IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications
Online ISSN : 1348-8163
Print ISSN : 0913-6339
ISSN-L : 0913-6339
Volume 123, Issue 4
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
Special Issue on “Advanced Electromagnetic Field Analysis and Its Application to Electrical Machines”
Special Issue Review
Special Issue Paper
  • Yoshihiro Kawase, Tadashi Yamaguchi, Yasunari Mizuno
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 323-329
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Induction motors are widely used for electric instruments because of the toughness and the high reliability. It is necessary for the high efficiency design of motors to clarify the iron losses (the eddy current loss and the hysteresis loss) of the rotor and stator cores. It is difficult to clarify the iron loss by experiments. In this paper, the eddy current distribution in a silicon steel sheet of the squirrel-cage induction motor is analyzed by the 3-D finite element method to clarify the distribution of eddy current loss and hysteresis loss in the silicon steel sheet quantitatively. The validity of our method is clarified by comparing the calculated results and measured ones.
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  • Yoshihiro Kawase, Tadashi Yamaguchi, Tatsuya Masuda, Hideo Domeki, Mas ...
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 330-336
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Hybrid stepping motors are widely used for various electric instruments because of high torque, high accuracy and small step angle. It is necessary for the optimum design of hybrid stepping motors to analyze torque characteristics accurately. In this paper, a hybrid stepping motor is analyzed using the 3-D finite element method taking into account the rotation of the armature. The effects of the interlaminar gap in the core on the torque characteristics are clarified using the gap elements. The validity of our method is clarified by comparison between the calculated results and measured ones.
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  • Akio Tanaka, Koichi Ishida, Nobuo Takehira, Toshikatsu Miki
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 337-343
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Recently, the usefulness of using parallelogram coil or rhombic coil has been reported in eddy current sensor and eddy current testing. However, the theoretical analysis on these coils has not been made yet. In this paper the exact analysis on magnetic field is carried out with regard to a multi-layer rhombic coil facing to a moving sheet conductor. In addition, the calculation fomula of variation of the coil impedance has been deduced and its validity has been confirmed by the experiment.
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  • Takeshi Matsusaka, Kazurou Harada, Yoshiyuki Ishihara, Toshiyuki Todak ...
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 344-349
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper investigated a method for the analysis of characteristics of 3-phase double squirrel-cage induction motor by using two-dimensional Finite Element Method. Proposed method is that conductance in the double squirrel-cage rotor is converted into the electric circuit, and the circuit equations through the outside rotor bar and the inside one are solved simultaneously with the equations in electromagnetic field by two-dimensional Finite Element Method. The calculated speed-torque and speed-current characteristics of the double squirrel-cage induction motor were good agreement with the measured ones on condition of the range of the slip which generally used.
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  • --Effect of Minor Loop in Yoke--
    Norio Takahashi, Ryousuke Suenaga, Koji Miyata, Ken Ohashi
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 350-355
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The permanent magnet type MRI for whole body provides a viable alternative to resistive and superconducting MRI. As the permanent magnet assembly contains pole pieces and yokes which are made of steel, the minor loop of B and H of steel due to the pulse excitation and the eddy current induced in the steel affect the magnetic characteristics of permanent magnet assembly. In this paper, the effects of minor loop and eddy current in yoke on the behavior of flux density are investigated. The detailed behavior of B and H in minor loops is illustrated. It is shown that the minor loop and eddy current in yoke affect the residual flux density considerably.
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  • --Evaluation of 3-D Non-Linear Eddy Current Analysis and Experiment--
    Yuji Gotoh, Norio Takahashi
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 356-363
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The alternating magnetic flux leakage testing has been applied in the inspection process for detecting cracks on the surface of steel. Generally, the perpendicular (Bz) component of leakage flux is detected in this testing. Because, this component is not generated when there is no crack. However, when plural cracks are located at very short distance (L), the distinction of the numbers of cracks cannot be performed by using Bz component. In this paper, a technique of how to detect plural cracks that are located at very short distance is investigated using the parallel (Bx) component of leakage flux density calculated by 3-D edge-based hexahedral FEM. In addition, the experimental verification is also carried out.
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  • Shinya Matustomo, So Noguchi, Hideo Yamashita, Shigeya Tanimoto
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 364-370
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The permanent magnet motors (PM motors) are widely used in electrical machinery, such as air conditioner, refrigerator and so on. In recent years, from the point of view of energy saving, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of PM motor by optimization. However, in the efficiency optimization of PM motor, many design variables and many restrictions are required. In this paper, the efficiency optimization of PM motor with many design variables was performed by using the voltage driven finite element analysis with the rotating simulation of the motor and the genetic algorithm.
