In this study, we examine relationships between the junior high school students' cognition of parenting and their mothers' parenting. The parenting theory of Baumrind (1967, 1996) is used in this study. This parenting theory has two dimensions, responsiveness and demandingness.

　　First, we make these scales of parenting for the junior high school students and their mothers. These scales were named “two-dimensional parenting questionnaire” with parent-version and childversion (DPQ-P, DPQ-C). Moreover, the validity was examined.

　　In research 2, we examine the disagreement between mothers and children about parenting. And we examine gender differences about boys' and girls' cognition of parenting.

　　From results, a significant positive correlation was shown about responsiveness. Therefore, it was suggested that there are a lot of parts of agreement of mothers' and children's parenting regardless of gender differences. And, a significant positive correlation was seen for demandingness between mothers' and boys' parenting, but it wasn't seen by girls' parenting. It had been examined only from the aspect like the agreement and the disagreement. In the research, we suggested that there is the disagreement between mothers' parenting and children's cognitions of parenting. And it was suggested to be likely not to happen with the case for the disagreement between mothers' parenting and children's cognition of parenting from this research because of two dimensions of parenting of responsiveness and demandingness.

　　This study intends to examine, through some practice examples, the counseling by adding narrative therapy such as “externalization” that was developed by White and Epston and others (1990) to cognitive behavior therapy which is supposed to be effective for clients with social anxiety disorder. In this case study, a counselor rewrites the dominant-story told by a client for an alternativestory or retells the story using narrative therapy such as externalization of the problem and questions of exception and cognitive behavior therapy such as exposure and relaxation. We also set a time limit for the counseling interview and conduct it 12 times which is proved to be an effective number for the treatment of youth social disorder. We studied the effect of this counseling by observation of the two examples.

　　The purpose of this article was to study linkage with family structure, social power, family stress and family satisfaction from Adolescent's perspective. Family structure was classified by dyadic cohesion (father-mother, father-adolescent, mother-adolescent). These variables were evaluated by adolescent and social power based on referent power, expert power, legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, and attraction power.

　　The subjects were 348 male and 256 female university students, high school students, and junior high school students. They completed questionnaire. The results that (1) the scores of referentexpert power, family satisfaction were high and the scores of reward-coercive power, family stress were low when the father-mother cohesion score was high, and (2) university students showed lower scores of reward-coercive power than high school students and junior high school students, and (3) referent-expert power was related to family structure but reward-coercive power was not. This study suggests different property of social power in adolescent family structure.

　　The purpose of this research was to investigate how husbands' attitudes toward maternal employment predicted their wives' working course (the course of working as full-timers continuously, the course of working as part-timers after their retirement, the course of working as housewives after their retirement). Subjects were 680 pairs of childrearing married couples who have 3-4 year-old children. The main results were as follows. First, factor analysis of the husbands’ attitudes toward maternal employment produced four factors, “approval for maternal employment for their wives themselves”, “approval for maternal employment for economical reason”, “objection to maternal employment for priority of family role”, “objection to maternal employment for their children”. Second, husbands whose mother had working experience rated the factor of “approval for maternal employment for their wives themselves” significantly higher, compared to husbands whose mother had no working experience. Third, husbands’ attitude toward maternal employment had significant association with their wives' working course. The higher husbands rated the two “approval” factors, the more the wives tended to choose the course of working as full-timer continuously, the course of working as part-timer after their retirement, the course of working as housewives in this order. The rates of two “objection” factors did not predict between part-timer and housewives. Discriminant analysis using four factors suggested that the factor “approval for maternal employment for their wives themselves” had the strongest influence on the courses of their wives’ continuously working as full-timer.

　　Social support and psychological well-being in the elderly was examined, particularly the exchange of social support between the elderly and family members such as their spouses, sons, daughters, daughters-in-law, and sons-in-law. Questionnaires were administered to people aged 60 and over. The final sample consisted of 170 elderly respondents (40 males and 130 females).

　　The results are as follows. (1) Elderly males provided more social support to their sons and sonsin-law than did elderly females. Therefore, the elderly males appeared to want to continue their roles as workers. (2) The elderly mothers and their daughters mostly had strong relationships. This is probably because traditional gender roles in Japanese culture have an influence on how social support is exchanged. (3) For elderly males, the type of social support provided was related to psychological well-being, but the type of social support received was not. This is probably because elderly males want to maintain their self-esteem, and improve the experience of their relationships, and continue their roles as workers. (4) For elderly females, social support received from daughters was not related to psychological well-being because the situations in which support received was measured were not related to psychological well-being.

　　This study analyzes the family structure, examines questions about social support, and uses a longitudinal method.

　　Introduction: The number of users of home visiting and medical care has been increasing since 2000 when the long-term care insurance system was launched.

　　The recent high medical technology enables the family care-giver to take care of the people receiving medical care at home. However home care often causes serious and complicated problems, and lots of responsibility to the family care-giver, therefore large number of the people receiving medical care are ultimately moved to the facility such as hospital and care center from the home, which may depend on the family sense of values.

　　Aim: The purpose of this research is to classify the process that the family care-giver recognize his/her own sense of values supporting the people receiving medical care at home.

　　Methods: The research was conducted by qualitative inductive analysis. The eight families caregivers were interviewed at home.

　　Conclusion: The following three categories are the recognition of the sense of values of the family care-giver supporting the people receiving medical care at home and its process; 1. [the people as irreplaceable existence] 2. [being supported by surrounding power to do home care] 3. [living a day being called today in valuable].