CHEMOTHERAPY
Online ISSN : 1884-5894
Print ISSN : 0009-3165
ISSN-L : 0009-3165
Volume 36, Issue 7
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • KATSUO TAKAHASHI, MAKOTO IKEDA, RINJI KAWANA
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 7 Pages 467-472
    Published: July 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We evaluated the gentamicin enzyme immunoassay kit (EMIT Qst GM kit) for the determination of sisomicin serum concentrations. We prepared sisomicin calibrators (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0μg/ml) instead of gentamicin calibrators and then obtained a standard curve by use of a reagent for the EMIT Qst GM assay. This standard curve was a good sigmoid curve.
    The following results were obtained.
    1. The within-run coefficient of variation was less than 10.4%.
    2. The between-run coefficient of variation was less than 9.8%.
    3. Analytical recoveries of sisomicin from serum spiked with varying concentrations of sisomicin averaged from 96.0-108.0%.
    4. The relationship between the modified EMIT Qst method (Y) and high-performance liquid chromatography (X1) or bioassay (X2) was studied.
    Y=0.751 X1+0.590, r=0.991; Y=0.958X2+0.268, r=0.997
    We confirmed that the modified EMIT Qst method is a very reliable and useful means of monitoring for clinical sisomicin levels.
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  • HOZUMI YAMADA, OSAMU KATOH, YOSUKE AOKI, SHIGETAKA KUROKI, TSUNEKO YAM ...
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 7 Pages 473-478
    Published: July 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied serum and pleural fluid concentrations in 14 patients after intravenous infusion of 2 g of LMOX or FMOX. Eight patients received LMOX and six FMOX.
    The pharmacokinetic parameters of both drugs in serum were:(1) a peak concentration of 104±31μg/ml (LMOX) and 76±16μg/ml (FMOX) at the end of infusion;(2) an elimination half-life of 2.5±0.5 h (LMOX) and 1.3±0.1 h (FMOX);(3) an area under the concentration curve of 332±94μg·Eh-1 ml (LMOX) and 157±30μg·Eh-1 ml (FMOX). These data suggest that FMOX was cleared more rapidly from serum.
    On the other hand, both drugs when given intravenously penetrated slowly into pleural fluid after initiation of drug infusion, and the pleural fluid concentration reached a peak of 31±20μg/ml at 4 h for LMOX and 21±14μg/ml at 2 h for FMOX. The elimination half-lives in pleural fluid for LMOX and FMOX were 7.4±1.2 h and 5.4±1.4 h.
    In addition, the multiple-dose administration given in twice daily infusions of either oxacephem did not increase serum or pleural fluid concentrations.
    These data suggest that both oxacephems penetrated into pleural fluid at a high rate of 27.5%, and that their elimination half-lives were 3-4 times longer in pleural fluid than in serum. We believe that the pharmacokinetics of both drugs may be of great advantage for the treatment of pleural space infections.
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  • NSIALA MBAKI
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 7 Pages 479-486
    Published: July 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Between January 1984 and May 1987, 221 episodes of respiratory infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) were diagnosed in 154 patients by quantitative sputum culture. In 118 (53%) of 221 episodes, S. pneumoniae was isolated in pure culture.In 92 (89%) of the remaining 103 episodes, S. pneumoniae was associated with Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) and (or) Branhamella catarrhalis (B. catarrhalis).A bacterial colony count for S. pneumoniae of more than 107 CFU/ml was found in 105 (89%) of 118 episodes where S. pneumoniae was isolated alone. Ten patients had pneumonia, which was cured in all cases. Fever was present in 29% of the cases in which S. pneumoniae was isolated as a single pathogen, while C-reactive protein was positive in 75% and had a 99% correlation coefficient with the white blood cell count in peripheral blood. S. pneumoniae strains isolated from 1984-1986 were susceptible to ampicillin, of which the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 90% was less than 0.1μg/ml.
    The MICs of minocycline, erythromycin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin ranged from 0.05-50, 0.013 to more than 100, 1.56-3.13 and 6.25-25μEg/ml, respectively. Fourteen per cent of the strains isolated from 1975-1977 were resistant to minocycline while resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was not detected. Ten years later, however, the occurrence of pneumococci resistant to minocycline, erythromycin and clindamycin was 23%, 7% and 6%, respectively. In the former period, only 1 of 61 tested strains had intermediate resistance to ampicillin, whereas 6 of 67 strains isolated from 1984-1986 presented intermediate resistance. This study demonstrates the usefulness of quantitative culture of homogenized sputum for determining the causative organism (s) of respiratory infections.
    Furthermore, according to the in vivo and in vitro results, it supports the notion that penicillins remain the drug of choice in respiratory infections due to S. pneumoniae.
