The purposes of this study are (1) to translate Family Satisfaction, Parent-Adolescent Communication, and FACES Ⅲ which are based on ‘the Olson Circumplex Model’ into Japanese, and to standardize them, then (2) to describe differences among three developmental stages (elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school level) on those scales. The scales are administered to 165 schoolchildren, 185 junior high school students, 322 high school students and their parents.

　(1) The data are separated according to developmental stages, then factor and reliability (Cronbach Alpha) are analyzed for each split sample. The results indicate that the Japanese version of Family Satisfaction and Parent-Adolescent Communication have high internal consistency and similar construction to the original ones. As for FACES III, the Japanese version is constructionally unstable, therefore it is analyzed into three factors provisionally, using total sample.

　(2) Those scales can describe some differences among the developmental stages, which are the older, the more negative. The other differences described by them are as follows; ①Boys response more negative than girls. ②Father-adolescent communications is more negative than mother-adolescent communications. ③Mother-daughter relationship is remarkably very close.

　Finally, the author plans to investigate relations between adolescents perceptions of their family and problems just like school phobia or cruel bullying.

　The purpose of the present study were to clarify tendency of modern college students’ existential vaccum, to evaluate validity and reliability of PIL and SONG, and to examine relationship between family satisfaction and purpose in life. Japanese versions of family satisfaction scale and Purpose In Life Test (PIL), Seeking of Noetic Goal Test (SONG), were administered to 38 male and 76 female students. The remarkable results were as follows.

　1. Reliability of both PIL and SONG was found to be sufficient level. It is found that PIL was measure of general purpose of life in many aspects, and SONG was able to use in understanding orientation to life.

　2. There was significant negative relation between satisfaction in everyday-life and denial of actuality, and significant negative relation was found between confidence of life and negate of life. It was suggested that modern college students didn't seek truth meaning in life, when they were satisfied with everyday-life.

　3. Some significant positive relationships were found between family satisfaction and PIL. Therefore, it was suggested that satisfaction in family was ralated to pleasant everyday-life.

　The aims of this paper are first, to compare the tendency of problem behavior between Korea adolescents and Japanese counterparts, second, to compare the family system between Korea and Japan. Then, finally, to analyse the relationship between problem behavior tendency and family system, and examin the difference in the relationship between Korea and Japan.

　The subjects are male and female students in the first and second grades of senior high school and their parents.

　The differences between the two countries revealed in the results are as follows:

　In the tendency of problem behavior, the Korea subjects marked a high tendency of anti-social problem behavior, whereas the Japanese counterparts revealed a high tendency of a-social problem behavior from emotional insecurity.

　In family system Korea subjects showed a preference for the traditional elderly male-centered vertical structure; in contrast, Japanese showed a strong tendency of even structure with a modern nuclear family system. It is then assumed that Korean parents intend to control their children in vertical family system and that the feeling of pressure on the part of children increase the anti-social problem behavior of Korean children. In the case of Japanese in the midst of the transition from the vertical to the even family system, parents are inclined to lose control on their children. Thus, the feeling of solitude on the part of children tend to raise the a-social problem behavior.

　This study was designed to test the applicability of equity theory to marital relationships. Questionnaires were administered to middle-aged wives. They assessed equity/inequity in their marital relationships. Measures of their contentment/distress with the relationships and their marital stability were also taken. Furthermore, they completed Attitudes Toward Women Scale (Spence ＆ Helmreich, 1978).

　The main results are as follows:

　1) Perceptions of equity were accompanied with three kinds of moods, labeled as "contentment," "anger," and "guilt."

　2) Wives who felt themselves equitably treated were more content and perceived their relationships to be more stable than those who felt themselves inequitably treated.

　3) Wives with traditional sex-role attitudes were more sensitive to equity/inequity of the relationships than those with nontraditional attitudes.

　The study focuses on family members experiencing (EXP) in a single successful family therapy session. The contents of the session were categorized into three phases (pre-intervention phase, intervention phase and post-intervention phase). In the intervention phase, the therapist intervened in the sequence of the communication between family members (the IP and mother) which had been in double-bind, with Augmented Feedback Technique. As a result, the difficulty in the communication between them was improved.

　Every statement in the session was rated by a coder. The statements of the IP and mother were rated on Patient EXP Scale. The statements of the therapist were rated on Therapist (TR) Scale.

　The finding shows that family member EXP ratings and therapist TR scale ratings in the intervention phase are significantly higher than in the pre-intervention and the post-intervention. It suggests that this kind of technique can be interpreted as a kind of facilitation technique of experiencing.

　This is a report of a case of Family Therapy in which a woman who had been proposed marriage was unable to make up her mind for half a year and became depressed.

　She and her fiancé had undergone Family Therapy four times. After the therapy they were able to decide by breaking the "cycle of indecision" between them. As a result, the woman recovered from her depression.

　We considered the cycle of indecision to be supported by mutual double bind, so we studied both the individual life cycles and the family life cycles of the patients.

　Prior to Family Therapy the woman had undergone individual counseling. When she came to Family Therapy, we were also engulfed in her "cycle of indecision".

　This process caused us some consern over the relation between individual counseling and Family Therapy.

　Through the relations with their family members, children accumulate knowledge, learn the roles of both sexes, and acquire the skills and techniques necessary for social life. At the same time, they learn how to adjust personal relations while playing and mixing with other children. In this paper, I cited the case of a child who was reared an apparently good and obedient child in those family relations which prevent her from voicing her complaints or showing her feelings. She unconsciously repressed dissatisfaction, anger and spite stemming from the need of maternal love. When she came to keep company with a boyfriend in her young-adult period, she did not know how to assert herself with her parents and her boyfriend. She has finally regressed to infant behaviors and suffered from anorexia nervosa because of the long stress of repression. In treatment, I carried out family therapy and personal counseling, aiming at (1) her reacquirement of the developmental tasks which she failed to do, (2) the modification of the roles among her father, her mother and her, and (3) variegation of her social skills. Because it is observed during the treatment that the process of variation of the family role system is deeply related to the cure process, I tried to analyze the case and make clear the relationship between the two processes.