Community business plays a key role in strategic promotion of regional developments. And, a concept of information universal design is newly introduced. To overcome dispatching barriers of regional information under universal style for informational handicapped people is discussed.

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This report researched a security hole of human factor in the information security.

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As a new learning style in high education, the lesson called "projected type education" is practiced at each university. However, it is difficult to obtain the expected result. In this paper, we arrange practice of the "projected type education" in a university, systematizes the knowledge as a prototype of "projected type education" methodology, and proposes it. In this methodology, the teacher who internalized SSM practices a lesson, turning the cycle of SSM. Through the practice, we confirmed that the teacher could give more suitable directions and intervention, and the student's satisfaction became high, and the place of the practice was also a place of teacher's learning.

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This article deals with project evaluation under competition. Traditional NPV method couldn't consider flexibility of decision-making, so project value tended to be underestimated. Real Options approach which can make up for the weak point of NPV, is focused recently, but considers only one subject similarly to money market. However, in an actual scene, competitor's decision-making is sure to influence own value, so evaluation of the influence is necessary. Game Theory is effective to optimize own action considering competitor's decision-making (strategy). The model evaluates the project by Real Options Approach and derives subgame perfect equilibria, consequently, provides solution for the project value fallen by competition.

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This paper aims to uncover the working hours of entrepreneurs and examines the determinants. The results of our survey show that entrepreneurs work an average of 66 hours per week, which is 18 hours longer than the average working hours of regular male employees in Japan. Further, we investigate the determinants by estimating standard OLS and sample selection model. The empirical results show that in the case where there are plans for taking a company public, this has positive effects on entrepreneurs' working hours, while the rate of change of sales has negative effects. The former result indicates the possibility that entrepreneurs are strongly motivated by their future remunerations, and the latter result gives an empirical support to Fraja's (1996) model of entrepreneurial activity.

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In order that a company may promote the Research and Development, the state of Research and Development Investment is examined by using the Techno-Dynamics Model in the past, and it could be verified the validity. However, it had been confirmed only a broad viewpoint of Japanese industry. That is, it had not been proved on company level. Thus, we must prove that Techno-Dynamics Model should be effective to use for one electrical company.

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Text Mining Technology is used in many organizations. These are mainly companies. But in local governments, this technology is not used so often. It is often said that now is the time of decentralization of power. So, each local government has to work out an original policy. And more, Information resource becomes to be considered as an important role in local governments. So in this paper, I will consider the application of text mining technology for local governments.

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Conventional business process modeling techniques have been focused on perceiving and describing business process from the viewpoint inside the organization. In this research, we propose a methodology of business process modeling, which starts from perceiving and describing interactions between organization and customer from the customer's viewpoint.

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And then , Infrastructure-IT under IT Japan , they began to use ABC sheet as well as R&D-IT in Summer , 2002. However there were different ABC sheets and it merged with ABC sheet in R&D-IT in Autumn , 2002. A review with each member by manager was monthly based at starting stage of ABC and then three-four months later the review was changed to daily based , every morning/15 minutes with all members in attendance in ABMin Winter 2002. Each project for new application and service for maintenance , it linked with our budget and ABC sheet has changed again for ABB in Jan 2003

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Step1 , IT and business users , we have selected one PDA model from some vendors. Step2 , an existing R&D application such as clinical operation under Client/Server is used by CRSM ( Clinical Research Site Manager ) and then we modified it with add-on function via browser on Java application server , Tomcat as trial test stage. A working time of developing software by IT people were entered to ABC sheet in EXCEL software. After finishing Phase-1 we called Phase-2 , it was difficult to find clear direction for the next step. We had discussed the direction a few times and had drawn up a BSC ( Balanced Scorecard ). An activity item for KPI ( Key Performance Indicator ) on BSC were linked with an activity code on ABC sheet.

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Prolog, a logic programming language, is known as a representative means for knowledge processing. For modeling discrete domains, Prolog has advantages over other procedural languages and spreadsheets. By adding some mathematical routines, it is also broadly applicable to the modeling for decision-making techniques including dynamical optimization and for information systems. The author have been successful in tried out Prolog on decision tree analysis, optimal search, linear algebra, cooperative game, belief function, shortest path algorithm, relational algebra, and so on.

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In the financial statement audit which is the social system to which a third person performs opinion manifestation about the fairness of a financial statement of a company, an effective internal control serves as a prerequisite of audit implementation. In the creation process of the accounting information of a company, it is in the inside where the dependence to the information system which utilized IT is increasing, and validity evaluation of the internal control of an information system is still more important. In this paper, the present status of the business was described about validity evaluation of the internal control of an information system, and the future subject was shown.

