All issues
Volume 50 (1979 - 198･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 303-
- Issue 5 Pages 241-
- Issue 4 Pages 183-
- Issue 3 Pages 129-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 50, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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NOBUYOSHI HIRANO1979 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 63-72
Published: July 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were run in order to ascertain the learning set (LS) phenomenon in rats. The task was a series of two-choice pattern discrimination problems in Y-maze and 100 trials were given per problem. In both Experiments I and II, the rats' correct responses gradually increased over ten independent pattern discrimination tasks, thus showing interproblem transfer effect or the LS phenomenon. In Experiment II, there was evidence of extradimensional transfer effect; rats exposed to a series of pattern discrimination problems showed better performance in a subsequent black-white discrimination task. Theoretical discussions of the results were attempted with reference to Harlow's and Reese's theories on LS.View full abstractDownload PDF (2005K) -
TAKAKO AKUTA1979 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 73-81
Published: July 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mother-infant interaction was studied in the mouse by changing the size of litters. Litter size was reduced to either two or eight on the day following parturition, and the behavior of the mothers was observed by the time-sampling technique during the entire lactation period. There was no significant difference in their maternal behavior, (nursing, licking pups, and nest bulding). The mothers of the small litters were less active and spent more time resting than the mothers of the large litters. The offspring were re-grouped at weaning (21 days of age) into groups of two or eight of the same sex, and tested in an open field at nine weeks of age. The pre-weaning litter size and the post-weaning group size affected different aspects of the open-fieldbehavior.View full abstractDownload PDF (1842K) -
ATSUSHI INOUYE, SHOJI SATO, YOKO SATO1979 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 82-88
Published: July 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of children aged four, five and seven were required to make a choice between two rewards which differed in the following four conditions; (a) choice between an immediate-small and a delayed-large rewards, (b) choice between an immediate-large (small) and a delayed-large (small) rewards, (c) choice between an immediate (delayed)-large and an immediate (delayed)-small rewards, and (d) choice between an immediate-large and a delayed-small rewards. The results indicated that the older children chose significantly more delayed-large rewards in the immediate-small vs. delayed-large choice condition, than the younger children and that the children of all age groups used both the amount and the interval differences between the two rewards as helpful cues for their choices.View full abstractDownload PDF (1489K) -
TETSUO TAKIGAWA1979 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 89-96
Published: July 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe direction of feedback in the selection strategy situation has traditionally been out of control. In the present paper, the probability that the selected instance is positive was redefined so as to control the direction of feedback, based on Johnson's non-predetermined solution technique, in terms of the average rate of hits denoted by τ. To evaluate the effectiveness of τ, the effects of three conditions (τ=0, 1/2, 1) upon the strategy-learning process were experimentally examined. The results showed that the selection distributions varied, as the problems proceeded, toward the optimal strategies defined under each value of τ.View full abstractDownload PDF (1454K) -
IKUO NAKAI, YOSHINORI MATSUYAMA1979 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 97-101
Published: July 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA hypothesis was tested that the rate of learning in the rats exposed to inescapable tail shocks is reduced because of learned helplessness. Groups of eight rats were given 64, 48, 32, 16, or 0 inescapable preshocks, and then trained on an escape-avoidance task in a shuttle box for 5 fixed ratio (FR)-1 trials followed by 25 FR-2 trials. The latency for the shuttle response in the FR-2 trials was an increasing function of the number of inescapable preshocks. The findings support the hypothesis based on learned helplessness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1041K) -
RETRIEVAL PROCESSES IN CHINESE-STYLE READING (ON) AND JAPANESE-STYLE READING (KUN)YUKIMASA NOMURA1979 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 101-105
Published: July 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA hypothesis was proposed that the presence of appropriate furigana (phonetic signs) would shorten the search time required for reading a kanji in on (Chinese style) or kun (Japanese style). In a factorial design, a series of kanji were presented without furigana, or with on- or kun-furigana, and subjects (Japanese) were instructed to read each kanji in either on or kun. Both the latency of reading and the probability of correct recall were influenced by the furigana, the instruction on reading style, and the customary reading style of each kanji. The results supported the hypothesis, and further reinforced a theory that Japanese subjects attach a meaning to a Chinese character by reading it in Japanese style at the first sight of the character.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
AN APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE SCALOGRAM ANALYSISTOSHIO UCHIDA1979 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 106-109
Published: July 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose is to find the structure of visual impressions of human face-likeness. The stimuli were 15 outline figures of human faces. Lingoes' Multiple Scalogram Analysis and its modified type were applied to the 0-1 data of face-likeness obtained from 147 student subjects. Results were; (a) a monotonic relationship was seen between the goodness of the impression of face-likeness and the number of components in the human outline face figures, (b) the eye was the most important component for the impression of face-likeness, (c) two series of face-likeness were obtained by Lingoes' MSA, and similar ones were obtained by the modified MSA, (d) one of the two series was correlated with the number of components, while the other with the content of the figures.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
YASUHISA HAMA, HIROSHI MINE, YOSHINORI MATSUYAMA1979 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 110-112
Published: July 20, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to examine the sensory and emotional meaning of sexual words, through the use of reduplication words. The reduplication were made by the pairing and combining of 110 Japanese monosyllables (e.g. momi-momi). Five hundred and sixty-nine reduplications were chosen from 12, 100, through the preliminay experiment, and fifty subjects were asked to evaluate these reduplications, by assigning them to different categories, (seven sensory, and six affective). The results showed that tactual, visual, and proprioceptive sensations were associated with and sexual words.View full abstractDownload PDF (408K) -
1979 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 127
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (29K)
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