This paper describes the analysis for characteristics of the constant wattage ballast for a high pressure mercury lamps, which consists of a saturated leakage transformer and capacitors.
In the analysis and design of leakage transformers, π-type equivalent circuit has been generally used.
But, when the analysis is made using a T-type equivalent circuit, the general theory ofhlicaile for transformers can be adopted as it is.
Authors analysed the constant wattage ballast by applying the T-type equivalent circuit to the leakage transformer the results obtained are as follows.
the leakage transformer are different. The primary leakage fluxes are effective for the maintenance of a nearly constant secondary voltage for a wide change of the primary voltages, but, the secondary leakage fluxes will cause a higher secondary voltage of the leakage transformer, and bring about an excessive magnetic saturation of the secondary core portions.
(2) For reasons mentioned above, the secondary leakage fluxes act as one of the causes that increases the crest factor of the lamp current in the case of using the leakage transformer.

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This paper deals with an analysis of the directional reflectance curve s specified by 2 kinds of independent variables, ie. wavelength and spatial direction.
Generally, these reflectance curves have been analyzed for each of spatial directions successively, and it was suspected that this usual method was ineffective for utilization of informations contained in these observations.
The principle of the present method is based upon the effective combination of principal component analysis and regression analysis, both of which are frequently used in multivariate statistics.
The following effectiveness were confirmed by comparing true, observed and estimated spectral reflectance curves in a model experiment:
(1) There is a possibility to make a useful estimation of physical meanings which might be hidden behind observed raw data.
(2) The estimated spectral reflectance curves by the present method give better fit to the true curves than the raw data.

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