IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications
Online ISSN : 1348-8163
Print ISSN : 0913-6339
ISSN-L : 0913-6339
Volume 116, Issue 3
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
  • Kouji Imai, Atsuo Kawamura, Sigenori Kinoshita, Tadashi Ashikaga, Keni ...
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 233-244
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Fumimasa Anan, Kiyomi Yamasaki, Koosuke Harada, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Kats ...
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 245-250
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An international standard for a magneto-inductive charging system of EVs is being examined. According to the draft, a transformer is completely divided into primary side and secondary side, it's operating frequency is from 80kHz to 300kHz, and it's efficiency is assumed 99.5%. For a battery charging system for EVs to realize these requirements, we tried to build a prototype equipment that consists of soft switching inverter with inductor commutation of 20kW 100kHz output and a magneto-inductive transformer, and examined it experimentally. As a result of the experiment, the prototype equipment adopting this magneto-inductive charging circuit achieved an efficiency of 91.8%.
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  • F. Anan, Y. Goto, K. Miura, M. Ono, M. Naganuma, H. Kamio
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 251-255
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When electric vehicle (EV) range per charging measurement tests and on-board battery life cycle tests are executed, primarily standardized modes such as the constant speed driving mode, the 10/15 mode, and the FUDS mode are employed. However, because EVs are generally used as urban vehicles for commercial purposes with a limited driving area, it is considered that such measurements and life cycle tests should be executed using more appropriate modes which take into account regional features and traffic conditions.
    Faced with this situation, we has proposed a simulation method which establishes driving patterns matching individual regional features and service types based on data collected from actual on-road driving. Driving patterns are simulated with the chassis dynamometer.
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  • Takayuki Mizuno, Kazuo Tsuboi, Isao Hirotsuka, Shintaro Suzuki, Isao M ...
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 256-264
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In addition to basic characteristics such as a small size, light weight and easy maintenance, the electric vehicle (EV) motor is required to possess characteristics which allow for the production of a high torque at a low speed region and to realize a wide range of constant power operation at a high speed region.
    In an attempt to further improve the constant power operation properties of the induction motor (IM), this paper proposes a six-phase pole change IM (six-phase PCIM). The six-phase PCIM further expands the constant power operation range without increasing the volume and current of IM.
    To clarify the basic principle and the torque characteristics of the six-phase PCIM, first, its winding method and distribution of mmf will be examined. Next, by establishing a performance calculation method based on quasi-sinusoidal wave method, the feasibility of a highly precise performance calculation sufficient for actual use will be demonstrated. Furthermore, by clarifying the maximum torque characteristics through experiment, the feasibility of the expansion of the constant power operation range will be confirmed and its effectiveness in the EV will be discussed.
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  • Chikara Kaido
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 265-270
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    As a high performance motor core, spiral cores made of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets (GO) were developed. All the teeth directions are coincident with the GO rolling directions (easy magnetization axis ) in the spiral cores. The GO spiral cores have excellent properties, because the GO has a very low iron loss and a very high permeability in the rolling direction. In the GO spiral cores. the iron losses decrease to a quarter and the inductions are 0.2 T higher at 800A/m compared with conventional spiral cores usually of SPCC. The thickness of conventional spiral cores generally changes, and the applications are limited to automobile alternator cores. The thickness of GO spiral core scarcely changes during a spiral deformation, because the core sheets are deformed in the transverse direction to the rolling direction of GO, that is <110> {Oll}. and the <110> {011} deformation of Fe does not bring about the sheet thickness. As the stiffness and the packing factor of a GO spiral core are high in the sake of no thickness change. GO spiral cores have high performance for motor cores.
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  • Tadashi Ashikaga, Kazutoshi Nagayama, Takayuki Mizuno, Masato Mori, Yu ...
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 271-278
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The engine generator of the series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is operated at the most appropriate constant speed and constant power operation so that exhaust gas is kept at a minimum and so that high efficiency is achieved. Furthermore, since the output voltage of generator must be controlled according to the terminal voltage of the battery, generators are required to possess a performance which allows for easy adjustment of the output voltage.
    The hybrid excitation type synchronous machine (HSY) is equipped with a permanent magnet and field winding in its field. It is believed to possess properties suitable for the generator for HEV because its field mmf can be adjusted with a small excitation input, it has a high efficiency and it is brushless.
    In this paper, the performance calculation method of HSY as a generator will be established, and a comparative examination between the actual measured value and calculated value as well as the clarification of characteristics will be achieved. In addition, the adequacy of this performance calculation method and the HSY's superb performance as a generator for HEV will be demonstrated. Furthermore, a field control device that can execute constant voltage control and constant power control for HSY will be developed and a power generation system for HEV will be configured. Through this power generation system, the steady state and transient characteristics will be examined through experiments, and the feasibility for actual use will be demonstrated.
