The concept of collaboration is important to utilize systemic approach in school counseling. The purpose of This study was to develop “The way of record keeping in collaboration session” (WRKCS) which is useful in the school counseling area.

　　In the WRKCS, the process of collaboration between a therapist and clients can be recorded along the time axis. Then, we can analyze the intention of psycho therapeutic intervention.

　　In this paper, we applied the WRKCS to 1 case and discussed the usefulness of WRKCS.

　　As the results, there were two characteristics of WRKCS.

1. The process of each session can be analyzed in more detail by WRKCS than by word for word, because the therapist can categorize turn taking in the sessions by WRECS.

2. It is useful regardless of the psychotherapeutic orientations, because the WRKCS looks at only dialogues.

　　We must examine the usefulness of the WRKCS by analyzing more cases.

　　This study was a process of psychotherapy for a mother of an elementary school boy with school refusal. The client has said “if my son dose not go to school smoothly, he does not have to go to school”, and thought that operational expectation was not good. And now, he has been school refusal for seven years. The description of this thesis is thinking back to the process of psychotherapy and consideration of psychological appreciation.

　　The purpose of this case research is to examine the internal process of the scaling question. The scaling question was developed by de Shazer, S. and Berg, I. K..

　　The case is the following.

　　A junior high school student, a male, 15 years old, was committed on a charge of injuring a teacher and a friend in his school. By order of a judge, Family Court Probation Officer practiced counseling for him 7 times in the family court.

　　In the counseling, the scaling question was applied to the juvenile delinquent. The theme of the scaling question was the change of the image of the teacher. A numerical number of his scaling went up 7 points from 3 points in 7 months. Gradually the relationship between the juvenile delinquent and the teacher was improved.

　　From this case report, it was suggested that the scaling question was composed of three parts, focusing, quantification, and clarification. Focusing was to decide the theme of scaling. Quantification was to rate situations or experiences with a number on the scale. Clarification or amplification was to explain the differences between numerical value and increased changes.

　　The present study focused on “the tendency towards individualization” (i.e., decreasing mothers' feelings of “oneness” with their family members and increasing mothers' orientation for individual).

　　Moreover, it investigated how this tendency towards individualization could change psychological values of children in mothers.

　　A questionnaire was used. Subjects were 292 mothers in their 30's. We asked them as follows: 1. Why have you decided to have children? (It means psychological value ofc hildren) 2. Why have you decided not to have a child in a future? 3. We asked them about the tendency toward individualization.

　　Psychological values of children are grouped in to five factors; emotional value, self-enhancement value, social value, and child care factors including deperidence on the condition and child support system. Tendency toward individualization is grouped into three factors; emotional oneness, economical oneness and sense of independence. Reasons for not having a child are grouped into three factors; economical burden, psychological burden and needs for the time for oneself.

　　Results showed that stronger the mother's tendency toward individualization, the lower the mother's evaluation of the value of a child, and the higher the needs for the time for oneself. College graduate/working mothers showed stronger tendency for individualization, lower evaluation of social value of the child, stronger dependency on the condition and stronger needs for the time for oneself.

　　This research examined the relationship between spillover of multipe roles of work and family and depression in working mothers and fathers of young children. Data were obtained through questionnaire responses by dual-career couples. As previous researches have focused only upon working mothers, this paper also considers the effects of father's attitude about their wive's employment.

　　The major findings are as follows:

1) Mothers experienced stronger negative spillover from family to work than fathers, but also positive spillover between family and work.

2) Both fathers and mothers showed that their depression was related to positive and negative spillovers from work to family, though negative spillover from family to work did not relate to depression.

3) When taking into account the attitude of fathers about their wive's employment, negative spillover from family to work did relate to depression in fathers who have a negative attitude.

4) These depressed faters were found to feel that their work environment was adverse and their economical condition was unsatisfactory.

5) Mothers who have such kind of partners experienced higher depression than those who did not.

　　These results suggest that father's support of their wives is essential for working mother's mental health, and that it is important to consider the factors such as work environment for fathers'positive attitude toward their wives' working.