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After products are introduced into a target market, the market condition changes into four stages of product life cycle with time progress. The effective new product development management during growth and maturity stages improves product profitability. Obtaining the advantage in a growth stage depends on the quick response to a fast growing market and new entry products. In the case of maturity stage, exact response to the voice of customer is the key to keep the strategic market position. In this research, effective method of strategy transition between both stages are considered. The transition method is developed by consideration of traditional marketing strategy and recent customer characteristics.

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This paper is the new concept paper which was developed by combining the paper of "New management accounting thinking method by reversed positioning of credit and debit for easy understanding by engineers" which was presented by author at 2002 Autumn Conference of Japan Society for Management Information (JASMIN) [1] and "Method for Changing Knowledge to Wisdom" by Esaki [2]. This paper is released as "Concept of Management Accounting Method for Creating the Wisdom".

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The purpose of this article is to propose a dramatic model of negotiation and to deriveunique and deep insghits about a negotiation process. As the results, we point out that negotiation is a process todisolve two types of dilemma, and that if both of them are eliminated then consensus should be reached among the participants.

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In this research, the production scheduling and the materials requirements planning support system corresponding to multi-stage composite type are proposed as an example with a multi-stage composite type process paying attention to the production process of sea-foods industries. In this paper, evaluation verification of materials requirements planning subsystem is performed using the data of a candidate company.

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For the aged or handicapped persons, the suitable care should have to be supported according to the progress of the cared-level. It is needless to say that they have to be considered not only their cared-level but the social conditions like their family and revenue also. In this paper, we will propose an idea of supporting measure according to the cared-level for the welfare of aged or handicapped persons. And at the same time, we will discuss the supporting measure employing information system for each problem.

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In this paper, we investigate into the newspaper article as the preceding research, for the investigation into research of SCM. First, goods are classified according to the difference in a production type, and we investigate about the difference of the purpose and the means for which the firms are asked about SCM. Next, we analyze the stage on supply chain about the difference of the purpose and the mean of SCM.

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It is an important information strategy to drive the integration on the Internet collaborating flexibly and sharing some nucleus business processes among various B2B relations in order to realize creative management. It is necessary to suggest the concept of new management information system to integrate current business processes and to reorganize them according to market changes. In this study, it is suggested the management information system to modularize some business processes each purpose and to package the business services integrating the modules logically via the agents on the Internet. It is tried to consider how normalized business processes or specialized ones are integrated and how enterprise activities are supported dynamically.

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Taking information systems as subsystems belonging to manufacturing systems, their economics are evaluated by use of the method,"imbedding them into the whole system", to make clearly define the boundary conditions. Furthermore, classifying the information systems into intra-enterprise information system, such as ERP,and extra-enterprise information system, such as CRP/SCM, the prototype model of evaluting economics is built to implement stepwise in the order of intra-system and extra-system. Comparing NPV, Monte Calro DCF and Real Options, NPV is applied to manufacturing system and intra-system, and Real Options to extra-system. The detailed calculation results prove the rationality of the proposed prototype of evaluating the economics.

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This paper proposes a framework for analyzing a clerical work from the viewpoint of work steps and information items. The paper analyzes the work by the elements of objective state and products, initial state and materials, and unavoidable transformation defined as the gap between products and materials. The paper pays attention to work steps realizing unavoidable transformation and information items used in each step. The paper then examines how these information items are created in the current work procedure. Thus, the paper presents a framework for designing an improved work from the point of covering all of information items utilized for producing products. The framework can also be used in so-called analytical approach for identifying wasteful steps among the current work steps.

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As a potential base on which a diagrammatic framework for the understanding of IS implementation is developed, Actor Network Theory and Activity Theory are evaluated by examining their involvement of mediation in the core thinking.

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In order to implement Business Process Engineering (BPE) smoothly and efficiently, Business Process Modeling (BPMod) is the most important activity. BPMod techniques support the design, analysis, and implementation of enterprises. However, BPMod techniques have not been reviewed in detail. Then, we explore the various techniques that can be used for BPE.

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The source of the value is in the human capital, and the value creation is extracted from it, and it becomes intellectual property. The control of emotional capital becomes more important to extract value from the human capital. This paper suggests needs of evaluation of emotional capital and how to manage it.

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Business organizations must have their original strategies under these grim economic conditions. But it is not enough to only have strategies. It is more important to operate an organization to achieve well a strategy and it's medium-term plan.This paper covers BSC and in it two problems are pointed out at the stages of setting targets of strategic objectives and, testing/ learning/adapting hypotheses of the strategies. At last, "Model Based Management" is advocated to solve the problems.

