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P. J. Bebeli, P. J. Kaltsikes
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
151-156
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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Two pairs of sister lines of hexaploid triticale (X Triti-cosecale Wittmack) differing by the presence ( + + ) or absence ( - ) of telomerrc heterochromatin on chromosome arms 7 RL (cv. Drira) and 6 RS (cv. Rosner) were used in order to study the effects of telomeric heterochromatin loss on twelve agronomic traits. The following multivariate statistical techniques were used : multivariate analysis of variance, partial correlation, multiple regression analysis and canonical correlation. The loss of telomeric heterochromatin was accompanied by significant changes in the means of the twelve traits as a whole as evidenced by the results of the multivariate analysis of variance and in the regression of yield on the other traits. Many more partial correlation coefficients were changed in the Drira lines than in the Rosner lines ; most coefficients became larger in the Rosner line lacking heterochromatin while the opposite was true in the corresponding Drira line. The traits most affected differed from cultivar to cultivar.
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Masanori Inagaki, Abdul Mujeeb-Kazi
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
157-161
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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Frequencies of polyhaploid production were compared among three hexaploid wheat varieties (2u = 6x = 42, Chinese Spring, Norin 61 and Siete Cerros) pollinated with maize, pearl millet and sorghum lines. All wheat varieties produced embryos in crosses with maize lines at frequencies ranging from 12.6 to 26.8 % . In crosses with pearl millet lines, the embryo formation frequencies were affected by both the wheat varieties and pearl millet lines. In crosses with sorghum lines, the frequencies were highly dependent on the wheat varieties and Siete Cerros produced no embryos. Embryos were obtained from Chinese Spring and Norin 61 in crosses with all lines of maize, pearl millet and sorghum. The embryos from crosses with maize were larger, but developed into plants at lower frequencies than those from crosses with pearl millet and sorghum. Most of the 377 plants cytologically examined were wheat polyhaploids that carried a complement of 3 x = 21 chromosomes. It is inferred that maize-mediated polyhaploid production is more stable than those mediated by pearl millet and sorghum because of less genotypic effects on embryo formation
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Masayuki Murai, Shigetoshi Sato, Kazuo Ise, Yasuo Semihira
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
163-171
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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The effects of the dwarfing genes, i.e. d-12 (yukara dwarf, d-18k (kotaketamanishiki dwarf), d-47 (dee-geo-woo-gen dwarf, and sd-1 at the same locus as d-47, on emergence ability under deep seeding condition were investigated. The following lines were used: Shiokari (one recurrent parent) and its isogenic lines, i.e. d-12 Iine, d-18k line and d-47 line; Taichung 65 (the other recurrent parent) and its isogenic line, i.e. d-47(T65) line; Calrose 76 containing sd-1 and Calrose; and Kotaketamanishiki, the gene source of d-18k and Tamanishiki. The seeding depths were 1, 4 to 7 cm. The final emergence percentages (30 days after seeding) of d-47 Iine and d-18k line were as low as 12.5 and 17.5 %, respectively, whereas those of Shiokari and d-12 line were 82.8 and 42.2 %, respectively. The emergence percentages of d-47(T65) Iine, Calrose 76 and Kotaketama-nishiki at the 6 or 7 cm seeding depth were lower than those of their respective parental cultivars. Coleoptile or in-complete leaf first emerged at the I cm seeding depth in all the 10 Iines.
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Josefina O Narciso, Kazumi Hattori
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
173-177
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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Two types of cell masses namely, green and compact (GC) and white and friable (WF) were initiated from a single, identical callus mass of the mature cotyledon of mungbean strain IPB 22-117 upon subculture. Cryo-SEM examination of these two types of cell masses revealed distinct cell compositions. The GC mass was composed mainly of small, round, closely-packed cells while the WF mass was of the elongated, Ioosely-packed cells. Occasionally, a few big round cells were found among elongated cells. Differential response of the two types of masses in suspension culture was also observed. Of the two, the WF mass gave a fine cell suspension in L6 medium (Kumar et al., 1988). Light microscopic observations of the WF cell suspension under varying periods of culture showed different cell types. When plated, big, round cells generally undergo cell division. Colony formation was not profuse among elongated cells and most of them remained in their original state.
