IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications
Online ISSN : 1348-8163
Print ISSN : 0913-6339
ISSN-L : 0913-6339
Volume 112, Issue 9
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
  • Ryoichi Kurosawa, Hirofumi Akagi
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 789
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Muneaki Ishida, Nobuki Kitano, Takamasa Hori
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 790-798
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper proposes a open-loop and real-time control method of a series-resonant high-frequency linked converter with a DC input and a single-phase sinusoidal AC voltage output.
    Resonant converters have lately attracted considerable attention because they can perform zero-current or zero-voltage switching, which produces little switching loss, and high frequency operation which realize compact converters. The conventional resonant converters are mainly DC-to-DC converters and DC-to-AC ones, and their control algorithms are based on the transient operations from microscopic viewpoint. Therefore, the macroscopic transient characteristics of the converters including their load has not been studied sufficiently from macroscopic viewpoint. Moreover, the conventional control algorithms of DC-to-AC converters require detection of the voltage or current in the resonant circuit or the switching devices to realize stable resonant operation and zero-current or zero-voltage switching.
    In this peper, an approximate analysis of the basic series-resonant converter is performed, and then simple equations and an equivalent circuit of the converter are obtained by introducing some rules to the switching sequences of the converter. Based on the equations and the equivalent circuit, a realtime and openloop control algorithm of the series-resonant converter is derived in the same way as the conventional PWM inverters/converters to obtain a single-phase sinusoidal and rectangular voltage waveform.
    Experimental results to confirm the feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed control algorithm are presented.
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  • Norihito Tokura, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Kunihiko Hara
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 799-806
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Current sensing function is indispensable to modern intelligent power semiconductor devices to detect whether or not a load is driven at a predetermined power level and/or an overcurrent at the time of overload, in order to protect the load and the power device.
    In this paper, a new current sensing device technology is presented firstly, in which the operation principle is based on detecting voltage drop through a field effect resistance (FER) consisting of mainly channel resistance in DMOSFET. Our new current sensing device consists of DMOS, FER & voltage sensing cell, and lateral MOSFET operated as a temperature compensation resistor in a same chip. The FER-cell has the same structure as DMOS cell, and lateral MOSFET is electrically isolated from substrate by p-n junction. The accuracy of current sensing is within ±2% in a temperature range from -40 to 150°C.
    The new current sensing device technology which can be integrated easily into power MOSFETs realizes intelligent power MOSFETs with high accurate current sensing and control in a wide temperature range.
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  • Hiroshi Ohsawa, Kazuya Endoh
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 807-814
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper describes the hybrid cycloconverter in which a self-commutated converter is connected with a line-commutated converter in antiparallel. The conventional cycloconverter has disadvantage of low power factor in power source. However, the hybrid one can achieve unity of displacement factor. The principle of the hybrid cycloconverter is the following:
    When the phase control angle for a self-commutated converter is controlled on the condition of leading phase, the input power alternately repeats lagging and leading corresponding to the polarity of the output current. In the case of polyphase output, lagging and leading reactive power are canceled each other in power source, and displacement factor becomes unity.
    Moreover, the output current in hybrid one is continuous with no circulating current. Experiment results obtained from hybrid GTO cycloconverter, in which GTOs are applied to self-turn-off devices, are shown to confirm the theory.
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  • Yoshihiro Hatanaka
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 815-822
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A high-frequency link flyback type DC-DC converter described in this paper can be performed not only as a zero current switching (ZCS) operation but also as a zero current zero voltage switching (ZCS-ZVS) operation at turn off on the active main switch.
    On the basis of normalized numerical analysis from transient-state to steady-state, the ZCS operation region is elucidated in the normalized μ-λ plane. The characteristics of output voltage regulation with frequency control and load change are estimated.
    Furthermore, the peak current and peak voltage of the main active switch in the transient-state operation are analyzed.
    These characteristics are substantiated on the basis of the experimental results.
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  • Isao Takahashi, Yasushi Omura
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 823-828
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Usually, to eliminate the harmonics of transmission lines, LC tuned filters are employed to let bypass these harmonic components. But the elimination ability is limited by its damping resistance. Therefore, active filters composed of high frequency PWM converters are desirable. Comparing with the LC tuned filters, the cost would be very high even in high power systems.
    In this paper, a low cost and high power active filters for a DC transmission system is proposed. It has active filter ability as well as low cost for high power uses. Its main circuit is composed of conventional LC filters in series with square wave voltage inverters. The voltage of the inverter is controlled to cancel the voltage drop of the internal resistance of the LC filter. So the Q factor of the filter can appear infinity. Calculation of the harmonic and the control are done by DSP (TMS 32010). In the experimental system and simulations, two three phase tuned filter 5-th and 7-th are employed. Excellent results under 1% distortion voltage are obtained.
