In the precent paper the author describes the investigations carried out in his laboratory as the following:
I.Incandescent arc lamp
The ordinary tungsten arc lamp hitherto introduced in the market can not be dis pensed with the complicated starting device.
The tungsten incandescent arc lamp here described was invented by the anther with C.Matsuda, and is to be considered as the combination of the low pressure gasfilled in candescent filament lamp and the tungsten arc lamp.
Incandescent filament serves not only as the ordinary incandescent lamp filament, but also as the ioniser of the gas between the tungsten electrodes.Steadifying resistance for the arc is inserted in series or parallel to the filament circuit according to the case may be. Thus in this lamp starting device is not necessary, contrary to the ordinary tungsten arc lamp, and when the lamp is switched on the supply mains, arc is started between the tungsten electrodes just as simply and easily as the ordinary incandescent lamp.Special protecting tungsten shields are provided to the terminals of the lead wires to protect against the bombardment of the ionised gas upon the incandescent filament.
II.Low pressure gas-filled lamp
The principal purpose of the ordinary gas-filled lamp is to reduce the evaporation from the incandescent tungsten filament, so that the lamp can be opered at much higher temperature than the ordinary vacuum incandescent lamp.But the convection loss is hereby introduced due to the filling gas, and it amounts to a comparatively high value. Low pressure gasfilled lamp is thus preferable if the corona discharge can be prevented by some simple means.
To overcome this difficulty and provent the corona discharge, a small conducting wire net or mica plate shield is introduced in the path of the ionised ions between the filament terminals.Thus the net or plate acts as the electrical and mechanical shield protecting against corona discharge and against the bombardment of ions.
III. Semivacuum lamp.
Another low pressure gasfilled lamp, called “Semivacuum lamp” or “Economy lamp”, having a special protecting device against the corona discharge was invented at the Aoyagi Lobaratory.Nitrogen gas being filled at the pressure less than about 50m.m. of mercury.
The nitrogen gas in the bulb is not introduced externally, but produced by the decomposition of a chemical, azide of alkaline earth metals, sealed in the bulb. The laboratory test for this lamp gives the better results compared with the ordinary gasfilled lamp, and its production cost may be reduced compared with the latter.
IV. A new radiation photometer.
The Aoyagi laboratory invented a new photometer to measure radiation, making use of the resistance variation of the two tungsten filaments sealed in the vacuum tube, due to the exposure of the radiant energy under consideration. The above two filaments form the two opposite arms of a Wheatstone bridge. The main advantages of the instrument are that it has great sensibility and no effect of room temperature.
It is convenient to measure and to describe easily the light distribution curve, Rousseau curve, etc. by means of a given simple mechanism.
V. A new radio tube
A new radio tube was invented at the Aoyagi laboratory, which gives a large electron current notwithstanding the small filament current and low filament temperature. The tube contains the vapour of zinc, cadmium or both which increases the activation of the filament.The production cost is much reduced by using the zinc plate or alike instead of the nickel plate.

View full abstract

Author introduces the investigation about the space current studied by the authorities, then from the theoretical stand point, he points out the method of improvement of the theroionic vacuum tube.Next he shows his opinion about the manufacturing the gas-filled lamp in which the space current must be protected.

View full abstract

Die starken Strahlen geben uns die Empfindung der Lichtsehen, im Keratitis phlyctaenulosa besonders ist es sehr deutlich, and man findet im Kakkearnblyopie die Symptome der Lichtschen and Nyctalopie. Der Stabchen-seher wie die Totalfarbenblindheithat auch Nyctalopie.
Die Hemeralopie, die der Nyctalopie entgegensetzt ist, entsteht durch die Herabsetzung der Funktion des Stäbchens.
Die Oguchi'sche Krankheit ist eine angeborene Hemeralopie and die Hauptklage der Retinitis pigmentosa ist auch Hemeralopie.
Aber die idiopathische Hemeralopie, welche durch den Mangel Vitamin A entsteht, ist am häufigsten.
Die Herabsetzung der Farbenempfindung ist Farbenblindheit
Sie angeborene Farbenblindheit sind Rotgriinblindheit and totale Farbenblindheit. Die erworbene sind Blaugelbblindheit and Rotgriinblindheit, jene im allgenleinem durch die Erkrankung der Netzhant and Chorioidea, diese durch die Erkrankung des Sehnervens
Die der Farbenblindheit entgegensetzen den Chromatopsien sind folgenden massen. Xantopsie entsteht durch die Vergiftung des Santonins, Erythropsie sich erregt durch den Schneemarsch, Blausehen entsteht nach der Extraktion des Linse.

