Formal methods for developing computer systems improve the quality of documentation, making the documents precise for understanding. Formal methods are established based on mathematics; they usually require high cost for training and personal skills to use. For these reasons, there are still challenges when they are applied to business software systems development in industry. In this paper, we present an example to show that a stepwise data refinement approach can be used to facilitate the construction of formal specifications. We first discuss how data types and related objects for input and output are defined clearly, and then present how the declared types and variables are used to write operation specifications.

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If you can't measure of IT, you can't govern , manage and control it. We propose the Framework and the Metrics- Chain-Model for quantative governance and management of IT system, that is Integration of "Evaluation-Direct-Monitoring" governance (based on Key Goal Indicators / Key Performance Indicators) and "Plan-Do-Check-Act" management (based on Service Level Agreements and Operation Level Agreements) cycles. And this guide may be used in conjunction with System Life Cycles Process which is concerned with software process.

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The implemented enterprise systems cannot keep being used automatically for a long time without maintenance. Maintenance is indispensable for every enterprise system to adapt to changes in business environment and new rules in the operational phase. Though it is important for every user organization to design the process of the maintenance management, the fact is that the studies which are focusing on the maintenance activity are a little. This study classifies the individual maintenance tasks based on two perspectives of "content of operation" and "factor of occurrence". In addition, this study identifies the maintenance trends and the characteristic of the investigated enterprise system, based on the number and the workload of each task.

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We examined the feasibility of activity theory in terms of phenomenology for the systems analysis of a first-person perspective that is required in a field of multiple business professionals participating in the development of their future of business.

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As the penetration of the general personal information devices, the importance of programming compatibility is going down. Then, from the three cases show that the information devices connected to the changing paradigm of operatablity(user-friendliness) and portability.

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Many private sectors develop and operate in-house core business information systems as a core copmetence. Local gorvernment's goal is increasing welfare of the inhabitants.To achieve this goal local governments develop and operate information system,but this development and production is difficult by municipal financial difficulties. And, there as a core competence only what is necessary for development and production possible. Not discussed is range in terms of regional informatization, development, operation, and the core competence in terms of revitalization, there is a case of Korea, etc.. Discussion on the core competence of regional informatization.

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In late years needs of the business intelligence (BI) to analyze enormous information, and to make precise decision making rises. However, often fail although introduced BI. The reason is that making the requirement in detail is insufficient.
In this article, we examined the important task in the process of the BI system development. In addition, we apply to demonstration system development and inspect the effectiveness.

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Studies of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) have made remarkable contributions to corporate information system design by analyzing the use of information system on computer as practice in the workplace based on ethnomethodology. It is needed to pay attention to that information system provides an "inscription" to visualize occurrences in a field too broad to experience directly, as well as plays a role as a resource for practice accomplished locally. Here we find a chance to investigate organizational/social aspects of information technology beyond the local/practical perspective. A research direction to understand the organizational aspect of corporate information system design by adopting a concept of "formalization of a problem-solution scheme" will be suggested.

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Geographical information, provided by social media such as Foursquare, is quite sparse in local areas, even though it is heavily clustered in metropolitan area. In order to generate plenty contents in local areas, a local place media system is developed with mobile devices for people in local communities. Members of a local community, e.g., shopping districts and tourist spots, have strong incentives to provide high quality information to their customers. Hence, the system for editing, publishing and managing local contents is developed for the people in communities so that huge amount of contents in local areas are going to be published on the Internet.

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European auto manufacturers have long history of EDI at the development phase, production phase and sale phase. However, the Tier-one supplier which trades with many small and medium suppliers has not exchange by the electronic data. While small and medium suppliers still use FAX for sales order, shipping, Tier-one supplier must enter these analog data for internal computer processing. It has become heavy problems for the Tier-one suppliers that can take time and cost for data entry. One of these solutions is expected to install WebEDI. I would discuss that the German automotive parts trade moves to a cloud computing to analyze WebEDI at Tier-one suppliers. I will also discuss a platform of automotive parts trade in the Internet.

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Results of an interview in 2010, in the case of X Co.Ltd., an affiliate company in China has already established the safety management system, such as HACCP/ISO9001 based operations and self inspection systems, and basic Education System for Food Safety. Concerning Food Defense, the company constitution, operational rules or employee education system have not established yet. Food companies wouldn't be able to prevent intentional contamination perfectly. However Japanese companies need to start to establish countermeasures for Food Defense.

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In order to maximize the throughput of net cash-in flows on the supply chains, the introduction of the latest methodologies of SCM is of essence not only to to the "arterial flows" of goods and services in the production and distribution but to the "venous flows" of money as well. This paper proposes that improvement of STP (Straight-Through Processing) of remittance data with structuring and international standardizing in payment messages plays the key role for the total optimization in the "venous flows" on the whole supply chain.

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The history of the Management Information System in Japan started about 50 years ago. It begins from the automation of the individual business processes in an organization, and is continuing evolution towards the systems integration of supply chains still now. However, its evolution was very slow in comparison with the time scale of the management strategy of its organization. This is because Computer Based Information Systems have not been flexible enough for the changes of business environment. In this paper, we will discuss the meanings and importance of the flexibility of information systems.

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Mobile market potential is enormous, and mobile workers likely will increase around the world in the future. Corporate workers are not aware of the need to measure the effectiveness of implementing mobile solutions, so companies should consider what effects of mobile solutions they obtained. We verify what factors result in differences of mobile solution effect and the degree of effectiveness. The results of this study expected to be helpful for companies to produce a strategy how they should adjust and change its culture and technical environments.

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The main two problems in the enterprise information systems development are enumerated. One is not to be able to operate the disposal of business affairs by a new system. This is because employee's business processing performance doesn't fulfill a necessary business processing performance. Another one is employee's action and pattern of thinking. The information system doesn't automatically process the business. The information system only supports the man activity. Therefore, the system in which man doesn't cooperate doesn't work. Consideration and the correspondence of these two problems are described.

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In a broad sense, the social game is interpreted as  the game in which game users can hold temporary or continuous relationships through communication activities. For example, the social game seems as follows: trading card game, comsumer game with "surechigai-telecommunicatiokn" function, social game played on the web brawser installed in the cellular phone ("Galapagos Ke-Tai").
  As an analytical framework, adapting "media reachness and richness" theory (Hagel and Armstrong, 1997), we attempt classify four types of the social game focusing on analog properties and digital properties. Performing the comparative case studies based on four types of the social game, in the conclusion, the revenue models and  relevant issues for the social game are presented.

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The metaverse is a virtual world on the internet, which can simulate the real world life. The most popular and successful service is Second Life by Linden Lab. One can exchange the virtual money, earned in Second Life, into the real money. It can also be effective marketing and promotion tools for companies. However, there is increasing depopulation in the metaverse year by year. Moreover, there are many companies that withdraw from the metaverse business. These are caused by problems of its usability, aimlessness, high system requirements, cost effectiveness and so on. Therefore, in this paper we survey the situation and problem of the metaverse and propose a new business model which can revitalize the metaverse.

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