A photon counting process is a stochastic one, which is called a Homogeneous or a Non-homogeneous Poisson process, and the time intervals of transitions of quanta fluctuate with a certain statistical nature.
Consequently, if the time intervals of successive transitions of quanta are small enough, a photon counting system can not respond to these transitions because of its Dead Time.
The dead time causes the distribution of quanta counted in a certain time interval to deviate from that of incident photons. So statistical values evaluated from the counted distribution differ from the true ones.
In this paper, a fundamental analysis of the distribution of the waiting times is made in case that a photon counting system has a dead time which follows an arbitrary probability law. As a result of this analysis, statistical methods have been developed for deriving the distribution of the waiting times of counted quanta and the probability density function of the number of quanta counted in a certain time interval, in terms of the probability distribution of the dead times and that of the inter-arrival times of incident photons.

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Luminance and chromaticity of daylight are varied every minute under influence of a greater or lesser extent by a large number of effects.
The purpose of the present investigation is to make clear the relation between these factors and phases of variance.
The light of the sun is weakened by scattering and absorption as it penetrates the earth's atmosphere. The scattering of the light in the clear sky has two components caused by:
(1) Rayleigh scattering by the air molecules.
(2) Scattering by the aerosol (haze and dust).
The sunlight passing through Rayleigh Atmosphere (in which the molecular scattering only is considered and no absorption) is scattered in order by the air molecules and transmits in all directions in accordance with Rayleigh's phase function.
In this paper, the first scattering light by Rayleigh Atmsphere is estimated.

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