In lighting systems using conventional glow-starters, the life of Lamps is extrmely shortened because a kick voltage is applies to the electrodes while they have not been sufficiently pre-heated, and because the kick voltage itself is higher than that required for starting. The kick voltage applied on electrodes at starting depends upon the discharge characteristics of the glow-starter, and we have found that, with the conventional types of glow-starters, the value of kick voltage can be changed at will by partially modifying the construction. The kick voltage necessary for favorable starting is about 250 V or more, and it has been confirmed that the appropriate kick voltage is less than 600 V for maintaining the consumption of electrodes within a practically reasonable extent.
Furthermore, by using glow-starters dasigned to have a kick voltages of 400 V or so, the consumption of electrodes due to starting is reduced to practically a negleqible order, and it is confirmed that the number of on-off repetition is greatly increased

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The radiation characteristics of diazo copying high pressure mercury vapor lamps and the spectral sensitivity of diazo papers were measured.
For general diazo papers, sensitivity wavelength regions were about 300-440 nm, Maximum sensitivity wavelength was approximately 400 nm, and the absolute sensitivity (exposure energy) at maximum sensitivity wavelength was 0.06-0.08 joule per cm. Effective radiation of high pressure mercury lamp for diazo printings were line specta of 365, 505, and 436 nm.
But the most strong and effective radiation in these three spectra was 365 nm line. The radiation efficiency of mercury lamp depended on certain factors, namely, arc voltage or mercuty vapor pressure, loading or power input per unit arc length, and arc tube diameter.
Systematic experiments were carried out with mercury lamps of 18 types, which had various pressures and tube diameters. Good results were obtained with higher vapor pressure lamps at higher loadings

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