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  • Yasushi Fujishima, Shinji Wakao, Koichi Matsuoka, Minoru Kondo
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 371-378
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This article presents a fundamental study on the application of the response surface methodology to design optimization of electric machines as an effective computational approach. As usual, in designing electric machines, it is difficult to achieve an effective optimal solution by using the FEM within an acceptable CPU-time. In this article, the response surface methodology (RSM) is introduced into the design optimization approach to evaluate the objective physical quantities in much shorter time. In the RSM process, to achieve the high quality optimal solutions, it is very important to make the response surface of high quality approximation in search domains. For that reason, Design of Experiments (DOE) is applied to obtain the appropriate selections of the FEM calculating points. Additionally, the effective iterative approach is developed, which properly narrows the search domains around the solution candidates. The proposed optimization approach results in an overall increase in the optimization speed without degrading the quality of optimal solutions. Some numerical examples that demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach are also presented.
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  • Kouki Naka, Masaya Inoue, Masao Morita, Haruyuki Kometani
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 379-385
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A study on the stray losses of a 75kW class caged induction motor is presented. Stray losses in the 75kW class induction motor are evaluated in this work using Finite Element Method analysis and measurement. It was found that the most of the stray losses are the high frequency iron loss of the rotor.
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  • Hirokazu Yoshida, Kenji Nakamura, Osamu Ichinokura
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 386-391
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The orthogonal-core is a magnetic device which is used as a variable inductor. Recent year, the orthogonal-core type variable inductor has been used for the high frequency region. For use of the variable inductor in the high frequency region, however, the iron loss is increasing. We previously proposed an analysis method of the orthogonal-core for commercial frequency region based on Reluctance Network Analysis (RNA). In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of the ferrite orthogonal-core type variable inductor in consideration of the iron loss in the high frequency region based on RNA and compare with an actual measurement. Furthermore, it is shown that we can calculate the iron loss distribution in the orthogonal-core.
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  • Katsumi Yamazaki
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 392-400
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A method of loss calculation for induction motors is proposed. The combined 3D-2D time stepping finite element analysis is carried out to obtain the copper loss and the time-variation of the magnetic field in the motor. The iron loss is calculated approximately considering the time-variation of the magnetic field direction and the minor hysteresis loops caused by the time-harmonic fields using practical computer resources. The proposed method is applied to 4 types of induction motors, which are the solid rotor induction motors with/without slot and the cage induction motors with/without skew. The measured and the calculated total losses and the iron losses agree well in all cases. The differences of the loss distributions of each motor are also compared and investigated.
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  • Koji Miyata, Yasuaki Aoyama, Tomonori Yokoyama, Ken Ohashi, Minoru Kon ...
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 401-408
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Rare-earth magnets, which have high energy product, have been widely used in several industrial applications such as voice coil motors for hard disk drives, MRI for medical devices and motors for electric vehicle. In order to realize a small and high performance device, the magnetic field analysis techniques are required. In this paper, we applied the magnetic field analysis to design the permanent magnet synchronous motors into the rail traction system. In the inverter fed motor drive, the eddy current loss in the permanent magnet increased. We simulated the effect that eddy current was decreased by using a divided permanent magnet. Furthermore, the permanent magnet tends to be demagnetized due to the effect of a demagnetizing field formed at high temperatures. However, according to our analysis, demagnetization does not occur within the range of our design specifications. Also, we performed magnetic field analysis assuming a pulse-type magnetization process and designed an optimal magnetizing coil.
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  • Takeo Ishikawa, Michio Matsunami
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 409-415
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper proposes a method to generate adaptively 2D and 3D finite element meshes taking into account the continuity requirements of the magnetic field at the interface between two neighboring elements. First, this paper proposes a new error estimator that includes the Zienkiewicz and Zhu error norm estimator and the boundary rules in the electromagnetic field. Using a 2D simple model, this paper decides two parameters of the proposed estimator. Next, this paper presents a 3D mesh generation method based on the Voronoi-Delaunay theory, which ensures that the bounding surface of the domain is contained in the triangulation. The method has the capability to decrease the amount of information on the connectivity of boundary nodes by generating nodes not only in the interior of the domain but also on its surface. Two simple magnetostatic field problems are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
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  • Mitsuo Hano, Takeshi Miyamura, Masashi Hotta
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 416-421
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sets of high--order basis functions of a tetrahedral element are systematically constructed and applied to finite element analysis of eddy current problems. A polynomial space is divided into a lot of subspaces assigned on edges, faces and a volume of the tetrahedral element. Lagrange--type vector basis functions of the subspaces are presented. The effect of the high--order vector elements is investigated by a cubic conductor model located in ac steady--state magnetic fields. In the calculation by using the fundamental and second--order elements, no convergent value of the eddy current power loss can be obtained in spite of fine meshes because the eddy current shifts to the surface of the conductor. The higher--order vector elements give the convergent solutions in the coarse meshes.