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  • Hideo Nakamura, Yoshihiro Murai, Thomas A. Lipo
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 829-836
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    High frequency resonant link AC/AC power converters with a resonant circuit between the input converter and the output converter enable the system to reduce switching losses by switching the devices on or switch them off only at the moment of the resonant voltage or current across the device remaining at zero. The converters also have the possibilities of solving such problems as the increased switching losses and incompatibility with high power capability and high switching frequency, in which high frequency carrier PWM inverters usually have problems.
    The resonant link converters, however, also had the particular problems such as distortion of the output voltage, high peak-voltage or -current stresses on the devices, which are mainly caused by the uniform pulses arising from the phase selections of the devices for PDM operation.
    In this paper we clarified these problems and proposed a current limiting method which limits the current pulse to a fixed value by using a saturable core in place of a resonant inductor. And current pulse splitting method is also proposed. The method performs to control three phase currents almost at a time, improving output waveforms and the reduction of filter capacitor size becomes possible. This paper deals with the principles on these methods and the simulated results and experimental results are included.
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  • Masakazu Inoue, Katsunori Taniguchi
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 837-843
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new strategy, using both PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) and PWM (pulse width modulation) in combination, for a power inverter is described. The output waveform in the proposed PAM-PWM inverter are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The line-to-line voltage waveform includes the fundamental component and the sidebands of the carrier frequency. Lowerorder harmonics are not included in the output waveform. The amplitude of the fundamental component increases 15% more than that of a conventional sine-wave inverter. Since each inverter arm does not operate during two-thirds of the period, the heat generated in the devices is reduced, i.e., the size of the inverter system can be minimized because of the reduction in the heat dissipating equipment.
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  • Mineo Tsuji, Eiji Yamada, Katsuhiro Izumi, Jun Oyama
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 844-851
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    One of the representative vector-controlled induction motor drive system without a speed sensor is composed of a rotor flux estimator, a PI torque current controller and a conventional vectorcontrolled current source. However, the stability analysis of this system has not appeared in the literature.
    In this paper, the flux estimator is interpreted as a flux observer, and then a linear model of the system is proposed by deriving the equations of the flux estimator in a synchronously rotating reference frame. By computing the trajectories of the poles and zeros and the transient responses, the following results are obtained.
    (1) If the rotor flux is estimated using only the stator equations (voltage model), the system becomes unstable when the actual stator resistance is smaller than the value used by the controller.
    (2) By choosing a small time constant of the first order lag element in the flux estimator (reciprocal number of observer gain), the poles and zeros on the imaginary axis move to the stable region. However, another pair of poles has reverse performance.
    (3) From the viewpoint of stability, the gain of the PI torque current controller should be chosen as large as possible and the stator and rotor resistances in the controller should be set to smaller values than their actual values.
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  • Kiyoshi Ohishi, Masaru Miyazaki, Masahiro Fujita
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 852-861
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper proposes the new force control without force sensor. The proposed system is designed by H control theory. Generally, The force sensor is usually used on the force control system. However, according to both the performance of force sensor and the condition of target environment, the force sensor can not be mounted to the robot manipulator.
    Acceleration controller based on the disturbance observer has been studied to overcome the problem of force disturbance and nonlinear effect. However, it is difficult for this system to take account of the frequency characteristics of both sensor noise effect and disturbance rejection systematically. This paper proposes the new acceleration controller and the torque observer based on H control theory. These proposed systems are systematically designed by the mixed sensitivity H control design method. These systems have a simple and robust structure.
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  • Katsumi Inuzuka, Kaneo Mohri, Seiji Ishida
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 862-868
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, new experimental results for detecting, I2 and Te are reported using a magnetic-field sensor which is constituted with some amorphous microcores operating in a stake multivibrator followed by a low-pass filter.
    The output of the Sensor with eight pair of micro cores (Eout) is proportional to I2. The Eout has not only a voltage component of the frequency f but also components of frequency sf, fn-sf, fn+sf and others when a sensing with only one pair of microcores, where sf is a slip frequency, fn is a rotor speed requency, f (1-s)/2. It causes the components fn±sf that the rotor performs a precession motion. The voltage component of the fn-sf was proportional to Te.
    A calculated torque (Tm) using the measured value of I2 almost coincieds to a measured torque (Te) using a DC generator which is a load of IM.
