Faced with an increasingly tense global public mental health crisis, the restorativeness of built environments has attracted much attention. The outbreak of COVID-19 outbreak impeded the balanced physical, psychological, and social development of individuals, inducing and exacerbating mental health problems. Because of the high incidence of seasonal mental illness in a winter city, the health risk is more intense than in other climate areas. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to health-supportive environments that are closely related to daily life in the design and planning processes of cold land cities. As a critical part of the city, streets have a significant impact on the public's behavior and psychological perception, especially when there is no traffic interference and users are completely exposed to the environment on pedestrian streets, which will more directly affect people's psychological feelings. Therefore, from the perspective of the user's psychological perception, based on the particularity of cold climates and the users' needs, this study provides a system of influencing factors for the restorativeness of pedestrian streets in winter cities, including visuality, mobility, ecology, and usability factors. Subsequently, three types of pedestrian streets in Harbin, a typical winter city, were selected to collect and analyze multi-source data on various pedestrian street factors. The study considers users as the main body of evaluation to measure the public perception level of the three types of pedestrian streets in cold and non-cold seasons using the Perception Recovery Scale. Finally, the correlation between various factors and public perception is discussed using a geographic detector model to explore the factors influencing the restorativeness of pedestrian streets in winter cities and the correlation degree of various factors. These findings can help develop targeted design strategies to improve pedestrian street design for better restorativeness.

Development gaps between regions are still a problem that occurs in several countries, including Indonesia. This condition causes an area to lag behind other regions, which ultimately results in poverty and low welfare. This is not in line with the concept of sustainable development, which emphasizes "no one left behind" with the existence of areas that are still left behind. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of the underdeveloped regions in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province, Indonesia, from economic, social, and ecological aspects and formulate alleviation strategies. The data used in this study was collected through secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Village Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration (Kemendesa), as well as statistical data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) Indonesia. Data was analyzed using Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) to determine its sustainability status and determine the best strategy for alleviating underdeveloped areas. The results showed that the economic dimension has a bad sustainability status compared to the other two dimensions, where there are only 3 districts with good status. Meanwhile, there are 7 districts with good status in the social dimension and 11 districts with good status in the ecological dimension. On the other hand, there are underdeveloped districts that have good sustainability in two dimensions at once. The most influential attributes of sustainability in each dimension include electrification, school participation, and disasters. The strategy for alleviating disadvantaged areas is through mainstreaming intervention programs in disadvantaged districts that have good sustainability on two dimensions and have the highest scores on each dimension. In addition, alleviation optimization is carried out through development planning, which leads to the most influential attributes in each dimension of sustainability.

Rapid urbanization poses significant challenges for cities worldwide, particularly in managing natural hazards such as floods. In Tebessa, Algeria, accelerated and unplanned urban expansion over recent decades has markedly increased the city’s exposure to flood risks, making it the national leader in the number of buildings located within flood-prone zones. However, the direct link between urban growth and flood vulnerability in Tebessa remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining the impact of urbanization-driven land use changes on flood risk over a 33-year period (1990–2023). Employing multi-temporal Landsat satellite imagery and the Land Use Change Detection Tool, the study maps urban expansion and assesses its spatial and temporal relationship with flood-prone areas. Post-classification comparison of images from 1990, 2001, 2012, and 2023 reveals a 47% increase in urban areas and a 39.39% rise in flood-affected zones, accompanied by a 42.06% reduction in bare land. These results indicate that rapid urbanization, often at the expense of natural drainage areas, is a primary factor in the intensification of urban flooding. The study highlights the effectiveness of remote sensing and GIS technologies in analyzing urban dynamics and provides actionable insights for urban planners. Integrating these tools into planning processes is essential for promoting sustainable development and effective flood risk mitigation in Tebessa and other similarly affected cities.

The rapid spatial expansion, longer trip lengths and low to moderate population and built densities have necessitated Indian metropolitan cities to leverage the potential of the mass transit systems through TOD policies and Development Control Regulations (DCR). Bengaluru, currently the world’s second most congested city, aims to reduce its mobility issues by proposing a suburban railway project, intending to utilise TOD as a tool to increase ridership. The planning and implementation of TOD around a transit station have been studied to a great extent in European countries. Several authors have argued that assessing TOD potential before the operation of transit services, is a crucial and a research gap in Indian cities. The transit stations' potential is evaluated using parameters that define the objectives and principles of TOD. This study aims to measure the existing TOD potential of the stations in the proposed suburban railway corridor based on the adopted parameters, which are then measured using spatial and quantitative analysis tools to develop a TOD index. Furthermore, TOD typologies are devised using a Latent Class Clustering Model (LCCM), serving as benchmarks for advocating strategies to improve the existing TOD index. By establishing a shared standard within the same typology, LCCM lessens the complexity of administering the urban infrastructure. Thus, this study contributes to the existing body of literature by formulating an approach to assess the existing TOD potential and devising TOD typologies to enable easier incorporation of proposals. In this template file as introduction for the format of this journal. All content should follow the suggested AbstractEnstyle.

