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Volume 76 (2005 - 200･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 503-
- Issue 5 Pages 417-
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Volume 76, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Junichi Sato2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 203-210
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to construct Jung's Psychological Types Scale (JPTS), and to examine its reliability and validity. First, 87 pairs of items were written, and their content validity examined by two Jungian analysts, who judged 74 pairs of them to be appropriate. In Study 1 542 undergraduates, 245 men and 297 women, responded to the interim scale. Exploratory factor analysis found three factors: extraversion-introversion (E-I), thinking-feeling (T-F), and sensation-intuition (S-N). Results of additional factor analyses indicated that the three factors were almost orthogonal. Then, nine item pairs each for the subscales were selected for the JPTS. The scale had high alpha and test-retest reliability coefficients. In Study 2, concurrent validity of the scale was examined in terms of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Form M. The correlations showed meaningful patterns for concurrent validity. In addition, the scale was evaluated in terms of NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), a five-factor model (FFM) scale. The result showed that the three factors of E-I, T-F, and S-N corresponded to Extraversion (positive), Agreeableness (negative), and Openness (negative) of NEO-FFI, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1069K) -
Yasushi Yoshida, Masasi Hattori, Masaomi Oda2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 211-218
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated the relationship between participants' evaluation of creativiy and characteristics of creative products towards a clear and objective definition of the concept of creativity. Three experiments examined whether the size of “idea search space” in the creative process predicts the score of products in creativity assessments. In Experiment 1, in order to construct an multidimensional scaling (MDS) space which was supposed to correspond to creators' “idea space, ” 20 participants exhaustively evaluated the strength of semantic connection between every pair of 50 (physical) parts of possible creatures. In Experiment 2, 40 participants drew novel extraterrestrial creatures using five out of 50 parts used in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, 20 participants assessed the creativity of each of the 40 drawings from Experiment 2. The results showed that a drawing with a larger idea search space estimated by the MDS score have a tendency to receive a higher creativity score. These results support the framework of idea search space and a possibility of explaining the creativity in terms of this model is suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1287K) -
From the perspective of Passive ConcentrationIkuyo Kondo, Fusako Koshikawa2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 219-226
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to compare the psychological effects of the heaviness and the warmth Standard Exercises (SE) with those of the first Space Exercises (SP) in Autogenic Training (AT) on college students. This study was conducted by the repeated practice of two experimental groups (SE, SP) and one control group (CT). The participants in the experimental groups practiced once a week, for three weeks. All the participants were assessed with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Anxiety (STAI-T), Autogenic Training Clinical Effectiveness Scale (ATCES), and Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale. The results showed that the SE group showed more decreases in STAI-T and more increases in ATCES than the SP group, while the more neurotic, showed more increases in self-esteem in both the SE and SP groups. It is possible that non-clinical adults with high neuroticism might be able to enhance their STAI-T and ATCES in the SE group than in the SP group if their SE trainers respected their bodily abilities in readily responding to changes in sensations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1223K) -
Reliability and validity of the dispositional Hope Scale, Japanese versionTsukasa Kato, C. R. Snyder2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 227-234
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted three studies to translate the Snyder Hope Sales into Japanese, examine reliability and validity of the Japanese version, and investigate the relationship between the tendency to be hopeful and subjective well-being. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analysis was performed of the Hope Scale in the Japanese version: agency and pathways. Its test-retest reliability coefficients for the data from 113 undergraduates ranged from .81 to .84. In Study 2, concurrent validity of the Japanese version Hope Scale was examined with the data from 550 respondents, which looked at the correlations between hope and optimism, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Results suggested that the Japanese version had high validity. In addition, the tendency to be hopeful had negative correlations with stress response, hopelessness, depressive tendency, and trait anxiety, and positive one with feeling of happiness. In Study 3, 175 undergraduates completed the Hope Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) immediately prior to final examinations. Results of regression analysis suggested that the tendency to be hopeful moderated examination anxiety. Taken together, results of the studies supported the hypothesis that hope had positive effects on subjective well-being.View full abstractDownload PDF (1173K) -
The effects of voluntary posting and reliable resultsKazuya Nakayachi, Motoki Watabe2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 235-243
