimidinecarboxyamide (SDK-12 B-8), N-{3-[[2-Isopropyl-dimethylsilypethyl] thio] propyl}-5-fluoro-3, 4-dihydro-2, 4-dioxo-1 (2 H)-pyrimidinecarboxamide (SDK-12 B-13) and N-{3-[[3-(Trimethylsilyl)-propyl]thio]propy1}-5-fluoro-3, 4-dihydro-2, 4-dioxo-1 (2 H)-pyrimidine-carboxamide (SDK-12 B-14) showed potent antitumor effect by oral administration against L-1210 and P-388 leukemia. The therapeutic ratios were 7.7, 5.1 and 2.7 for SDK-12 B-8, SDK-12 B-13 and SDK-12 B-14 against L-1210, on the other hand, their ratios against P-388 were 5.5, 4.0 and 4.7 for SDK-12 B-8, SDK-12 B-13 and SDK-12 B-14, respectively.
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  • New rapid drug susceptibility tests based on microorganism enzyme activity
    Part: 2 Examination of resazurin coloration method using 10 antibiotics
    Hideyuki Karuyama
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 870-878
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.870
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    The resazurin coloration method was further investigated to elucidate the enzyme activity as ameasure of drug effect, and the relationship between coloration and the conventional MIC value.Using the same inoculum size as that used for an autobacterial-analyzer (Cobas-bact, ms-2), 10 antibiotic drugs were studied using 5 ATCC standard strains, and the results obtained were asfollows:
    1) A high sensitivity with no lag time was obtained for a 3.0×106CFU/ml inoculum size.Therefore, resazurin color reaction was monitored immediately.
    2) The decline in enzyme activity was proportional to the concentration of drugs added. Thistendency was strengthened with increasing reaction time.
    3) A rapid reduction of bacterial enzyme activity due to the effect of each drug was observed.The time required for this was different for each drug being about 20 min. after the start of thereaction for gentamicin, amikacin, ofloxacin and chloramphenicol and about 30 min. for imipenem, cefazolin and ampicillin.
    4) Long-chain filamentous bacteria were observed after 120 min. reaction with aztreonam andpiperacillin, but their potency was not confirmed.
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  • 2. Isolation of MRSA at gunma university hospital
    Studies of polymicrobial species occurring with MRSA
    Sachie Yomoda, Ayako Takahashi, Yoshiyuki Kurabayashi, Yukihito Fukumu ...
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 879-885
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.879
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    We analyzed bacterial strains from clinical specimens isolated with methicillin resistant (MRSA) and-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The isolation rates of MRSA with polymicrobial infection, as well as the MSSA dose, were high in aspirated sputum (81%), urine (85%), drain (51%), pus (41%) and otorrhea (58%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been a major bacterial species in polymicrobial infection with MRSA. Xantomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus have also occurre frequently in aspirated sputum, Enterococcus faecalis in urine. On the other hand, E. faecalis and Corynebacterium spp. etc. were isolated from specimens such as drain and pus in addition to gram negative bacteria.
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  • Characteristics of biofilm formed by Pseudornonas aeruginosa in vilro
    Kazuo Fujimaki, Yasushi Ikeda, Masahiro Takahata, Takashi Yasuda
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 886-893
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.886
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    Biofilm formation by Pseudornonas aeruginosa was investigated by using medical teflon sheet as an artificial foreign device in vitro. Biofilm formed by the glycocalyx and cells was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Ceftazidime (CAZ) at 1 MIC did not show any bactericidal activity against sessile or floating cells. Tosufloxacin (TFLX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) had excellent bactericidal effects at 1 MIC against floating cells and a >90% decrease was observed in the number of viable sessile cells. Enhanced activities were observed against sessile cells not only with a combination of TFLX and CPFX at 1 MIC and erythromycin (EM) at 1/4 MIC to when the hourly changes of viable cells were observed but also for TFLX at 1 MIC and EM or clarithromycin at 1μg/ml when the changes were observed over days. However, synergism was not observed when CAZ and EM were combined. The activity of TFLX was not enhanced when it was combined with lysozyme, hyaluronidase, protease or streptokinase.
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  • The difference between the inhibitory effects of carbapenems and cephems on the adherence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to mouse cell monolayers
    Mitsuo Katsuta, Shuichi Miyazaki, Toshiyuki Matsunaga, Keizo Yamaguchi ...
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 894-897
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.894
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    The methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus organism is presumed to initially adhere to the epithelial cells of the respiratory tissues in the establishment of bacterial colonization. Coccalsub-MIC pretreatment with panipenem or imipenem decreased the number of organisms bound to host cells more than cefuzonam, ceftazidime or latamoxef.
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  • Protein binding of 14 cephems in healthy subjects and patients with chronic renal failure
    Masakazu Kuroyama, Kazuo Kumano, Shigeru Motohashi, Toshimi Kimura, Se ...
