Purpose

　　Family problems greatly influence today's children, causing maladjustment and behavior problems. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the family image held by elementary school students in order to understand their behavior in terms of their family relationships .In this study, we tried to clarify the family image held by elementary school students using the family image method.

Subject and method

　　The family image method was used to study 139 (64 boys and 75 girls) fourth to sixth graders in X elementary school in A prefecture. The group method was used for the survey.

Results

　　(1) In terms of power image, children considered their fathers the most powerful, followed by their mothers and themselves . Boys tended to be more conscious of their own power than girls.

　　(2) Placement image

　　Regarding placement image, many elementary school students placed their parents higher than themselves.

　　(3) Relationship

　　The greatest number of students saw the relationship between their parents, as well as the relationship between the parents and children, as strong. Children from 10 to 12 years old tended to be more conscious of their parents' relationships than nine- year olds . Children in a nuclear family tended to have a stronger image of their parents' close relationships than those in an extended family.

　　(4) Psychological distance

　　There was no extreme difference in the psychological distance among father, mother and child. For example, by placing each one of them at the apexes of a triangle with each side representing the psychological distance among them, it formed a nearly regular triangle .

　　This study investigated middle-aged married couples' emotional marital relationship, and analyzed its association with demographic variables and wives' feeling toward taking care of family members, using the analytical concept “Emotional Care” . Questionnaire was used. Participants were 193 wives in nuclear families. The main results were as follows. (1) Couples' emotional-care relationship was asymmetrical; the degree of wives emotional care toward husbands was higher than that of husbands toward wives. (2) Main effect of wives' educational background and economic status had significant effects on couples' emotional-care relationship; the higher wive's educationl background and economic status were, the more symmetrical the couples' emotional-care relationship were. (3) Asymmetrical emotional-care relationship was significantly associated with wives' negative feeling toward taking care of family members.

　　This study investigates the cognition of the youth toward the parent's expectation.

　　In the primary research, free description questionnaire method is used to classify the youth's catch ways of the expectation and the ways to handle expectation. The following facts are proven. In the case where the expectation is positively caught, most respondents will act according to the expectation. When the expectation is negatively caught, the respondents will resist, make self-adaptation or make persuasion with their parents. On the other hand, the result also shows that there are respondents who cannot express the feeling of not wanting to act according to the expectation.

　　In the second research, case studies are used to investigate the cognition of parents-child relation from two aspects. The first aspect is the dynamics of communication between parents and child that handle the expectation. The second aspect is from Kinetic Family Drawing which show the parents-child's interaction of cognition both consciously and unconsciously.

　　The following conclusions were shown: The recognition of equal parents-child relation is important. To express the feeling of not being able to act according to the expectation, the trust to parents is necessary.

　　The ethics of the clinical psychology field complies with the ancient domestic and foreign general ethics. And also it has something to do with approach to family relationships.

　　The principle of ethics for the current Japanese clinical psychologists has been widely modeled the principle of ethics for the American clinical psychologists.

　　Based on the principle, the ethics committee was established and treating various ethical issues. The fact of the various incidents will be confirmed completely and discussed at the committee and then given opinions to the board of directors for the resolutions. Since the ethics issues involved in the clinical psychology has close relation with the psychological techniques, the committee faces several difficulties during the discussion. The future assignment the clinical psychologists have to manage attends their duties with conscious of ethics that connect directly to themselves and to the approaches.