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Seiichi Fukai, Jan de Jong, Wim Rademaker
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
179-184
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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Efficient genetic transformation of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandi/lorum (Ramat.) Kitamura) based on the rapid direct regeneration of stem explants is described. The genotype (cv. 1581), which showed a high regeneration potential with no negative effects from Agrobacterium inoculation, was selected for transformation experiments. Explants were cocultivated for 2 days with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGLO containing the binary vector pMOG 410 carrying the NPT 11 and GUS intron genes. After cocultivation, the explants were placed on selection medium containing 10 mg/l kanamycin. About 10 olo of the inoculated explants produced GUS-positive shoots within 65 days of culture. Higher transformation efficiency based on harvested shoots was obtained when the explants were exposed to higher IAA for 7 days after cocultivation. The presence of T-DNA in the plants has been confirmed by PCR analysis.
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Atsushi Nakamura, Setsuko Komatsu, Bao Sen Xra, Hisashi Hirano
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
185-188
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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The gene locus Glu-1 controlling rice seed protein glutelin α
5a and α
5b subunits has been shown linked to the semidwarfing gene sd-1 on chromosome 1. The sd-1 gene linked to the shattering gene sh-2 with a recombination value of 13.7 %. To determine the location of Glu-1, sd-1 and sh-2 Ioci on chromosome 1, a crossing test was conducted using the semidwarf nearisogenic line SC-2 and tall Japanese cultivar Norin 29 as parents. Recombination values between Glu-1 and sd-1 Ioci, between Glu-1 and sh-2 Ioci, and between sd-1 and sh-2 Ioci were 17.1, 21.2 and 11.4 %, respectively. Based on these values, Glu-1, sd-1 and sh-2 Ioci were estimated to locate in this order on chromosome 1.
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Hiromi Kitabayashi, Akio Ujihara, Tamaki Hirose, Mmeo Minami
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
189-194
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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To make clear the difference among strains and heritability for the rutin content in seed and leaf of tartary buckwheat, sixteen strains introduced from main cultivating countries were grown in 1992 and 1993 with 2-replicated randomized block design. The rutin content in seed and leaf were determined by means of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three main characters were also observed. The seed rutin content was observed from 1, 110 to 1, 950 mg/100 g DW. The leaf rutin content varied between 2, 460 and 3, 610 mglIOO g DW. By the analysis of variance, the significant differences among strains were recognized in the seed and leaf rutin content. The estimated heritability values of the seed rutin content and the leaf rutin content were 0.76 and 0.10, respectively. The heritability of the seed rutin content was as high as that of the days to first flowering. To clarify the effect of individual selection on the rutin content, the parentoffspring correlation analysis for seed rutin content was carried out. The correlation coefficients of the rutin content between the parent individuals and the progeny lines were nearly zero. Therefore, most of the phenotypic variation among the parent individuals was due to the environmental varia-tion. This indicates that enlargement of genetic variation within a strain through crosses between strains or mutagen treatments is necessary for the breeding of the seed rutin content by individual selection in a tartary buckwheat strain. On the other hand, heritability of the leaf rutin content is relatively low in comparison with those of the main characters.
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Masae Sugaya, Masaru Niwa, Kyuya Harada, Takashi Yanagisawa, Wataru Ma ...
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
195-198
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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DNA fingerprints patterns were compared among regenerated plants from root- and leaf-derived calli of horseradish using digoxygenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes for Southern hybridization. Among the seven probes investigated, (GAA)5 produced the clearest banding patterns. Two out of 14 regenerated plants from leaf-derived calli and five out of 12 plants from rootderived calli exhibited clearly different patterns from their mother plants. Except for one, these variant plants in DNA fingerprints could not be distinguished morphologically from their mother plants. Thus, DNA finterprinting is considered a possible means for de-tecting somaclonal variation in horseradish.
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Koji Murai, Kouchiro Tsunewaki
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
199-203
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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Triticum aestivum cv. Norin 26 with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm shows photoperiodsensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS): The alloplasmic line is almost completely male sterile under longday conditions (≥l5 h light period), but highly male fertile under shortday conditions (≤14.5 h). To examine the effects of the Ae. crassa cytoplasm on other wheat cultivars, this cytoplasm was introduced into 17 Japanese wheat cultivars by repeated backcrosses. Among their alloplasmic lines which reached B5 (11 lines) or B4 (six lines) generation, those of nine cultivars showed PCMS caused by the Ae. crassa cytoplasm, while those of other eight cultivars did not. Thus, the former nine cultivars are converted to the PCMS Iines by transfer of the Ae. crassa cytoplasm, and the latter eight cultivars have demonstrated to carry fertilityrestoring (Rf) gene(s) against PCMS. Pedigrees of the Japanese wheat cultivars suggest monophyletic origin of the Rf gene(s).