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  • Shingo Inamura, Koichiro Sawa
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 422-428
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper describes the temperature analysis of a Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) taking into account the temperature rise in the inside air. The temperature of motor will be known to be important for motor design, because the rated values such as voltage, current, and output considerably depend on it. Moreover the temperature rise affects the magnetic characteristics of material e.g. permanent magnet, electrical steel sheets.In this paper, we introduced the equation of temperature rise in the inside air which includes the heat convection to the iron and the outside air for analysis. Finite Element Method (FEM) was combined with it and solved simultaneously by iterative method. In comparison with measured value, it is clear that the model of the temperature rise is effective for highly accurate analysis.Furthermore, the distribution of temperature in SRM is obtained, which makes it possible to estimate the local heat generation.
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Paper
  • Toshikazu Horiuchi, Yoshitaka Sugawara
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 429-436
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In power companies, power semiconductor devices such as diodes and thyristors have been used in the AC/DC power converter unit of substation rectifiers and power station exciters, and half of them have been used over 15 years. Recently, we found that blocking voltage degradation occurred frequently in those devices. This paper presents the estimation of the failure-age of power semiconductor devices, and also presents a novel monitoring method using a leakage current vector for the first time. The new monitoring method can detect blocking voltage degradation correctly under conditions of low voltage, such as half the rated voltage.
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  • Keiichiro Kondo, Minoru Kondo
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 437-444
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We have been investigating to apply permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) to railway vehicle traction, because the efficiency of PMSMs are higher than that of induction motors and they are expected to enable the traction motor down sized. We have to consider peculiarity on the railway vehicle traction when we design the electrical constants of PMSMs. On this paper, we point out the particular points which we have to take into account on designing works and analyze how the constants of PMSMs affect the their performance. Through this study, we suggest how to design the constants and applied the method to assumed designing works to verify the method. We conclude that the suggested method is available for the designing of PMSMs’ constants and reluctance torque is essential to the performance PMSMs for railway vehicle traction purpose.
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  • Kouji Furukawa, Haque M. Tarafdar, Toshifumi Ise, Sadatoshi Kumagai
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 445-453
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A novel control strategy for active filters, in which quasi-instantaneous positive sequence extraction of utility voltage is used, can be useful in harmonic polluted and/or imbalanced utility voltage. In this paper, authors examined its transient response, its performance under the change of fundamental frequency of utility voltage and its performance under utility voltage with harmonics and unbalance.
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  • Lei Ma, Masayuki Sanada, Shigeo Morimoto, Yoji Takeda, Chikara Kaido, ...
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 454-461
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Loss evaluation is an important issue in the design of electrical machines. Due to the complicate structure and flux distribution, it is difficult to predict the iron loss in the machines exactly. This paper studies the iron loss in interior permanent magnet synchronous motors based on the finite element method. The iron loss test data of core material are used in the fitting of the hysteresis and eddy current loss constants. For motors in practical operation, additional iron losses due to the appearance of rotation of flux density vector and harmonic flux density distribution makes the calculation data deviates from the measured ones. Revision is made to account for these excess iron losses which exist in the practical operating condition. Calculation results show good consistence with the experimental ones. The proposed method provides a possible way to predict the iron loss of the electrical machine with good precision, and may be helpful in the selection of the core material which is best suitable for a certain machine.
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  • Kei Aoki, Hajime Kimura, Akihiro Nagaiwa, Shigenobu Kobayashi
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 462-469
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, we propose a new simulation-based Distributed Reinforcement Learning approach that solves large planning problems under uncertain environment. The proposed method is a distributed state-action representation for softening an interaction and reward design for making agents cooperate. We apply it to real sewerage control systems, as the problem with uncertainty. Simulation results show it finds good control rules, which can cope with various situations, by dealing with the uncertainty included in real data directly on a simulator based on real systems.
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  • Hitoshi Terazawa, Fumihiko Saitoh
    Article type: Others
    Subject area: Others
    2003 Volume 123 Issue 4 Pages 470-476
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2004
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper proposes a method to detect symmetrical objects that have the line symmetrical form and the point symmetrical form in an objective image. When a pair of edge pixels is judged to have the symmetrical relation each other by the geometrical parameters of the directions and the curvatures of the edge pixels, the combinational Hough transform based on the geometrical parameters is applied to vote into the parameter spaces to detect the symmetrical objects. After the voting process about all pairs of edge pixels is completed, the addresses that have large voted values are detected as the locations of symmetrical objects. The experimental results show that the line symmetrical objects and the point symmetrical objects were detected successfully even if an image included both objects.
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