The objective of the present report was to introduce a circular approach and a renew interview method for complaints in a client with school refusal because she posed considerable problems as described below.

　　A 12- year-old girl who was in the six grade in the primary school consulted a school counselor because of her school refusal. She felt isolated from her classmates and failed to attend classes.

　　In quiries into her school refusal and her relationships with her friends and teachers were planned.

　　She has been going to the nurse's room for three months.

　　We had a card game (UNO) which she chose by herself in the nurse's room. The homeroom teacher, vice-principal, the school nurse, her friends and ourselves took part in the game.

　　After 8s interviews using the card game with our supportive interventions, she socially acquired acceptable behaviors and encouraged her self-care skills improved.

　　She participated in the graduation ceremony and went to junior high school. She now tolerates her junior high school life well.

　　Our special intervention was centered on the card game involving the School System, so to speak, through the cooperative efforts with teachers, the school nurse and her friends. We, therefore, conclude that the card game with her behavioral pattern we recognized child's traits, and that our novel method for promoting self-efficacy has a beneficial effect on her school refusal. It was our emphasis in this case report that a school counselor should be positively in contact with the homeroom teacher, her friends and school nurse, irrespective of their roles in school. Several general principles for the psychological management of students with school refusal should be kept in mind. Recently school counselors have been disposed in the junior high school, their role and expectations may spread without border and they may use holistic approaches.

　　The purposes of this study were to (1) construct the Family Identity Scale and (2) to examine the relationships between family identity and contact with family.

　　In Study I, according to the method of scale construction, the reliability and validity of the gathered items were examined. The results showed that family identity consisted of five factors and the Family Identity Scale had high reliability and validity.

　　In Study II , two university students completed the questionnaire composed of the items of Family Identity Scale and the items of past and present contact with family.

　　The main results were as follows: ① Achievement of family identity was positively related to past and present contact with family. ② Female students' scores of family identity achievement and past and present contact with family were significantly higher than those of male students.

　　This paper examined the relations of the father's cooperation with family chores to the mother's feelings of mother-role and wife-role attainment, child's aggression and the father's own stress coping styles. 604 married couples with a kindergarten child living in Gunma were selected as subjects. Two kinds of questionnaires, that is the measure of the father's cooperation with family chores and the father's stress coping styles, were administered to these fathers. As for mothers, two kinds of questionnaires, that is the scale of the mother's feelings of mother-role and wife-role attainment, and the mother's recognition of the child's aggression, were administered. Results showed that one of the subscales of the father's cooperation with family chores named “communication between husband and wife” had significant positive correlations with the mother's feelings of mother-role and wife-role attainment, and significant negative correlations with the child's aggression. And another subscale of the father's cooperation with family chores named “support to domestic duties” showed significant positive correlation with the mother's feeling of wife-role attainment. Furthermore, the children who had higher cooperative fathers and higher motherrole or wife-role attainment mothers showed relatively lower aggression scores. As to the father's stress coping styles, one of the subscales named “communication between husband and wife” had signficant positive correlation with one of the three subscales of the father's stress coping styles named “steady efforts” and significant negative correlation with one subscale named “consulting with other persons.” These results are discussed mainly from the previous studies concerning the family system.

　　This study examined the influence of marital commitment on marital satisfaction and identity development. Questionnaires were administered to 51 couples (mean ages: wives 56.3 years, husbands 59.1 years). The main results were as follows: (1) Marital commitment consisted of three dimensions: personal commitment, functional commitment and obligatory commitment. (2) Husbands scored significantly higher than wives on personal commitment. (3) Personal commitment was positively associated with marital satisfaction and identity development. (4) In addition, identity development was negatively associated with functional commitment and was positively associated with obligatory commitment among wives. The results are discussed in terms of mutuality in enduring marriages.