The structure of cities changes over time with various interactions. Urban regeneration strategies have an important place among these factors. This significantly affects the transformation process seen in many cities around the world. It changes the morphological structure of cities and substantially affects their socio-economic and cultural structure and climatic characteristics. This article aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation for future studies in this field while seeking answers to the question, "How does urban transformation affect urban morphology?". In this context, the study first addresses relevant definitions and historical background of urban regeneration and discusses the main approaches to urban morphology. Studies on the effects of urban regeneration on urban morphology in social, cultural, environmental, and climatic terms are analyzed with a bibliometric method. From the Scopus database, 4213 studies in the "urban morphology" field were identified, and 519 studies were reached by narrowing down the words urban regeneration, urban renewal, urban transformation, and urban redevelopment. The data obtained from Scopus were analyzed using the VOS Viewer program for keywords, citations, country, journal activity, and co-occurrence. The results revealed that urban morphology is a field that offers various approaches and valuable methods that examine the physical, environmental, and social aspects of urban transformation that can be used in multidisciplinary research.

In recent years, flood damage in Japan has intensified due to the effects of global climate change. Flood prevention efforts led by public authorities are no longer sufficient to respond to the increasing frequency of flood events. As a result, it is becoming more important for individuals and households to adopt their own protective measures. Meanwhile, Japan’s aging population has led to a growing demand for barrier-free housing designed to support daily mobility. However, such housing often lacks architectural features suited for flood resilience. This study investigates the feasibility of indoor vertical evacuation to the second floor during flood scenarios, particularly when water enters through the entrance. Six barrier-free residential floor plans were analyzed using graph-theoretical indicators, including Total Depth (TD), Mean Depth (MD), Relative Asymmetry (RA), integration (i), Weighted Path Length (WPL), and Flood Critical Value (FCV). Both spatial configuration and furniture placement were evaluated for their impact on evacuation performance. The findings indicate that floor plan layout, staircase position, hallway connectivity, and furniture arrangement all play a critical role in the effectiveness of indoor evacuation. This underscores the importance of evacuation-informed residential design, which integrates architectural planning and interior layout to improve flood resilience at the individual level.

Personal exposure assessment is crucial for public health research, which requires multi-dimensional environmental data with high spatiotemporal resolution. Previous studies mainly relied on either stationary or mobile sensing methods to measure environmental indicators. However, these approaches faced limitations in spatial coverage or temporal continuity, which may lead to inadequate accuracy for high-resolution mapping. To address this gap, this paper proposes a "Stationary-mobile Sensing" paradigm that integrates stationary and mobile sensing through dynamic calibration and spatiotemporal fusion. Experiments were conducted within a 3-hectare dormitory area, utilizing six multi-sensor devices to collect various environmental data including temperature, noise, and PM_2.5 data. By combining the temporal continuity of stationary sensing with the spatial granularity of mobile sampling, this integrated approach enabled 15m-resolution environmental mapping with temporal variation for each indicator. Results demonstrated that estimation error reductions of the proposed method reduced over 50% compared to single-mode approaches, achieving RMSE values of 0.61°C for temperature, 1.48 μg/m³ for PM_2.5, and 0.90 dB for noise. This optimized sensing and mapping method can help to enhance the precision in individual exposure assessment, supporting targeted interventions to mitigate urban health risks.

Rapid urbanization challenges the provision and management of Urban Green Spaces (UGS), essential to both urban ecological health and human well-being. The recent decline in UGS availability and accessibility calls for nuanced evaluation tools. In response, this research introduces the Integrated Neighbourhood Green Index (INGI) - a multifaceted index assessing urban green spaces, considering their distribution, accessibility, environmental conditions, and population density. The application of INGI in the context of Bhopal, India, reveals a city-wide score of 0.627, underscoring the rich but unevenly distributed urban green infrastructure. Careful data management strategies mitigated the impact of ward area outliers, preserving the robustness of our results. Bhopal's urban environment, with 1180.541 Ha of open green space and an average Land Surface Temperature of 32.8167°C, illustrates the complexities of managing UGS in rapidly growing cities. The INGI, as demonstrated in this study, serves as a vital tool for shaping sustainable urban development policies and strategies. Its utility transcends the geographical boundaries of this study, offering potential applications in diverse urban contexts worldwide.

