CHEMOTHERAPY

Biological characteristics of clinically isolated bacteria at colony levels

IV Growth-inhibiting factors produced by cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa No.1

Intetsu Kobayashi, Miyuki Hasegawa, [in Japanese], Minoru Nishida, Sac ...

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 535-539
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.535

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Drug-susceptible cells (1 S) and-resistant cells (1 R) were isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa No.1, a typical isolate, forming colonies different in serotypes and other biological characteristics. The supernatant fluid of the overnight culture of P. aeruginosa 1 S inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa 1 R completely at a 128-fold dilution, and inhibited that of 4 R and 4 S isolated from P. aeruginosa No.4, but did not affect that of 2 R and 2 S from P. aeruginosa No.2. A protein component (M. W. about 2×10⁵) was detected in the supernatant fluid of the overnight culture of 1 S, and is considered to be an active substance that inhibits growth.

View full abstract

Download PDF (5121K)
Effect of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on the chemiluminescence response of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Isao Ohyatsu, Yasuo Ono, Masumi Aoki, Otohiko Kunii

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 540-546
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.540

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on the function of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), in terms of chemiluminescence (CL) response, were investigated in vitro. Incubation of rhG-CSF in concentrations of more than 4 ng/ml with PMNs obtained from healthy adults, at 37°C for 10 minutes, followed by stimulation with non-opsonized zymosan, significantly enhanced the CI, response of the PMNs, compared with the response in untreated PMNs. rhG-CSF exhibited a less powerful priming effect on the CL response of PMNs than recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF). The priming effect of rhG-CSF on PMNs obtained from patients with lung cancer and elderly persons was almost the same as in PMNs obtained from healthy adults. On the other hand, the priming effectof rhG-CSF on activated PMNs from patients with bacterial infections tended to be strong at lower levels and weak at higher levels, in contrast to the effect on PMNs from healthy adults.

View full abstract

Download PDF (989K)
Effects of organic anions on benzylpenicillin binding to human renal glutathione S-transferases

Toshiaki Haga

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 547-554
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.547

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The binding of benzylpenicillin (PCG) to human renal cytosol and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were investigated using the centrifuge column procedure to clarify the role of renal GST in transporting PCG through the renal proximal tubule. PCG bound to the cytosol dose-dependently, and the binding was inhibited by phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP), probenecid and p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). PCG also bound to the GST, including the acidic GST characteristic to the kidney, and the binding was inhibited by PSP and probenecid. The organic anions and some β-lactam antimicrobial agents inhibited renal GST activity. The inhibition constants (Ki) were 0.23 for PSP, 0.93 for probenecid, 7.7 for PAS, 2.3.6 for p-aminohippuric acid (PAH), 1.98 for cefuzonam (CZON), 14.0 for flomoxef (FMOX), 15.4 for methicillin (DMPPC), 19.2 for imipenem (IPM), 21.5 for ceftriaxone (CTRX) and 28.0 mM for PCG. Gentamicin (GM), erythromycin (EM) and fosfomycin (F0M), which are not excreted by the renal proximal tubule, showed no inhibitory effects on GST activity. It is suggested that the human renal GST plays an important role as intracellular carrier proteins for transporting organic anions and some β-lactam antimicrobial agents through the renal proximal tubule.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1201K)
Effects of new antidermatophytic agent liranaftate on the ultrastructure of Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Masako Osumi, Nobuko Naito, Naoko Yamada, Hiroko Yaguchi, Kazuo Iwata

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 555-567
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.555

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The morphological effects of a new antifungal agent, liranaftate (M-732), on theultrastructure of growing hyphae of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes strain were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. After a short 24-h period of exposure at as low a concentration as 0.001 μg/ml, hyphal growth was markedly inhibited by the agent. Various cellular changes appeared, including irregular shape, bending, and shrinkage of the hyphae as well as swelling of the tip. Enlarged vacuoles finally occupied almost the entire inner part of the cells much earlier than in the non-treated cells. In the vacuoles, a myelin-like structure was observed. The vacuole membranes were damaged at several sites at a relatively high concentration of the agent. Numerous highly electron dense particles were detected in the cytoplasm, most of which were dispersed along with the inner stratum of the cell membranes. Lomasomes with many small vesicles were also seenat some sites between the membranes and the walls. At higher concentrations of the drug, an exfoliated outer layer of the walls, disrupted membranes, released cytoplasmic components, and concave hyphae were observed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (28459K)
Annual changes in antibiotic utilization on a respiratory medicine ward of Jichi Medical School Hospital

The effect of MRSA lnfection on antibacterial chemotherapy

Kazunori Tomono, Yukihiko Sugiyama, Satoshi Kitamura, Toshimoto Korosu

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 568-572
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.568

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

We reviewed annual changes in the amount of antibiotics utilized on the pulmonary medicine ward of Jichi Medical School Hospital. Total annual antimicrobial agent utilization has decreased markedly over the past two or three years, especially that of the 3rd generation cephems, penicillins and amino-glycosides. The marked decrease in amount of antibiotics utilized may have been caused by the out-break of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Newly resistant pathogens were observed soon after introduction of new broad-spectrum agents. It was concluded that it has never been more important to understand the epidemiology of anti-microbial resistance and to enforce the judicious use of antimicrobial agents.

View full abstract

Download PDF (676K)
Clinical study of penetration of aztreonam into serum and pleural effusion

Hitoshi Horimoto, Tomoshige Morimoto, Shotaro Kakimoto

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 573-576
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.573

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

We investigated the concentration of aztreonam (AZT) in the serum and pleural effusion of 7 patients after drip infusion of 2 g AZT to evaluate its organ penetration. The results obtained were as follows:
1. The peak concentration of AZT in serum was 154.4±25.09μg/ml 30 minutes after administration of AZT.
2. The peak concentration of AZT in pleural effusion was 44.9±6.9μg/ml 3 hours after administration of AZT.
3. High concentrations in the pleural effusion were observed even 4 hours after administration.

View full abstract

Download PDF (537K)
Laboratory and clinical studies on cefodizime in patients with various underlying diseases

Hironobu Koga, Shigeru Kohno, Kenichi Tanaka, Mitsuo Kaku, Kohei Hara, ...

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 577-583
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.577

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Cefodizime (CDZM) was given to 44 patients with various respiratory infections (35 patients with pneumonia, one with lung abscess, one with acute bronchitis, 4 with chronic bronchitis, 3 with bronchiectasis), and clinical evaluation was performed. The efficacy rate was 88%(37/42) (excellent 12, good 25, fair 4, poor 1 and unassessable 2). There was no statistical difference in efficacy rate between patients with and without underlying disease, patients with malignant and benign underlying disease, or patients with pulmonary and other underlying disease. Moreover, there was no relationship between clinical efficacy and age or peripheral blood leukocyte count. CDZM displayed an excellent bacteriological effect (90% eradication rate) against 22 strains of causative organisms representing 6 species. There were no marked changes in the results of immunological studies such as T or B cell count, immunoglobulins, or neutrophil phagocytic and killing function. Although adverse reactions were found in 4 patients (9%), and abnormal laboratory findings were detected in 7 patients (16%), these findings were mild and transient. Consequently, CDZM was considered to be a very useful and safe antibacterial agent for the treatment of various compromised hosts.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1008K)
[title in Japanese]

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 584-593
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.584

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (2013K)
[title in Japanese]

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 593-597
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.593

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (1008K)
[title in Japanese]

1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 597-633
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11250/chemotherapy1953.41.597

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (6980K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!