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  • Masao NAGAI, Yuqing WANG
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 279-284
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper proposes a new method to improve the handling and stability of electric vehicles by controlling the yaw moment generated by driving/braking forces. Yaw moment is controlled by the feedforward compensation of steering angle (and steering velocity) to minimize the side slip angle at the vehicle center of gravity. To realize this kind of yaw moment control, the right and left driving/braking forces should be controlled independently. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation are carried out to show the effectiveness of this control system. The results show that the handling and stability are improved significantly compared to those of the conventional two-wheel-steering vehicles, and that a 4WS-equivalent vehicle performance is obtained. This control effectiveness is also verified by experimental results using a downsized vehicle model on a moving belt tester.
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  • Hirofumi Akagi
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 285-293
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The guidelines for harmonic mitigation, announced on Oct. 3, 1994, are currently applied on a voluntary basis to control harmonic levels and promote better practices in both power systems and equipment design. In general, individual high-power consumers and low-power end-users are responsible for limiting current distortion produced by power electronics equipment, while electric power companies or utilities are responsible for limiting voltage distortion at the point of common coupling in distribution systems. The purpose of conventional shunt active filters, which have already been installed in the vicinity of one or more harmonic producing loads, is to compensate for harmonic currents caused by the identified loads.
    This paper deals with control strategy and site selection of a shunt active filter which will be installed on a power distribution system by electric power companies. The major objective of the shunt active filter discussed is to damp, harmonic resonance between many capacitors for power factor improvement and line inductors in the distribution system, rather than to mitigate voltage distortion. This paper also proposes a basic concept of the best point of installation of the shunt active filter. Simulated results are shown to verifly the validity and effectiveness of the concept. The computer simulation developed in this paper is characterized by the use of a model for a virtual distribution system of a residential area.
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  • Yasuyuki Nishida
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 294-303
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Since three-phase circuit has phase-interference, control/modulation in three-phase converters becomes very complicated compared with those of single-phase converters. Even though, the phase-interference-problem has not been discussed in depth in published work.
    As the primary objective, this paper describes an analysis of the phase-interference in a threephase voltage-fed converter cirucuit and resultant phase-decoupled equivalent-circuits expressed with local-averaging-value (or averaging-value in control/modulation period). Then, a simplification of a predictive-instantaneous-current-control for voltage-fed high-power-factor converter is introduced as the secondary objective. By combining the proposed techniques, a simple control/modulation scheme for three-phase high-power-factor converters is obtained.
    A controller/modulator for experimental setup is introduced to demonstrate the simplicity achieved by the proposed theories. The pulse-space-modulation scheme, employed in the modulator to compensate modulation errors caused by ripples of the output voltage, is also introduced. To show the validity and applicability of the proposed theory, experimental results obtained from a 2-kW setup are shown. Finally, the paper draws conclusion from this work.
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  • Yoichi Saito, Yuzuru Tunehiro, Naoki Yamamura
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 304-309
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Recently, applying a dc brushless motor to the electric vehicle has been studied widely. Main ploblem is that the field-weakening control such as used for the induction motors is difficult. because the magnet flux of the motor is fixed. The other is that it needs a position sensor to detect the rotor position.
    This paper proposes a sensorless dc brushless motor using current-source PWM inverter. In this system, the inverter angular frequency is calculated by detecting the induced voltages of the motor. And even when supplying voltage to the motor is higher than power source in high speed region, constant power operation is achieved without the field-weakening control. Furthermore, we can maintain the efficiency of the motor.
    In this paper. the principle of the control method and the performance characteristics of a sensorless dc brushless motor are discussed. The experimental results of the tested machine shows that the proposed method is very useful for the drive system of electric vehicle.
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  • Tadashi Ashikaga, Masato Mori, Takayuki Mizuno, Kazutoshi Nagayama, Ka ...
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 310-318
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An induction motor is one of the suitable motors for the electric vehicles. The induction motor used in the electric vehicle has been generally controlled based on the vector control method to obtain well dynamic torque response. The field forming current value is kept a constant to keep the constant flux level in the conventional vector control system, but it has disadvantage that the proportion of core loss is increase at the light load torque region. To solve this problem, the efficiency maximizing control method of the vector controlled induction motor has been presented. This paper proposes a simple solution which maximize the motor efficiency under any load conditions, and presents a simple efficiency maximizing control system. The usefulness of this system is demonstrated through the simulations and experiments that compare its efficiency characteristics with conventional vector control system. In this system, the secondary flux level is varied to reduce the core loss. This paper also includes the secondary flux control method to improve the delay in the output torque response when the secondary flux level is varied.
