Multiple pyrolytic interactions in the cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin-polyethylene system were thoroughly investigated using a novel approach, which evaluates the pyrolytic interaction impacts through product recovery tests and the in-situ pyrolysate monitoring by evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry. Fast pyrolysis of neat cellulose, xylan, milled wood lignin, beech wood, polyethylene, and their mixtures was conducted at 650 °C using the combined approach. Interactions in the cellulose/polyethylene, xylan/polyethylene, and milled wood lignin/polyethylene systems enhanced the production of CO and C₂-C₃ hydrocarbons, and simultaneously inhibited that of solids such as heavy tar, wax, and coke. Polyethylene worked as a dispersant of biomass upon injection, and the improved gasification was mainly due to the enhanced hydrogen-exchange between hydrogen-rich polyethylene pyrolysates and carbon-centered radicals in vapor phase. The results suggested that pyrolytic interactions in the biomass components (cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin) occur preferentially before contact with polyethylene, and then the beech wood pyrolysates further interact with the polyethylene pyrolysates. Thus, this novel approach allowed advanced evaluation of pyrolytic interactions and can be applied to different combinations and compositions in the cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin-plastic system. It will help understand the nature of co-pyrolysis systems and predict the significance of co-pyrolysis in practical energy and chemical feedstock production.

Co-generation system is installed for District Energy supply systems in many cases, and the economic feasibility is not generally investigated in consideration of its failures, but the impact of failure is not small since Co-generation system usually covers power, heating and cooling supply. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate technological assessment of district energy system with CGS taking into account the failure of CGS. The happening of failure is stochastic process depending on the number of CGS units. An optimization model was employed to minimize the system cost including expected penalty which represents the loss of energy supply due to the failure. The simulation results show that the cost of energy shortage affects a large proportion for annual operation cost. Although failure is generally not considered in case of using high availability equipment, it became clear that the result of the optimal planning with considering the cost balance of annual operation cost if it encounters failure.is changeable on this research. It indicates it is beneficial to consider the probability of failure for the planning of CGS systems.

Anaerobic fermentation technology for methane gas production has been practically use, and it is known that setting of operating conditions according to the raw materials is important. The genus Euglena is studied all over the world for producing useful materials. Commercial production facilities using E. gracilis in the genus Euglena are expected to generate residues in various states. However, anaerobic fermentation characteristics of each are only studied partially. In this study, an anaerobic fermentation test was conducted using slurry, dried cells, degreased dry cells and purified paramylon generated from a commercial production facility of E. gracilis as substrates. The largest gas generation rate was 502.1 ml/g-TS from paramyron, which was 1.75 times that of the slurry. The pH was within 7.2-7.8, and was in a range suitable for methane gas generation. The alkalinity was the lowest in paramylon, 3.7 g-CaCO₃/L, and the highest in degreased dry cells, in the range of 4.3 g-CaCO₃/L. The results suggest that care should be taken when performing long-term anaerobic fermentation.