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Shoji Hatano, Junji Yamaguchi, Nobuhiro Tsutsumi, Atsushi Hirai
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
205-209
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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A new method was developed for preparation of highmolecularweight (HMW) DNA from rice using young or mature leaves as source material. Compared with the ori-ginal method, in which germ' tissues were used as source material (Hatano et al., 1992), the new method is simpler and faster because the procedure for isolation of germ tissues is no longer necessary. Moreover, even if a limited supply of seeds is expected, HMW DNA can be prepared from mature leaves derived from a smaller number of seeds. Therefore, the method is suitable for screening genomes of a number of varieties of rice for analysis by pulsedfield gel electrophoresis. HMW DNA from rice varieties that included nine Japonica cultivars, one Indica cultivar, and one strain of Oryza puuctata, a wild rice was prepared by the newly developed method. Each of the samples was digested with restriction enzymes and fragments were separated by pulsedfield gel electrophoresis. After staining of gels, a microfine banding pattern was visualized over a smeared background in each lane. Each pattern was specific for a specific variety of rice. Furthermore, although similarities were found among the Japonica cultivars tested, few common microbands were observed among the Indica cultivar, the strain of Oryza punctata and the group of Japonica cultivars tested. These observa-tions indicate that a high degree of polymorphism of nuc-lear DNA among rice varieties can be detected by simple staining of gels after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
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Kazuhide Rikiishi, Kazuyoshi Takeda, Shozo Yasuda
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
211-215
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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Differentiation ability of calli derived from mature embryos was surveyed using a total of 269 Iocal barley varieties collected from various countries or regions of the world. Eighty five varieties differentiated roots, though they did not regenerate shoots. The percentages of root differentiation in all tested varieties ranged from O to 100 %, and their average was 10.2 % . Varieties collected from Japan, Korea. China. Nepal, Turkey and North Africa showed a low differentiation ability (1 -5 % ), while those from South-West Asia, Europe and Ethiopia showed a high differentiation ability (13-19 % ).
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kazuyoshi Takeda, Ryoichi Kanatani
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
217-221
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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Recently grains with cracked hull which results in low germinability and low malt extract have been observed in malting barley varieties in Japan. A Iarge varietal variation in the frequency of hull-cracked grains and the mechanism of hull-cracking have been reported so far. In this study the mode of inheritance of the frequency of hull cracked grains was analyzed using a reciprocal diallel cross among eight two-rowed malting barley varieties. Among the parents the frequency of hull-cracked grains was low in Amagi Nijo, Kinuyutaka, Misato Golden and Haruna Nijo, but it was high in Yoshikei 16 and Nittakei 22 (Table 2) . Parents and Fls were grown under five different ripening conditions ie., ( I ) Control, ( ll) Leaf cuting ; all leaves were cut at heading time, (m) Spikelet thin-ning ; 25 % of the total number of spikelets were thin-ned at heading time, (IV) Dry ; plants were grown in a vinylfilm house without irrigation, and (V) Wet ; plants were mistsprayed every two hours in the day-time from heading to harvest. The experiment was re-plicated twice.
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Jiri Wu, Ryoichi Kanatani, Kazuyoshi Takeda
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
223-226
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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Selection response and correlation response of the frequency of hull-cracked grains and the 1, 000-grain weight were investigated for analyzing the mode of inheritance and genetic correlation of the traits. In the first experiment, upper 5% and lower 5 % of the four F
2 populations were selected for the frequency of hull-cracked grains and the selection response was examined in F
3 progenies. In the second experiment, the frequency of hullcracked lgrains and l, OOO-grain weight of 183 F
2 plants from the cross of Nittakei 2Z X Yoshikei 16 were recorded and 183 F
3 Iines were grown to estimate the parent-offspring correlation and regression. In the third experiment, environmental correlation between the frequency of hull-cracked grains and the 1, 000-grain weight was estimated from 50 plants each of Nittakei 2Z and Yoshikei 16. The materials were seeded twice in November and December.
