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Volume 48 (1977 - 197･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 315-
- Issue 5 Pages 259-
- Issue 4 Pages 193-
- Issue 3 Pages 125-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 48, Issue 5
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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KENICHI MAEDA1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 259-265
Published: January 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was designed to assess the nature of dimensional dominance, as defined in terms of relative cue similarity, with 128 5- to 6-year-old children. They received either a perceptual pretraining or a control task, then performed a reversal or a non-reversal shift task for which the brightness dimension had either high dominance (BH) or low dominance (BL). The results were that (a) the subjects given BH task learned the reversal shift significantly faster and tended to learn the nonreversal shift more slowly than those given BL task, and (b) dimensional dominance did not interact with type of pretraining. These results were discussed in relation to perceptual and attentional theories of discrimination learning.View full abstractDownload PDF (1437K) -
CHITOSHI ARARAGI1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 266-270
Published: January 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to analyze determinants of person perception in the P-O-X triads under face-to-face (concrete) conditions. 34 subjects were divided into four groups according to the balance schema. The IPA categories and heart rate were employed in order to measure the subject's tension and tension reduction during discussion. Observed frequencies of the cognitive balance structures were used as the measure of balance. The data of the present study lent more support to the agreement mechanism than to the balance mechanism. In conclusion, the mechanism of agreement was a salient determinant in the P-O-X triads under concrete conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (867K) -
YUTAKA HARUKI1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 271-280
Published: January 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the correct and incorrect modeling, the number of observations and the vicarious reinforcements were analyzed. The subjects were the 4th and 5th graders at the primary school and models were female undergraduate students. The task was the discriminative learning of heights. The results showed that the correct modeling was more effective than the incorrect modeling. However, the effectiveness of the incorrect modeling was unclear. As to the number of observations, in the correct modeling eight times was enough to achieve the asymptote, while in the incorrect modeling 16 times was not enough. It was found that the vicarious reinforcements was necessary for observational learning without which the model responses were avoided.View full abstractDownload PDF (1849K) -
EFFECTS OF PROJECTIVE SIZE OF IMAGE ON EYE MOVEMENTS MARIKO TAKEDAMARIKO TAKEDA1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 281-288
Published: January 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the correct and incorrect modeling, the number of observations and the vicarious reinforcements were analyzed. The subjects were the 4th and 5th graders at the primary school and models were female undergraduate students. The task was the discriminative learning of heights. The results showed that the correct modeling was more effective than the incorrect modeling. However, the effectiveness of the incorrect modeling was unclear. As to the number of observations, in the correct modeling eight times was enough to achieve the asymptote, while in the incorrect modeling 16 times was not enough. It was found that the vicarious reinforcements was necessary for observational learning without which the model responses were avoided.View full abstractDownload PDF (1597K) -
NOBUYOSHI FUMOTO1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 289-295
Published: January 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight subjects were given a pursuit tracking task (Exp. I), a continuous task involving the adding of digits (Exp. II), and the Uchida-Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test (Exp. III). Experiments I and II employed distributed practice. Finger Skin Blood Flow (SBF) and Pulse Rate (PR) were measured during the experiments. It was found that SBF was smaller during trials than during intertrial rests, the latter being smaller than rests with eyes closed. SBF was smallest during the first trial (Exp. I & II) or the first minute (Exp. III). PR reversed direction with some differences being observed between the changes in PR and SBF. The results indicate that concentration on a task is reflected better by SBF than by PR.View full abstractDownload PDF (1141K) -
NAOYUKI OSAKA1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 296-302
Published: January 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing flash luminance covering the range between 44 and 94 dB re 10-6cd/m2 in steps of 10 dB units, visual latency (tL) was measured at three different retinal loci: 0°, 20°, and 40° nasal side of the right eye. The tL measured for five subjects decreased as a power function of luminance: As luminance increased, tL decreased and for the higher luminances approached a fixed asymptotic latency of tL. The tL was fitted to the power function of the form, tL-t∞=k•Iβ, where t∞, β, I, and k indicates asymptote, exponent, luminance, and constant, respectively. The exponent β decreased as retinal eccentricity increased, whereas the asymptote t∞ increased as eccentricity increased. Estimated mean β was found to be -.31±.01 in the fovea and -.23±.02 (20°) to -.20±.02 (40°) in the periphery. The differences of the exponent were discussed in relation to the brightness exponent in the fovea and in the periphery.View full abstractDownload PDF (1039K) -
NAOKI YAMAZAKI, KUNIO NIIHAMA, HIROSHI IMADA1977 Volume 48 Issue 5 Pages 303-306
Published: January 20, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRetroactive effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) upon the retention of passive avoidance behavior were studied in rats which received ECS 0, 10, or 100sec after a single trial of passive avoidance training. In a test 24hr later, one of the experimental groups which received ECS immediately after a foot shock (FS), demonstrated as short latencies as ECS-only and no-treatment control groups, showing the evidence of typical retrograde amnesia. Latencies of three experimental groups receiving both FS and ECS related directly to the FS-ECS interval. Test trials repeated for six days resulted in no remarkable change in latencies. The second part of the experiment was run in an active avoidance situation using the same subjects. Results showed no difference among groups, suggesting the implausibility of the presence of proactive interference of FS and/or ECS with subsequent learning.View full abstractDownload PDF (1391K)
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