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research examined the effects of providing a monitoring and self sanctioning system, called “hostage posting” in economics, on the improvement of trustworthiness. We conducted two questionnaire-type experiments to compare the trust-improving effects among the three conditions, (a) a voluntary provision of a monitoring and self-sanction system by the manager, (b) an imposed provision, and (c) an achievement of satisfactory management without any types of provisions. Total of 561 undergraduate students participated in the experiments. Results revealed that perceived integrity and competence were improved to almost the same level in both conditions (a) and (c), whereas these were not improved in condition (b). Consistent with our previous research, these results showed that the voluntary hostage posting improved trustworthiness level as well as a good performance did. The estimation of necessity of the system, however, was not different across these conditions. The implications for management practice and directions for future research were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1390K) -
Eriko Sugimori, Masashi Nakanishi, Hidetsugu Komeda, Kohei Tsunemi, Ta ...2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 244-251
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated output-monitoring errors in a modified source-monitoring paradigm. Unlike the traditional paradigm that involves two phases, learning and monitoring, the modified paradigm involves three phases, learning, enactment, and monitoring. Three experiments produced two major findings. First, compared with the traditional paradigm, the modified paradigm produced fewer monitoring errors. Second, performing a dual-task during the enactment phase increased monitoring errors for the items that participants repeatedly enacted during the learning phase. In contrast, performing a dual-task during the learning phase did not influence monitoring errors. It only decreased the number of items that were enacted during the enactment phase. We concluded that monitoring errors are more likely to occur (a) when the modality of items matches between the learning and enactment phases (i. e., items are enacted during both phases), and (b) when a dual-task increases processing demands during the enactment phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1218K) -
Yuichiro Nagano2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 252-259
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of evaluative observation on cardiovascular responses was assessed in 20 female undergraduate students. All participants performed a mental arithmetic (MA) task, and a mirror drawing (MD) task, with or without evaluative observation. Heart rate, blood pressure (BP), admittance plethysmography, and task performance were recorded for each task. Both tasks increased blood pressure, but the hemodynamic response patterns were distinct. The MA task induced enhanced cardiac response, whereas the MD task induced a vascular dominant response. Evaluative observation substantially increased BP during both tasks, but it always enhanced cardiac output and reduced total peripheral resistance. The hemodynamic responses changed significantly from vascular dominant to cardiac dominant, particularly during the MD task. The similarity of responses during evaluative and competitive situations is discussed. The significance of interpersonal factors in psychophysiological studies is emphasized.View full abstractDownload PDF (1348K) -
Kaori Miki, Hirotsugu Yamauchi2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 260-268
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the relations among students' perceptions of classroom goal structures (mastery and performance goal structures), students' achievement goal orientations (mastery, performance, and work-avoidance goals), and learning strategies (deep processing, surface processing and self-handicapping strategies). Participants were 323 5th and 6th grade students in elementary schools. The results from structural equation modeling indicated that perceptions of classroom mastery goal structures were associated with students' mastery goal orientations, which were in turn related positively to the deep processing strategies and academic achievement. Perceptions of classroom performance goal stractures proved associated with work avoidance-goal orientations, which were positively related to the surface processing and self-handicapping strategies. Two types of goal structures had a positive relation with students' performance goal orientations, which had significant positive effects on academic achievement. The results of this study suggest that elementary school students' perceptions of mastery goal structures are related to adaptive patterns of learning more than perceptions of performance goal structures are. The role of perceptions of classroom goal structure in promoting students' goal orientations and learning strategies is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1273K) -
Taeko Ogawa, Hirofumi Saito, Yoshinobu Yanase2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 269-275
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Makoto Kimura, Tohru Taniuchi2005 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 276-281
Published: August 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study examined rats' learning process of three-item series task in a modified Hill maze, using a subset test and a wild card test. In the first phase, four rats were trained with three item series composed of three simultaneously presented barriers (items A, B, C). They learned to get over the barriers in a prescribed order (A-B-C) reliably. In the next phase, three subsets of items (AB, BC, AC) were presented as prove trials. All rats responded to the subsets in a serial order consistent with the original series. In the final phase, rats were trained to produce “wild card” series (W-B-C, A-W-C, A-B-W) in addition to the original series. With training, rats mastered to substitute the wild card item (W) for the omitted original items. These results suggested that rats learned the series without using item association learning or response chaining.View full abstractDownload PDF (680K)
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