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  • Tatsunori Sato, Shoji Nishikata, Akira Ishizaki
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 319-327
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A self-controlled synchronous motor, which has similar characteristics to a conventional dc motor, is being used in various industrial fields as an adjustable speed motor. The inductances in the motor are changed with the change in the air-gap flux due to magnetic saturation as in the field-weakening region. A new and simple formula representing the inductances (i.e. reactances) in which the effect of magnetic saturation is taken into account is proposed in this paper, and the validity of the formula is shown for the transient performances of a tested motor when the field voltage was stepped down. The effects of the magnetic saturation on the steady-state and dynamic performances are then clarified for a motor having average constants of synchronous machines. It is shown that the steady-state motor speed for small values of dc input current when the magnetic saturation is considered is larger than that for constant parameters. It is also clarified that the field-weakening speed control regions for constant-power driving become narrow if the motor has a property of considerable magnetic saturation. The transient responses when dc input and field voltages are changed, respectively, are finally investigated, and it is shown that if magnetic saturation is considered, the commutation limit of inverter thyristors for a step-down change in the field voltage is widened when compared with the case for constant parameters.
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  • Kazumasa Ide, Miyoshi Takahashi, Kado Miyakawa, Yoji Tanaka, Yasuomi Y ...
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 328-336
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper presents field current calculations of synchronous machines with revised dq-axes equations and two-dimensional numerical magnetic field analysis. The dq-axes equations are modified by considering reactance time variations due to magnetic saturation of core and saliency of poles. The revised dq-axes equations and magnetic field analysis are used to calculate on-load field currents and steady-state reactances of a 592MVA turbine generator. The findings are as follows.
    (1) Results from the revised equations indicate a mutual reactance between d-axis and q-axis xdq and a mutual reactance between field and q-axis xfq are theoretically not negligible in saturated synchronous machines.
    (2) Numerical values of the mutual reactances xdq, xfq grow with increasing load.
    (3) Differences between field currents calculated by conventional equations and by the revised equations widen with numerically increasing load.
    (4) Field currents calculated using the revised equations show good agreement with measured ones.
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  • Katsuji Shinohara, Takashi Nagano, Kazuhiro Ohyama
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 337-347
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The conventional method of vector control has been slip-frequency control. This method reduces the structural features of squirrel-cage induction motor and restricts the applications because it requires a speed sensor. Stability analysis of the vector control system have been made by considering only ideal current control loop. In this paper, we analyze exactly the stability analysis of the vector control of induction motor without speed sensor, taking into account the effects of PI current loop and rotor flux feedback. A transfer function between the rotor speed wr, and the rotor speed command wr*; can be obtained by standard small signal analysis techniques. For this purpose, it is convenient to use a dq synchronous reference frame rotating together with rotor flux and to allow small signal perturbations in the primary currents i1d, i1q, secondary currents i2d, i2q, calculated primary current commands _??_, _??_, calculated rotor flux commands _??_, _??_, rotor speed ωr, and estimated rotor speed _??_. Furthermore, theoretical step responses of the rotor speed are compared with the experimental results.
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  • Saori Hosono, Susumu Torii, Daiki Ebihara
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 348-353
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Oxide superconductor is one of the expected and most effective magnetic shielding materials for the diamagnetic property of its own. A large volume, however, is hardly shielded by using the material because of the limited size of the bulk. The authors studied first about the shielding effects of superconductors disposed on constant and alternative magnetic field experimentally. Reduction ratio of about -6.2(dB) is obtained for constant field, and about the same results even for alternating fields. On the contrary, conductors in several sizes show the shielding effects only in higher frequencies and scarcely small in constant field. Feasibility of superconductor is thus clearly shown.
    Nevertheless, shielding effect by single layer oxide superconductor is limited because the composition of single layer has the gap between pieces and flux penetrate into the inside of superconductor. Multi-layered composition of superconductor is proposed to improve the shielding effects. The optimum structure of double-layered composition is numerically analyzed with finite element method because quantity and thickness of shielding pieces is the problem. The arrangement of pieces and the distance between single and double layer is investigated. The optimum structure of shielding pieces is obtained for the space distribution of the magnetic field.
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  • Koji Toyama, Takaharu Takeshita, Nobuyuki Matsui
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 354-360
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The authors already proposed the new control scheme of the PWM converters where the control scheme was performed on the estimated voltage and phase of the source, thus eliminating the voltage sensor.
    The paper deals with a stability problem of a sensorless PWM converter control. Under consideration of the parameter error, the stability analysis of the proposed control is examined. In addition to that, a design procedure of the estimation gains is also examined. For the stable starting of the system, the initial estimation of the amplitude and phase angle of the source voltage is proposed.
    The effectiveness of the theoretical stability and estimation gain design has been confirmed by experiments.
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  • Tadao Fujimaki, Katsumi Ohniwa, Akio Suzuki
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 361-362
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Mutuwo Tomita, Mitsuhiko Satoh, Hideyuki Yamaguchi, Shinji Doki, Shige ...
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 363-364
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Takeshi Yoshii, Tatsuya Fujiki, Ichiro Miki, Takashi Nakamura
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 365-366
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Shinji Wakui
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 367-368
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Tomonobu Senjyu, Hiroshi Miyazato, Katsumi Uezato
    1996 Volume 116 Issue 3 Pages 369-370
    Published: February 20, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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