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 898-908
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.898
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    Assessment was made of the serum protein binding of 14 cephems, using sera from healthy subjects (HS) and patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), applying equilibrium dialysis under the same conditions in vitro. The protein binding capacity of the 14 cephems in patients with CRF was significantly less than that in HS, and marked increases in free drug concentrations were observed. While examining the protein binding of the 14 cephems in patients on HD, binding capacity immediately following the completion of dialysis was found to be significantly decreased as compared to that of predialysis patients. The addition of palmitic acid (PA), a common NEFA, to pooled sera from HS caused the binding capacity of ceftizoxime, cefpiramide and latamoxef to decrease, accompanied by an increase in PA concentration. While those of cephalothin were increased by increasing PA up to 3mM. It follows from these findings that changes in the binding capacities of cephems with HD may possibly be caused by increased NEFA due to activation of the lipase used in heparin as an anticoagulant. In conclusion, changes in the protein binding capacities of cephems in CRF patients should be taken into consideration in attempting to avoid potential side effects.
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  • Effect of combination therapy with cefuzonam and minocycline on severeinfections in patients with hematological diseases
    Koitiro Egami, Hiroto Joujima, Kumiko Matsuti, Yutaka Imamura, Junichi ...
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 909-913
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.909
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    We evaluated the efficacy of combination therapy consisting of cefuzonam and minocycline on severe infections in 23 patients with hematological malignancies. The therapeutic efficacy of the combination was excellent in six patients and good in nine with a total efficacy rate of 65%(15/23), and in patients who did not respond to previous chemotherapy the rate was 70%(14/20). However, in this combination therapy was not effective in any of the patients with infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Combined effect of cefuzonam and minocycline was assessed in vitro by use of the checkerboad method. Synergistic and additive effects were observed in six and two isolates, respectively. Thus, combination therapy with cefuzonam and minocycline was proved to be useful for treatment of patients with malignant hematological diseases, especially in those with infections which were refractory to previous chemotherapy.
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  • Clinical effects of cefuzonam and carumonam on infections in hematologic diseases
    Shinich Kageyama, Naoyuki Katayama, Tetsuya Tsukada, Hideo Wada, Masak ...
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 914-918
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.914
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    The efficacy of combining cefuzonam with carumonam in severe infections complicating hematologic disorders was evaluated. These drugs were administered intravenously in 76 episodes of infection occurring in 44 patients with hematologic diseases. The underlying disease was acute myelogenous leukemia in 21 cases, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 8, chronic myelogenous leukemia in 8, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 8, and other disorders in 2. The complicating infections consisted of 13 episodes of bacterial sepsis, 56 of fever of unknown origin (possible sepsis), four of pneumonia, two of urinary tract infection and one of skin infection. Clinical response was as follows; excellent in 26 cases, good in 21, fair in 14, and poor in 16. Thus, clinical efficacy was 61.8% overall. Antibacterial response rates against gram-positive and negative bacteria were 57.1% and 88.8%, respectively. The efficacy rate in the presence of increasing neutrophil counts during therapy was 71.9%, while in the presence of decreasing or unchanging neutrophil counts the efficacy rate was 53.5%. Hence, rising neutrophil counts are associated with a good clinical outcome in infections complicating hematologic disorders, and the combination of cefuzonam and carumonam appears tobe useful as empirical therapy in these diseases.
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  • Empiric therapy in severe intractable respiratory tract infections
    Study of combination treatment with carumonam and cefuzonam
    Hiroichi Tanimoto
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 919-932
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.919
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    Carumonam (CRMN), a monobactam antibiotic, and cefuzonam (CZON), a cephem antibiotic, were concomitantly administered twice daily in a dose of 0.5-2 g each to 37 patients with severe intractable respiratory tract infections as a complication of various underlying diseases, Clinical efficacy and side effects of this combination therapy were evaluated. The subjects of this study were 30 patients with pneumomia (including 2 patients with pulmonary abscess) and 7 patients of lower respiratory tract infections. Clinical efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 3 patients, good in 20, fair in 8, and poor in 6, yielding a 62% efficacy rate overall. The efficacy rate was 69% in the 23 patients who had received no antibiotics previously and 50% in the 14 patients who had received antibiotics prior to the combination therapy. Bacteriological effects could be evaluated in 12 patients, and the eradication rate was found to be 83%(eradication in 9 patients and replacement in 1). As for side effects, fever+rash+eosinopenia, GPT elevation+thrombocytopenia, and thrombocytosis were observed in one patient each, and discontinuation of administration of both drugs was followed by recovery. Combination therapy with CRMN and CZON is useful from the standpoint of empiric in the early treatment of severe intractabie respiratory tract infections caused by undetermined causative organisms.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 933-982
    Published: July 25, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.933
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  • Erratum to : ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY ON FLEROXACIN IN MICE, RATS AND DOGS
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 992
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.7_992
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  • Errata
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 994
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.7_994
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  • Erratum
    1992 Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 995
    Published: 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.40.7_995
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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