This review is described about the thermal decomposition of some basic carbonates and the methods to study the thermal decomposition process accompanying the evolution of some different gases, especially the Differential Thermal Gas Analysis (DTGA). In this paper, the existence and kind of inorganic carbonates are summarized on the periodic table, and it is shown that the basic carbonates can be classified into three groups on the base of the thermal decomposition mechanism as following, (1) evolution of all H
2O and CO
2 at the same temperature, such as the basic carbonate of cobalt, nickel and copper, (2) all H
2O and the part of CO
2 evolve at the 1st step, and at the following steps the evolution of the residual CO
2 occures and depends on the partial pressure of CO
2 in the heating atmosphere, which is appeared in basic carbonates of lead and some lantanides, (3) H
2O and CO
2 evolve independently; at the 1st step all of H
2O evolves, and at the following steps the CO
2 evolution occurs and is drastically affected by the partial pressure of CO
2. Basic magnesium carbonate decomposes according to this mechanism.
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