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In this paper, we examine the practical ability of two organizational models that are flow model, stock model already reported. We compare with Ratio Analysis Method, which is widely used for the finance data, and redefine indexes by complex number. Furthermore, we discuss on the consistency of the unit system of flow and stock.

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In this paper, we discuss how institutional logics which are contradictory to each other are introduced to the field of interactions on the internet related to secondhand books, and three types of logic are found there; a cultural, a commercial and an alternative-elite's one. This study suggests organizing the activities of individuals by computer-mediated communication who are collectors and shop owners of secondhand books requires the internalization of the alternative-elite's logic and the management of the commercial one.

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This study aims to find Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) management impacts on job satisfaction through CMC effects and organizational structure. To reveal the impacts, data gathered from CMC system users in organizations are analyzed applying path analysis. The results showed that good CMC management has a positive impact on job satisfaction either directly or indirectly through CMC effects and organizational structure change.

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Many approaches to apply an analogy between the "architecture" of architectural engineering and that of information systems have been proposed. It is difficult, however, to apply this analogy directly to large-scaled and complex structured systems. Designing the architecture of an individual application differs from designing enterprise information systems, which are an aggregated structure of architectures. In this report, we propose applying the IT City Planning approach to Enterprise Information Systems on the assumption that the analogy between IT architecture as an aggregate of individual system architectures corresponds to city planning as an aggregate of individual physical architectures. We discuss the applicability and effectiveness of the framework and methodology.

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The development of IT ICT will lead to the integration of computers and networks, which results in open network-based computing as a social infrastructure. In this respect, the development is considered not only as a tool but also as an environment, which brings a structural impact to a process of value creation. In this sense, the development should be considered as paradigm shift and initial analysis of anticipated impacts caused by the paradigm shift on corporate activities be worth doing. Specifically, definition of business model is discussed in comparision to business system and business plan and further analysis of business model from standpoint of element model is followed by using auction business case in Japan.

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In order to develop the present network continuously, the pricing mechanism which enables fair competition between network providers is required.Game theory shows the common structure in the bottom of the situation which looks various, gives the method of analyzing a strategic decision .This research examines the price setting problem of ISP (Internet service provider) using game theory.The participant (Player) in a game is set to ISP aiming at maximization of profits with the user from whom QoS (Quality of Service) serves as a profit, it computes by the charge to which ISP sets, each use, i.e.,profit, and the optimal solution to is analyzed.

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Today, giant enterprises have appeared from global M & A. On the other hand, it is emphasized that networking of small businesses is more promising.The question is which will be dominant in the 21st century, giant businesses or small business networks. To answer this question, the advantages of the Internet to both big and small businesses were examined. It was concluded that every property of the Internet is more advantageous to small businesses than to big businesses. IT is necessary to combine the value and the use of Internet. We can classify the value into three categories; i.e., customization, innovation and potentiality. Finally, the strategies of small businesses are proposed in these respects.

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Many firms have introduced information systems recently, various problems have occurred. One of these problems is the fitness between information technology and core competence. In introduction process, if information technology does not fit core competence, it may jeopardize company itself. In this paper, using case of South Korean enterprises which purchased ERP, we analyzed relationships between information technology and core competence. Findings appear to suggest three as follows. First, there is fitness between characteristics of ERP system and core competence. Second, in order to make introduction of ERP system successful, core competence must be taken into consideration. Finally, it also becomes clear that CEO's support and user's participation are also indispensable.

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In recent years, the importance of the practical education supposed business is recognized in universities. For this reason the product development is taken as an object of this study, and the purpose of this study is to develop a support system which educates people in the process and methods of product development. This study consisted of 1) making a training scenario, 2) making the form and the example of the submitted report, and 3) developing the subsystems which were used by the training scenario. Furthermore, availability of this developed educational support system was verified in this research. The methods of verification were that 1) some students answered some questions after learning by this system.

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This paper analyzes free texts fromstudent questionnaires.Our ultimate goal is automatic knowledge acquisition for improvinguniversity lectures.We will show that application of Pseudo-Relevance Feedback is usefulfor efficiently grasping students' thoughts.

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Verification of IT policy was performed by the objective technique, which structuralizes and analytic enhancement of IT problem. Consequently, the problem peculiar to S&MEs of reservation of the talented person with the know-how about introduction or adjustment with a customer was drawn. This result attracts attention is not as the policy of a customer company support but as a problem of a vender side. Concrete approach is as follows: 1) Operating frequency of the keyword about IT-ization of S&MEs are determined from DBs such as a magazines, and with the application of these operating frequency to ISM, a problem is structuralized. 2) Concrete solution is investigated by applying the analytical result by ISM to WD.