This paper discusses how to reduce the average external thermal insulation value（U_A value） through the method of increasing the residential external area from view of Japanese designers and policy makers. The U_A value is an important residential thermal parameter in Japan, but there is a lack of discussion on its relationship with the shape of the house or the external area. In this research, We categorized two main way of changing external area and used a method of Modular analysis and Comparative analysis with 360 cases ,we find that U_A value is strongly connect to external walls (R²＞0.8) and can be reduced by 10-15% by expanding external walls in normal cases, but a side effect of the sharper increase of total heat loss will appear. Therefore, this paper proposed a guideline of achieve best thermal evaluation in the current regulation and suggests that designers should only consider reducing the U_A value by increasing the external area if the U_A value is close to the requirement of the energy-saving benchmarks, or if it is difficult or costly to change the construction, and that designers should give priority to reducing the U_A value by adjusting the ratio of the area of the upper and lower floors, which is a more economical way to reduce the growth of energy.

This research delves into assessing the quality of the pedestrian environment within public transport districts for differently abled people. Public Transport Districts (PTD) are essential for cities to enhance mobility, reduce congestion, and promote sustainable transportation. However, the significance of these districts also lies in their need for meticulous planning and design of quality pedestrian environments that prioritize inclusivity and accommodate people with diverse abilities. The research underscores the oversight in many developing countries regarding the inclusion of people with disabilities in urban environments. As such, it is specifically centered on Pettah - a critical public transportation hub and a bustling economic centre in Colombo, Sri Lanka. This focus is driven by the research question: “How well does the current pedestrian environment facilitate differently abled individuals within the city’s public transport district?". Accordingly, the research utilizes the Pedestrian Environmental Quality Index (PEQI) as its primary evaluation tool to analyse the quality of the pedestrian environment. This involves an extensive analysis encompassing 33 intersections and 57 street segments. The outcomes reveal that 66.7% of intersections prove unsuitable, while 57.9% of street segments exhibit poor environmental conditions for differently abled individuals within the PTD. Leveraging Geographical Information Systems (GIS), the research also maps the PEQI attributes and scores, facilitating informed decisions to enhance pedestrian systems. These insights are invaluable for urban designers and policymakers to better understand the challenges faced by differently abled individuals within urban environments and pave the way for more inclusive cities in the future.

Accelerating urbanization worldwide necessitates urgent action towards sustainable development. An essential strategy is in the creation of plug-in places, which involves redesigning urban landscapes to prioritize environmental well-being. By integrating green infrastructure and innovative design, plugin places have the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of urban growth while steering towards a more eco-conscious future. Traditional urban development often exacerbates environmental degradation and social inequalities. However, plugin places offer a promising solution by advocating for sustainable technologies, community engagement, and ecological resilience. The present study emphasizes the growing challenges faced by modern cities due to rapid urbanization. This results in neglected residual spaces that could be strategically repurposed to foster social interaction, recreational activities, and environmental benefits. The study involves a comprehensive analysis of residual spaces within Chennai city, particularly Velachery subarea focusing on their potential for transformation. It involves field study on place making to glean insights into innovative design approaches. The concept of take away plug-in spaces is explored to understand their impact on designated areas. The findings demonstrate the potential of transforming neglected residual spaces into community hubs, incorporating green spaces, mixed-use developments, and infrastructure projects. This contributes to revitalizing urban environments and fostering a more sustainable future for Chennai. The study emphasizes the importance of proactive planning to accommodate future developments and societal needs. It highlights the potential of transforming Chennai's cityscape by strategically utilizing residual spaces to create a more vibrant, inclusive, and sustainable urban environment.

With an emphasis on the thermal performance (TP) and energy efficiency (EE) of green roof (GR) systems, this study explores these systems' ecological and economic sustainability in urban settings. A simplified methodology was created to assess the TP of both extensive and intensive green roof variations. The findings underscore the critical function of GRs in reducing heat flux in buildings with insufficient insulation, stressing that larger roof substrates result in more significant heat reduction. Drier soil conditions provide better thermal insulation. Other important elements included soil moisture content and its effect on evapotranspiration. Specifically, the broad and intense green roof systems improved energy and environmental performance and dramatically lowered temperatures by roughly 3.3 and 3.5 degrees Celsius, respectively. The temperature drops affect roofs' outside surface temperature and contribute to alleviating the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Intensive green roofs IGRs, in particular, showed better thermal performance because of their higher Leaf Area Index (LAI) and thicker substrate. A multi-criteria analysis comparison was carried out to evaluate different GR systems' energy and environmental performance. The findings ascertain that the technique of IGR is a feasible option for lowering the building cooling energy requirements and lessening the effects of UHI, especially in semi-arid climates. This study offers helpful information for architects, legislators, and urban planners on how to use GR systems to improve ecological sustainability and economic benefits in urban settings.

