Natural disasters pose important risks to Cambodia's predominantly agricultural economy. Effective adaptation is necessary, but robust vulnerability assessments integrating local perceptions and science-based evidence tools must be established first. This study using surveys and interviews conducted in Battambang investigates farmers' perceptions of damage caused by natural disasters. An accompanying time series analysis assesses floods and droughts using four decades of rainfall data and paddy area damage records. Findings indicate that prolonged and frequent droughts most severely affected farmers. Heavy rainfall and high temperatures exacerbated unpredictable flooding and drought and reduced paddy productivity. Farmers anticipate worsening water shortages, adding stress to agricultural productivity and planning. However, time series analysis results revealed no significant long-term trend of flood or drought events. Findings suggest that farmers misperceive the frequency of natural disaster events because of oversensitization to climate change. These misperceptions might stem from several factors: limited span of their memories, often influenced by recent disasters; lack of awareness caused by limited education and inadequate access to reliable disaster information; and low adaptive capacity to cope with such events. Both farmer perceptions and time-series data analyses are subject to bias. Therefore, field survey and interview results must be interpreted cautiously. Future research should incorporate more in-depth analyses using science-based tools and extended time series data to assess natural disaster effects on agriculture comprehensively.