The purpose of this investigation is to examine the substances and effects of the stressors with family member's death, that is, “secondary stressors”.

　　Study1: 156 Subjects who experienced the death of a family member answered an open-ended questionnaire concerning stressors associated with family member's death. As a result of this research, 8 categories were classified: “Difficulties among family members” , “Difficulties on the social life” , “Difficulties on the housekeeping” , “Change of the environment of living” , “Unsuitable support” , “Conflicts with relatives” , “Things after bereavement (e. g. procedures for succession to property)”, and “Economical difficulties”.

　　Study 2: Subjectes consisted of 61 widowed from Study 1 and 30 married (“married group”). They answered a questionnaire concerning mental health (General Health Questionnaire Japanese Version, 28 version). 61 widowed were distingushed “stress group” from “non-stress group” according to the result of Study 1. Three groups were compared by using one-way analysis of the variance (ANOVA) on mental health, and further ppost hoc comparisons was undertaken. The total score of GHQ 28 of “stress group” was significartly the highest among three groups. That of “married group” was lower than that of both “stress group” and “non-stress group”. That is, mental health of the widowed may be made worse group and “non-stress group”. That is, mental health of the widowed may be made worse by “secondary stressors” as well as loss itself.

　　These findings suggested the necessities of instrumental supports and family intervention.

　　This paper examined the relations of father's cooperation with family chores to mother's mental stress, child's social adaptability, and father's own personality development. 235 married couples with a primary school child lived in Saitama were selected as subjects. Two kinds of questionnaire, that is the measure of father's cooperation with family chores and father's personality development were administered to these fathers. As for mothers, three kinds of questionnaire (or test), that is the scale of mother's trait anxiety, mother's mental stress, and mother's recognition of the child's adaptability, were administered. Results showed that one of the subscales of father's cooperation with family chores named “communication between husband and wife” had significantly negative correlation with mother's mental stress, such as the lack of concentration, the feeling of isolation. and the feeling of self-blockade. Further, the children who had both higher cooperative father and less stressive mother showed higher social adaptability scores than those who had both lower cooperative father and higher stressive mother. As to father's own personality development, subscales named “support to domestic duties” and “communication between husband and wife” showed significant positive correlation with most subscales of father's personality development. These results were discussed mainly from the previous studies concerning family system.

　　This paper aims to clarify the relation between cognition of parents and their ways of care taking of the infant cries and to reveal the cognitive framework is correlated with the daily stress of parents. Thirteen mothers and thirteen fathers with preschool children, rated the cries of the low-and high-complications infants, and noted the questionnarie about care-taking of the cries. The results were as follows: (1) No differences of cognition to the cries were indicated between mothers and fathers, (2) Both mothers and fathers were albe to discriminate two kinds of cries, and in regard to high-complications infant cries, (3) In case the cognition is aversiver they selected the urgent ways of caretaking more than the others, (4) The numbers mothers didn't know the cause of the infant cries were related to their cognition of aversiveness. (5) Negative cognition of mothers is correlated with their daily stress of child rearing. These results mean that mothers and fathers might have the relation between cognition and their ways of caretaking of infant cries, furthermore the mothers' cognition might be relivant with their child rearing through mother infant interaction.

　　Functioning the self-regulatory, the smiling face lead interpersonal systems for the centripetal tendency, when the system is in the centrifugal tendency accorging to the conflict discourse situations and so on. The purpose of this study was to investigate this thing in more detail by the examination of the linguistic strategy level. Subjects were thirteen couples, members of the social dancing club in university. They were asked to participate in conversations with their partners in two conflict situations (role-play and real problem). Each utterance was classified into three linguistic strategies (the avoidance strategy, the pretense strategy, the integration strategy). It assumed that the centrifugal tendency about the system was high in above-mentioned order about this 3 strategies. As a result, the smiling face lead many to the extent that the centrifugal tendency of the strategy in high. In this study, it confirmed that the smiling face had a self-regulatory function of inter-personal system in the linguistic strategy level. Finally, we suggest that by paying attention to the smiling face in the psychotherapy scene, it considered to be able estimating centrifugal phenomenon's of the system.