This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the quality of life in an urban marginality in the province of Constantine, Algeria. The focus is on examining the dynamics of a colonial resettlement estate established around 1958 and tracing the evolution of such a settlement over time. Furthermore, the study contributes to the broader discourse on urbanisation and its impact on marginalised communities. The research employs a field-based study using both objective and subjective approaches, including observation and face-to-face interviews. The surveys were conducted across 54 dwellings, housing 448 people in 103 households. The analysis, carried out using SPSS, involves four representative evaluation criteria, each with a set of indicators. The findings provide valuable insights into the enduring effects of urban planning and development policies. Notably, the estate has undergone numerous changes and transformations since its completion, such as alterations to dwelling layouts (91% of units), vertical and horizontal extensions (61%), and the implementation of various public amenities' infrastructures. Despite these improvements, the study reveals that residents still perceive the living conditions as inadequate for ensuring a decent quality of life. Specifically, 28% of respondents express dissatisfaction with the overall living conditions in the estate, and 61% report dissatisfaction with dwellings’ living conditions.

Due to changes in climate, non-controlled large-scale wildfires are becoming more frequent and dangerous for human lives and residential areas. A quantitative assessment of soil erosion is needed to outline an evaluation on the extent and magnitude of post-fire soil erosion potential and to develop the effectiveness of the mitigation actions and conservation plans. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess burned severity and estimate the rate of soil erosion risk by using the coupling of a satellite imagery-based Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for the wildfire event on 22-26 February 2020 in Khao Phra district, Thailand. The results of this study indicate that the areas of high and moderate burned severity are ~0.2 (0.36%) and ~11 sq.km. (20.44% of the total of study area), respectively and the soil erosion rates of pre- and post-wildfire are 330 and 459 ton/ha/year, respectively. In addition, our findings reveal significant geographical soil erosion prone locations, which can help in making decisions and developing plans related to the wildfire mitigation actions, humanitarian assistance, and natural conservation.

The advancement of automated vehicles is set to reshape transportation systems and urban development patterns, making it crucial to understand their future penetration. This study aims to predict the types and extent of automated vehicle (AV), shared automated vehicle (SAV), and shared automated electric vehicle (SAEV) penetration in Istanbul using a predictive fuzzy-based model. The Mamdani fuzzy inference system, incorporating five main criteria and nine sub-criteria, was applied to handle imprecise information from expert opinions and to simulate various planning scenarios from 2020 to 2060. The importance and motivation of this study lie in the need to anticipate and plan for the transformative impact of self-driving vehicles on urban transportation systems, ensuring that cities are prepared for the technological, infrastructural, and policy changes required for their integration. The research addresses the challenge of predicting how different types of self-driving vehicles will penetrate urban areas, helping to guide future planning and infrastructure development in Istanbul. The model results indicate that self-driving vehicles are expected to be concentrated in central business districts (CBDs) such as Kadıkoy, Beşiktaş, Sarıyer, and Üsküdar, driven by advanced transportation options and technological opportunities. Suburban residents, in contrast, are projected to prefer autonomous public transit over private AVs. Based on the predicted SAV and SAEV demands, there is a need to increase pick-up/drop-off points and charging stations, especially in districts like Çatalca and Silivri on the European side and Şile and Tuzla on the Asian side. Addressing parking challenges in the CBDs will also be necessary. The study’s findings offer valuable insights for transportation planners and decision-makers, highlighting the importance of enhancing electronic infrastructure, V2X communication, and reducing costs to promote autonomous vehicle adoption. Overall, this research contributes to future urban and transportation planning, helping predict driverless vehicle integration up to 2060 and guiding the design of essential infrastructure for Istanbul’s evolving mobility landscape.

Commuting to school is one of the major activities of children in their daily lives. Over the last two decades, children's school commutes in Indian urban areas have significantly transitioned from active to passive modes. Expansion of school choice policies, new schools and the growth of automobiles are the leading factors of the increased home-to-school distance and diverse commute modes in India. This study investigates the children's school commute patterns in distinct urban neighbourhoods. This study employed a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study in four urban neighbourhoods in Visakhapatnam, India. The neighbourhoods were selected based on location (inner metropolitan, suburban established, suburban isolated and transient neighbourhoods), land use proportion, temporal changes and access to transportation facilities. Chi-square tests were employed to assess the association among the variables, and a multilevel multinomial logistic regression was performed to predict the odds of various commute modes across neighbourhoods. The results show a significant association of neighbourhood-specific factors in children's school commute mode. The threshold of walking and cycling varied among the neighbourhoods. Urban planners and policymakers should focus on pedestrian and cycle-friendly infrastructure in neighbourhood environments to encourage and promote active school commutes.