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MRP / MRP II uses time-bucket in production planning. A time-bucket is commonly a week or a month. Schedule based planning can do real time planning and can integrate production planning and capacity planning. Intuitively speaking, the latter is better than the former. Since it is not trivial to demonstrate that advantage, and since we need a framework to deal with both planning methodologies, this paper provides a way to compare them through simulation with a theory of business process.

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We propose about IIIP.

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For the effectiveness of the organizational knowledge creation discussed in business management, we conducted an experimental study of collaborative knowledge creation, which uses media for externalization, in the cognitive science approach. The focus of our research presentation lies in two points: 1.What are the differences of knowledge creation process between the collaborative and the individual? 2.What environment makes collaborative knowledge creation more effective?

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Environmental problem have appeared close-up as a problem which affect man's existence. It is important that finding information related to environment. In this research, such the actual condition of complicated and various environmental problems can be grasped synthetically. It aims to create the web system that the person whoever gets interested about the environmental problems can use and know information, without being care about time and a place

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This article discusses five traditions, presented by Creswell as an effort to classify qualitative research in the social science. We especially focus our discussion on the difference of these traditions.

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In previous paper one of the authors proposed the way for analyzing the effect of firm's strategy for information disclosure using a repeated game based on the prisoner's dilemma. This article presents the result from the search using selection mechanism for a set of strategies with a lot of variety including three typical ones that were treated in the previous paper. Superior strategy sets are sought from 4096 strategies that are based on TFT(tit-for-tat) strategies in the ordinary prisoner's dilemma. We show that changing the parameter representing the selection pressure gives different strategy sets after selection, and a common pattern can be seen in superior strategy sets.

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As we advance into the new millennium, business enterprises are meeting many drastic changes in their social environment, in order to respond to which, they are trying to change their strategies and organizational structures very hardly. This article proposes a concept of new enabling system for easing the pain and difficulty of this endeavor.

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In this paper, we discuss about the role of secondary education which is transformed with grow of a demand of higher education according to the shift of industrial structure. In the local area, the demand for vocational high schools graduate who have been the core of labor has dropped, because of the decline of industries. On the other side, a ratio of students that go on to the higher school has relatively increased. So we analyzed this fact based on data of job openings, applications and so on. We discuss about relationship between the shift of industrial structure and re-organization of vocational high schools, and we consider about the role of vocational high schools in the local area.

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In this paper, we discuss on usage of mobile phone in daily life of young people. The mobile phone was established as a communication tools. Young users are heavily influenced. We conducted questionnaire survey on the high school student and college student in Honjo Yuri area of Akita Prefecture.

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In this paper, we tried to use social learning dynamics in the introduction process of the TQM practice of Kaizen. We used the social learning dynamics(LD) model constructed by Deguchi (2000). Discussions taken up herein define the proportion of members who understand the essentials of Kaizen compared to the number of members in a target company. For this relationship, we assigned the variable p. We tried to describe the change in variable p by using Deguchi LD formula. We examined various LD cases to determine when solution 1 was unstable and how to stabilize the case problem. We ultimately discovered that the QC diagnosis by top executives could be considered as a useful stabilization parameter within the LD model.

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Strategic alliance, investment and M&A ("strategic relationship", hereinafter) have become popular alternatives for firms to acquire and/or to enhance competitiveness in various industries. Although method to be selected for strategic decision within these options depend on managers' preference, we find the decision are not tied to each managers but much correlated to industry the involved firms belonging. We clarify the above differences taking as example the telecommunication, airlines and pharmaceutical industries and indicate the correlation between the difference and business process commonly understood in each industry. In addition we propose a model setting business process as one of the key component to determine a formation of strategic relationship.

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In this paper, we discuss about how to grasp the effect of "outsourcing." According to the progress of management methods, the business way of outsourcing has been prevailing among companies. To establish the way on business strategy, we have to measure the effect of it. We, however, have not the knowledge about it enough. Then we will try to build the framework to grasp it as the prerequisite condition.

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Most of Japanese companies are very small. Particularly this tendency is very remarkable in local area. So it's very important to know the action of small businesses that support local economy as economic subject. However it has not been enough accurate that what's kind of managerial information needed by small businesses. Before we understand them in case of Akita prefecture, we first study the realities of small businesses and the managerial problem that their manager's having now in Akita prefecture paying attention to managerial information they need in order to solve what's kind of managerial problem.

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For market research, various methods have been developed. Concerning local area, however, it is hardly said that the method is established. Then, in this paper, we will propose a method to extract the local characteristic for market research, and will carry out the case studies.

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