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  • Takafumi Koseki, Toshimitsu Morizane, Eisuke Masada
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 869-876
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Authors have proposed a novel concept of structure and control of linear induction motors (LIMs) named “Flux Synthesizing Linear Induction Motors (FSLIMs)”, where each slot has a conductor carrying an electric current whose amplitude and phase angle are controlled with super multi-phase switching devices. It is well-known that a LIM has the merits of direct drive and simple structure. A conventional one has, however, low power factor and energy efficiency; the end-effect is one of the significant reasons for the bad characteristics. Strategies against the effect have been limited by conventional three-phase windings. On the other hand, high-speed power switching devices are available with a reasonable cost. A super multi-phase drive enables more freedom for controls with the proposed structure of the FSLIM. Basic characteristics of a tubular test LIM with twelve slots have been measured and calculated to investigate an appropriate flux synthesis. As results, an appropriate switching scheme, which synthesizes sinusoidal distribution of the gap flux density, enables to suppress the end-effects, and to improve, consequently, the energy efficiency. In addition, basic conditions for the field-coordinateds oriented control of a thrust force are satisfied by keeping the amplitude of a gap flux constant with the flux synthesis.
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  • Isao Takahashi, Itaru Andoh
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 877-882
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new uninterruptible power supply (UPS) having a flywheel for a energy storage unit is described. The UPS of the rating of 5(kW) and 100(V) has following characteristics:
    (1) Battery less system which makes maintenance free and long life about three times of a battery UPS.
    (2) Simple power conversion circuit of a half bridge configuration which can realize good input and output waveforms, high efficiency, small size and light weight.
    Inside of the flywheel unit rotating 30, 000rpm is vacuumized to eliminate windage losses by a small vacuum pump. And the flywheel rotor is made no mechanical touch in high speed states to get as long life as 30 years. A electrical main circuit is consisted of a half bridge converter, a symmetrical half bridge inverter, and a inverter/converter to drive the fiywheel induction motor/generator. Charging or discharging control of the mechanical energy is achieved by controlling the slip frequency of the induction machine.
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  • Satoshi Ogasawara, Masashi Tomita, Hirofumi Akagi
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 883-890
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Corona discharge treaters have been used to treat surface of polyethylene films and to improve affinity for inks. The features of a resonant inverter system using IGBT's for corona discharge treaters developed in this paper are as follows. (1) No external reactors or capacitors are necessary because a series resonant circuit is composed of a leakage inductor of a step-up transformer and a capacitor between discharge electrodes of the treater. (2) A three-phase diode rectifier can be used because the output power is controlled by adjusting output power factor of the inverter. (3) A capacitor is connected between a collector and emitter of IGBT's to reduce switching losses.
    An optimal design of the capacitor is done by utilizing an analog circuit simulator. The authors propose an equivalent circuit of the IGBT because there may be no exact IGBT model for analog circuit simulators. The validity of the equivalent circuit is verified by comparing experimental results with simulated ones. As a result, it is shown experimentally that the optimal capacitor, which is determined by the simulation developed in this papaer, leading to higher efficiency.
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  • Chihiro Tsukishima, Shuhei Nakata
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 891-898
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A kicker magnet and a pulse modulator with a low charging voltage and a short rise time are designed and fabricated for an extraction instrument of an 1GeV electron synchrotron of Mitsubishi Electric Corp. The kicker magnet is a lumped type one with a C type ferrite yoke. The gap height of the magnet is 15mm and the yoke width is 30mm. Total length of the magnet is 0.6m and the inductance is about 1.5μH.
    The effect of the residual magnetic field of the magnet on the low energy electron beam is studied by a beam tracking method. The results show the residual field must be lower than 1 G to obtain enough dynamic aperture of the low energy beam.
    The modulator consists of two Blumlein line modulators, whose inpedance are 75Ω, and is switched by a single thyratron. At the magnet, the lines are connected in series such that the inner conductor of one line is connected to the outer conductor of the other line. Then, the current in each line are added at the kicker magnet. In our system, the magnet is connected to the modulators with a mismatched resistor. Therefore the current has a damping oscillation waveform.
    The rise time of the current is about 40ns and the charging voltage of the modulator at the extraction from the synchrotron is no more than 40kV and which is a quarter of the voltage when a conventional P. F. N type modulator is used. The flatness of the waveform is less than ±1% and the stability is no more than 0.1%. The restriction of the residual field is satisfied by using the damping oscillation waveform of the current. The measured value of the residual field is reduced by factor 4 (0.5G) compared with the one by a rectangular waveform.
    At the extraction operation, successful extraction of eight bunches from fifteen bunches in the synchrotron are measured by a wall current monitor at the extraction transport line.
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  • Shizumasa Okudaira, Kouki Matsuse
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 899-900
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Hisao Kubota, Kouki Matsuse
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 901-902
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Fukuo Shibata, Nobuyuki Naoe
    1992 Volume 112 Issue 9 Pages 903-904
    Published: September 20, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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