Gnetum montanum Markgr. (G. montanum) is renowned for its potent medicinal properties and biological activities. Research focused on extracting its active compounds using maceration and Soxhlet extraction methods, with a particular focus on the polyphenol content. The maceration method demonstrated optimal effectiveness, with the highest polyphenol content achieved using 80% ethanol with a raw material/solvent (RM/S) ratio of 1/8 (w/w) and performing the extraction three times, resulting in 4.321 mg resveratrol/g of extract, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The macerated extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 5.23 ± 0.204 µg/mL for DPPH), effectively inhibited Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) with MIC values of 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL, respectively, and demonstrated notable xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 6.15 ± 0.283 µg/mL). The Soxhlet method yielded 4.847 mg resveratrol/g extract and showed strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 11.51 ± 0.403 µg/mL for DPPH) and antibacterial effects, with MIC values of 10 mg/mL and >10 mg/mL against tested bacteria. Experimental formulation of tablets based on the extracts demonstrated that met the disintegration and mass uniformity tests, further validating the potential of G. montanum as a valuable medicinal resource. This study opens up avenues for the development of future health protection products derived from this plant.

The non-ferrous smelting industries have accelerated to expand the processing of recycled materials for carbon neutrality. However, Top Submerged Lance (TSL) furnace, which plays an important role for the metal recycling furnace, consumes large amounts of coal. In order to reduce the use of coal in the near future, biomass fuel as one of the candidates of alternative fuels is expected. In this study the pyrolysis behaviors, using a thermogravimetry, are elucidated for four biomass samples with different compositions of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. As a result, some pyrolysis behavior depended on the biomass compositions. To clarify the influence of biomass compositions, the pyrolysis behaviors for the simulated biomass samples, in which reagents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are adjusted to the same proportions to those in the actual biomass samples, were compared with those for the actual biomass samples. Consequently, the pyrolysis behaviors for the simulated biomass showed similar behavior to those of the actual biomass samples fundamentally. However, the pyrolysis behavior of a unique actual biomass with lump char structure did not fit with that of the simulated biomass.