View full abstract

Heretofore, as you are aware, exterior illuminations were designed by the point-by point method, which is very laborious. I, in order to remove this bother, have constructed a new system, owing to Mr. P. S. Millar's flux method announced on p.653 of the Trans. I.E.S.in 1910, of which I have had no chance to see its details, I am sorry, but in favor of Mr.Jiro Ohta, chief of our Illuminating Engineering Section, obtained its general idea;and have practicalized it by the cordial help of my staffs, Messrs. M.Taka sbina, member of the StreetLighting Committee, Y.Sugiyama and T.Yamaguti, members of the StationLighting Committee.
Assume a strip of horizontal plane bounded by two parallel lines B apart, as the illuminated plane, as shown in fig.1.Then if many a light source of L lumens be equipped S apart along a line situated at the height of H and parallel to the former two lines, the mean horizontal illumination E can be expressed as follows.
where K (B/H) is the utilization factor, the ratio of the useful flux to L.According to the custom in the streetlighting, let F be “lumens per unit length”, then

View full abstract

The history of photometric standards and unit of luminous intensity both abroad and in our country is summarised.

View full abstract

Author describes the application of photoelectric cell to the commercial testing of large number of lamps and gives various precautions for the accurate measurement and simple treatment at that time.

View full abstract

The anther describes in this paper the results a some experiments on the accuracy of Lurnmer Brodhun photometer and also some care which must be taken when using it.The further states a method of modification to be applied to the results of measurement of colour temperature of coiled filaments in order to obtain the true temperature from the observed colour temperature.

View full abstract

1. The word life of electric incandescent lamps of a certain kind or of a certain specified set, means the average life of all the lamps belonging to the kind or to the set in concern, though the life of an individual lamp may deviate somewhat from the average as the human life varies within a certain range.The frequency distribution of life (Fig.2) of a number of lamps may be considerd as it is almost definite if we take sufficiently large number of lamps in analogy of that of human life (Fig.1) which is almost definite year by year, so the average of all of the lamps may also be considered as almost constant, or more definite than human life since the frequency distribution curve of lamps is more regular than that of human life.
2. The life of lamps is the time of actual burning while the human life is the time from birth to death.
3. The word life was used in several meanings expressing various ideas concerning to life in succcssive periods.

View full abstract

For a given lamp we wish it to have a superior quality, and for a given grouy of lamps we again wish them to be uniform in quality as well as superior.This uniformity in lamp quality is an aim of the lamp engineers and alto a desire of the majority of consumers.
In this paper the author first explains the meaning and criterion of lamp quality and then he relates how the uniformity in quality has been specified in the lamp specifications. And finally he proposes a method that may express most reasonably and accurately the uniformity in quality in which he exp-esses the degrec of uniforniity in pere cent or score.