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Satoshi Ando, Saeko Masuda, Chiaki Takahashi, Toshio Shimizu
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
227-228
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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Total-DNA was extracted from each individual belonging to the same variety of alfalfa. The DNA was analyzed by the Southern blot hybridization method using a rice mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clone as a probe. The results of theanalysis of four varieties which indicated the presence of polymorphisms in mtDNA suggested that in the case of alfalfa, there were intravarietal differences in mtDNAs.
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Hiroshi Hasegawa, Osamu Yatou, Masahiko Ichii
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
229-232
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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A rice mutant hypersensitive to chlorate (an analog ion for nitrate), M605, was isolated from the mutant lines derived from a japonica cultivar, Norin 8. In this experiment, three biochemical steps of nitrate assimilation, i.e. nitrate uptake, nitrate reduction and nitrite reduction, were ana-lyzed using M605, Norin 8 and a chlorate hypersensitive indica cultivar, Leuang Tawng. Uptake ability of monova-lent anions including nitrate in M605 and Leuang Tawng was lower than that of Norin 8 except for chlorate uptake in M605. Chlorate uptake from a 200 /1 M potassium chlo-rate solution in M605 was 1.2 fold that in Norin 8. In both seedlings and roots of M605, activities of NADH-NR, NADPH-NR and NiR were similar to those of Norin 8. These results indicate that chlorate hypersensitivity in M605 may be due to the increased level of chlorate uptake. Genetic study showed that chlorate hypersensitivity in M605 was transmitted by polygenic factors. On the other hand, activities of leaf NRs and NiR of Leuang Tawng were twice to three times higher than those of Norin 8. There was no difference in the activities of root NRs and NiR between Leuang Tawng and Norin 8. It was suggested that the chlorate hypersensitivity in Leuang Tawng may be due to the higher activities of leaf NRs and NiR.
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Satoshi Nakai, Daisuke Noda, Masatoshi Kondo, Toru Terachi
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
233-236
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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To clarify the biological and biochemical functions of the mitochondrial orf 522 gene from a cytoplasmic male-sterile line of the sunflower, we cloned the entire orf 522 gene inframe into an expression vector (pMAL-c2) of E. coli to obtain a large amount of protein. However, we observed that E. coli harboring a fusion plasmid with the orf 522 gene failed to produce colonies on plates containing 0.3 mM IPTG, an inducer of the p tac promoter of the plasmid. The growth curve of the E. coli also showed that the growth of the cells harboring the fusion plasmid was drastically sup-pressed immediately after the addition of IPTG to the medium. SDS-PAGE and western blots of E. coli lysate showed that a 62 kDa protein was expressed only in the cells with a fusion plasmid after induction with IPTG. These results indicated that the high-level expression of mitochondrial orf 522 gene from the male-sterile sunflower was lethal to E. coli
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Tetsushi Hidaka, Takaya Moriguchi, Toshiaki Motomura, Shinsaku Katagi, ...
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
237-239
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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A new electrode chamber with concentric circles of electrodes was developed to improve the protoplast fusion efficiency (as determined by rate of formation of binuclear heterokaryons) in Citrus. The new electrode chamber was consistently more efficient than the commercial one. The improved features of the new electrode chamber, including longer electrode and greater sample volume (8 ml ) than those of a commercial chamber, should be very useful in increasing the fusion efficiency of species such as Citrus and its relatives, in which the isolation of viable protoplasts is relatively difficult.
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Minoru Yazawa, Chieko Suginuma, Kanta Ichikawa, Hiroshi Kamada, Tomoya ...
1995 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
241-244
Published: June 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
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In this paper we described the successful development of kiwi fruit transformants from hairy roots induced by A. rhizogenes. Hypocotyls of kiwi fruit seedlings inoculated with a domestic wild strain of A. rhizogenes NIAES 1724 produced two hairy root lines growing vigorously on MS medium without phytohormones. Shoots were easily differentiated from the hairy roots, and gave rise to complete plants. These plants developed shorter internodes, darker wrinkled leaves and displayed active root formation under in vitro conditions. The number of branches increased and miniaturization of leaves was promoted after acclimatization, as compared with the control plants. They were found to be transformants because of the detection of mikimopine in the leaf extracts and the presence of rol genes from Ri plasmid in the plant total DNA. These results suggest that A. rhizogenes NIAES 1724 could be utilized as a vector for transformation studies of kiwi fruit.
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