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  • YUJI HANATANI, TATSUO ASAGOE, HIROSHI TAKAMI, JUN-ICHI SHIKATA, ISAO Y ...
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 7 Pages 487-492
    Published: July 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the excretion of cefoperazone (CPZ) into choledochal bile to determine the appropriate dose and route of administration.
    Choledochal bile was collected every 30 or 60 minutes from 6 patients with T-tube drainage. Each patient was examined 3 times in one week (cross-over method) after (1) bolus injection of 1g intravenously (1g i. v.), (2) bolus injection of 2g (2g i. v.) and (3) drip infusion of 2 g for 60 minutes (2g d. i. v.). The concentration of CPZ was measured by thin layer disc method.
    The peak concentration, the peak time (time during which the concentration of the drug is higher than a half of the peak level) and the area under the curve of CPZ in bile were as follows (1) 1g i. v.: 748 μg/ml, 7.43 h, 5, 613 eμg·Eh/ml;(2) 2g i. v.: 1, 897μg/ml, 6.62h, 13, 536μg-h/ml and (3) 2g d. i. v.: 1, 855μg/ml, 6.15h, 11, 923μg·Eh/ml. The time-concentration curve of CPZ was gently-sloping, the concentration of CPZ at 10 h after administration being 380μg/ml (1g i. v.), 614μg/ml (2g i. v.) and 642μg/ml (2g d. i. v.).
    In summary, excretion of CPZ into choledochal bile was excellent: the higher the dose, the higher the concentration of the drug in bile. The results of 2g i. v. and 2 g d. i. v. were similar. No prolongation of the peak time was achieved in the drip-infusion group.
    From the above results, we consider CPZ a useful drug for the treatment of biliary tract infection. However, therapy with 0.5g or one injection per day should be examined.
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  • A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CEFTIZOXIME AND CEFOXITIN
    NAGAO SHINAGAWA, TAKUJI FUKUI, KEIJI MASHITA, AKIRA MIZUNO, JIRO YURA
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 7 Pages 493-499
    Published: July 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The safety and efficacy of ceftizoxime (CZX), a third-generation cephalosporin, were compared to those of cefoxitin (CFX), a second-generation cephalosporin, for prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective gastric surgery.
    Two hundred and two patients were randomised for therapy with CZX 2g i. v. in the operating room before the surgical procedure and 1g 8-hourly for 4 days or CFX 2g i. v. before the surgical procedure and 1g 8-hourly for 4 days. One hundred and two cases were given CZX and 100 cases were given CFX. The groups were comparable in age, sex, type of intervention and diagnosis.
    Nine patients (6.9%) developed postoperative infections (including wound sepsis 1, intraabdominal abscess 2, and 6 others) in the CZX group. Twenty-seven patients (27.0%) developed postoperative infections (including wound sepsis 2, intraabdominal abscess 15, anastomotic leakage 2, and 8 others) in the CFX group. The rate of postoperative infection was significantly different between the groups (p<0.01). There were 3 patients with diarrhea and 1 with eosinophilia in the CZX group. In the CFX group, there were 5 patients with diarrhea and 1 with mild skin eruption. In both groups, no patient was found to have C. difficile cytotoxin in the stool. Diarrhea was mild in all patients and they recovered rapidly without further problems. In the early postoperative period, abnormal liver function was noted in 33 patients (16 cases in the CZX and 17 in the CFX group). The rates of sideeffects and abnormal laboratory features were not significantly different between the groups.
    This study suggests that, compared to CFX, CZX is a better prophylactic agent in patients undergoing elective gastric surgery.
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  • PART 1. EXPERIMENT ON SARCOMA-180 SOLID TUMORS
    TSUYOSHI SHIIO
    1988 Volume 36 Issue 7 Pages 500-504
    Published: July 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Lentinan administered with cyclophosphamide in the early stages of sarcoma-180 solid tumor growth in mice invariably results in stronger tumor inhibition than with either agent alone.
    In the established tumor, however, the effect of lentinan with cyclophosphamide depended on the timing of the combination.
    When cyclophosphamide was administered prior to lentinan in established sarcoma-180, no additive effect was observed. Simultaneous administration of lentinan and cyclophosphamide, however, resulted in stronger tumor inhibition than that of either agent alone.
    In simultaneous combination lentinan significantly prevented the lowering of delayed-type hypersensitivity and leukopenia caused by administration of cyclophosphamide.
    Additive effects of lentinan with cisplatin, adriamycin, carboquone, UFT, tegafur and bleomycin were also observed in suppressing tumor growth.
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  • 1988 Volume 36 Issue 7 Pages 505-517
    Published: July 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (2481K)
  • 1988 Volume 36 Issue 7 Pages 518-537
    Published: July 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (3938K)
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