In Japan, long-term care facilities for the aged are general hospitals, hospitals for the aged, geriatric intermediate care facilities (GICFs), special nursing homes (for those needing activities of daily living assistance) and so on. GICFs were introduced for the hospitalized disable elderly to be adapted to the home-care program by rehabilitation and activity programs.

　　Recently, in spite of the original institutional object, a number of cases with prolonged stay in general hospitals, hospitals for the aged and GICFs has increased. In this paper, 72 males and 216 females in 3 GICFs, and 175 males and 346 females in 3 hospitals for the aged, staying more than 3 months were investigated to analyze the factors affecting the prolonged stay.

　　Conclusion are as follows;

　　1. Care-givers not having desires to take care of the aged prolonged stay at GICFs increased more than those at hospitals, because of tiredness for home-care. For supporting home-care, it is very necessary readily to re-enter in GICFs for the aged, and to coordinate psychological assistance for care-givers.

　　2. For adequate home-care management, coordinators in GICFs are expected to arranged the social resources according to the situation of each family for quality assurance, in the long-term care services.

　　3. Many care-givers could be characterized as displeased to take care of the inmate with “hopeless condition to get better”. Reasons to prolong stay in hospitals are not only to feel anxiety to relapse and to be disability for care-giving in home-care, but also not to enter easily in special nursing homes, to bear the expenses in special nursing homes more than in hospitals according to circumstances, and to keep up appearances for each family.

　　4. As analyzed by the type of facility, coordinators in hospitals tended to advise to enter in special nursing homes more, and the inmate and their family wanted to stay at hospitals more.

　　In order to fulfill the faculty of GICF, a function of coordinating the human relationship among the family, and providing psychological assistance for the care-giver is very important. Still more it is necessary to evaluate and to improve home care management, and functionally parts in long-term care facilities.

　　This study was designed to examine how adolescent females perceive their parents' equity in the division of household labor. Questionnaires were administered to female students. They were asked their parents' equity/inequity in household labor from two kinds of viewpoints; relational comparison and referential comparison (Van Yperen ＆ Buunk, 1991). They evaluated how equitable the division of household labor between their father and mother was. Next, they compared how their parents divided household labor with the way other parents divided. The quality of their parents' relationships was rated by the revised Quality Marriage Index (QMI; Norton, 1983). In addition, they rated their own sex-role attitude, using Spence ＆ Helmreich's (1978) Attitudes Toward Women Scale. Parents' masculinity-feminity was measured by Yamaguchi's (1985) scales.

　　The main results were as follows:

　　1) As expected, female students felt their mothers were much underbenefited in the household labor.

　　2) Among egalitarian students, the relational comparison was significantly related with the revised QML. This result was consistent with the similarity hypothesis proposed by Van Yperen ＆ Buunk (1991).

　　3) Among traditional students, adultness in their mothers was associated with the relational comparison. In contrast, egalitarians' ratings for sex-role characteristics of their parents were not related to either of two comparisons.

　　Does a preschooler's mother think of herself as a “full-fledged” mother? This research focused on when, why and how a mother came to think of herself as fulfiling this role by analyzing the responses of 83 mothers to a four-item questionaire. The main findings were as follows. Mothers had two criteria in order to think of themselves as “full-fledged”. One was to give priority to their own children, and the other was to gain confidence in their child-care abilities. Furthermore, they had a few theories on maternal development as well. First, they believed that becoming a mother was not a rapid change, but rather a progressive development. They thought that they developed into “full-fledged” mothers on a step-by-step basis. And next, they regarded that a mother's development is synchronized with her own child's development.

　　The purpose of this study was to examine, the learners' opinion toward the gender role, the learners' knowledge of gender role and the effect of applied examples in teaching the knowledge of gender role that it is changeable by social and cultural condition, that is, “Theory of gender role deccided relatively”, in order to advance the free choices of women's life course.

　　The learners were 57 female high school students. Two kinds of reading materials were constructed. One was included applied examples, the other was not included it. The learners were separated into 2 groups and allotted the each materials.

　　The main result is that the learners having more correct knowledge of gender role advanced their understanding of “Theory of gender role decided relatively”. And the need of the further study was suggested.