View full abstract

Next to perfection, it may seem, have been done by Mr. Fujii and many their predecessors, in connection with the treatise on the economical life of incandescent electric lamps of modern practice. The writer, however, proceeds, from every view of point possible, to the further study of choice of the economical size and the influence of the cost of electric lamps thereon, considering their wattage or candle as variables, which in quite on opposite basis to the scrutiny of the economical life, with the assumption of a number of functions connecting the size and efficiency, cost or charge, etc. of electric lamps that conform to the precent standard specifications; the conclusion reveals,
(A) For electric light companies with respect to their flat rate system customers
(1) The lowest economic limit of B lamp is approximately independent of burning hours,
(2) Inversely proportional to the inclination angle to the c.p.axis of the straight line, which. is assumed to be the relation between c.p.and the monthly charge of a B lamp in the flat rate system.
(3) Inversely proportional to the inclination angle to the c.p.axis of the straight line which is assumed, on the logorithimic scale, to he the relation between c.p.and specific consum ption.
(B) For meter system customers,
(1) Inversely proportional to the inclination angle to the c.p.axis of the straight line which is assumed to be the relation between c.p.and cost of B lamps,
(2) Proportional to the constant of the straight line above mentioned.
(3) The same condition holds into that given in case
(A). The practical applications of numericals give, for the both case respectively, 50 cp and 100 watt.

View full abstract

It has hitherto been generally thought that natural light is cheaply obtainable.But Luchiesh has published his famous essay on the “Cost of Daylight”, in which he demonstrates that natural light is not cheap in comparison with artificial light.
Obtaining a hint from Luchiesh's theory, I have made a calculation by applying the comparison to actual buildings in this country.
I began with the Marunouchi Building which is the typical office building in Japan.

View full abstract

The lighting installations for Kabuki Theatre recently equiped are described in details. The author showed especially what kinds of attention should be paid to the lighting effect for Kabuki play. The construction of the stage is greatly different from that for foreign play. The stage measures 27 meters by 31 meters and the turningstage, 18 meters in diameter. For some special play the uniform illumination on the stage is required. For this purposes the border lights are installed with 200 watts lamp in 25 ecntimeter pitch, clean colored and caps of three kinds being used in turn.
The foot-light are installed with 100 watt lamps. Besides special lamps are installed in the various parts of the stage, ceilings, walls, and floor.They can be lowerd underneath the floor when they are not in use.To minimize the shadow effect they can be lifted a little when the some of the actors play on a little higher stage.The dimmers installed are specially designed.Other special lighting installation are equipped.
The electric equipments are also described and electric power required are shown. For emergent stoppage of electric current the storage batteries are installed. (Z.Y.)

View full abstract

The author described the present status of the city planning and lighting installation of the cities, Sendai, Morioka and Hukushima, which situate in the northeastern part of Japan.In the course of the description, the primary principles and chief objects for city planning in general are presented and discussed, and from that point of view he urged in details what should be aimed at to plan the lighting installation (Z.Y.).

View full abstract

This is the description on the course of developement of the electric utilization for domestic uses, the load conditions of consumers etc.accompanied by the actual data and curves based upon the last Lw years'service condition of the Keihan Electric Railway Co., and consists of the following articles:
1.Outline of the development of electric utilization for the domestic service.
2.Supp'y service conditions of the early days.
3.Recieving equipments and outfits cf consumers.
4.Troubles of utensils.
5.Load conditions of consumers and pole transformers.
6.Developoment of the home electricity in the future.
7.Conclusions.

View full abstract

From 15th July to 31st of this year, Illumination Exhibition was held in Nagoya by Commercial Museum of Aiti Prefecture to popularize the knowledge about modern practice illumination and the history of illuminants since ancient times in our country. The gallery was divided into four rooms: (1) modern luminaires, (2) historical illuminant, (3) special methods of illumination and references, (4) practical examples of good illumination.The gallery was illuminated chiefly by the exhibited luminaires for the purpose of letting the visitors know the real feature of the luminaires and their effect to illumination and enjoy the visit with comfort at the same time. It was very interesting to follow the history of old illuminants used by our ancestors, and to know the very rapid progress of the art of illumination at present.About thirty thousand peoples visited the exhi bition during fifteen days, though it was opened at six in the evening and closed at ten.Special lectures were derivered a pamphlet, “Historical Researches of Illumination” was published. (Z.Y.)

View full abstract