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Volume 46, Issue 2
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Mitsuru Watanabe, Ken Tokuyasu, Akiko Sato1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 103-105
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe compositions of the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits affecting bread-making quality were analyzed in immature grains of Recital, Palo Duro, Flamura, Pliska, Monopol, and Nanbukomugi using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). While varietal differences were found in the relationship between the maturity of grains and detection of the HMW glutenin subunits, we could determine all of the subunits found in mature grains using immature grains of either of following conditions: (1) on and after 20 days after flowering, and (2) below 55 % of water content in whole grains. In this stage, enough plants were obtained from half grains containing embryos. The results suggest that we can efficiently select breeding materials before maturity by the composition of the HMW glutenin subunits. The selection of breeding materials before maturity is useful for breeding bread-making wheat in the TohokuView full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
Donna Purba, Md Shamsher Ali, Takashi Furutani, Shigehisa Kiyosawa1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 107-115
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo methods were used to identify blast resistance genes in indica -type varieties and isolate the genes found: one was an inoculation of F3 Iines between indica -type and japonica varieties (Suweon 262 x Reimei) with a common fungus strain (Ken 54-20) and a fungus strain having many virulence genes (AO 14-20) and selection of F3 Iines showing different reactions to the two fungus strains, and the other was selection of F3 Iines showing a 3 : I segregation ratio in the hybrid (Norin 29 x Hokuriku 129 and Norin 22 x sifeng 43) for Ken 54-20. The former method was used to identify and to select the resistance gene brokendown by Ao 14-20 having several number of virulence genes. The latter was to identify and isolate all major genes included in the resistant variety. It was demon-strated that Suweon 262 had Pi-i and an unidentified major gene and at least a minor one, and Hokuriku 129 had two major genes, Pi-i and Pi-b : Sifeng 43 had one major gene Pi-b and at least one minor gene. Minor genes dis-turbed the isolation of major genes in cross combinations of Suweon 262 x Reimei and Norin 29 x Hokuriku 129. It was considered that Hokuriku 129 is heterogeneous at least for Pi-i and Pi-b.View full abstractDownload PDF (1170K) -
Yukio Kaneko, Tomohide Natsuaki, Sang Woo Bang, Yasuo Matsuzawa1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 117-124
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTuMV resistance in seven types of monosomic addition Introduction lines of radish with kale chromosomes (a - g t, ypes, 2n = 19, B5) was surveyed by scoring the symptoms after the mechanical inoculation. The level of the resistance was also evaluated by ELISA in five f-type addition lirLes (B7, B8, B1F1 and B2F1) obtained by crossing f-type plants (2n=19, B5) with five radish cultivars. Among the seven types of monosomic addition lines, the f-type line rarely showed de-tectable symptoms. The scores of the symptoms were 0.1 in f-type line, 1.6 to 2.7 in the revertants (2n=18) and 2.4 in the radrsh cultrvar 'Shogoin', respectively. The f-type plants in the subsequent generation (B6) derived from the f-type addition lines by backcrossing with the radish cultivar (Shogoin' gave a score close to that of the f-type plants (B5). These results suggest that the gene (s) for TuMV resistance may be located on the added f-chromosome of kale and that this trait was transmitted dominantly to the next generation along with the transmission of the f-chromo-someView full abstractDownload PDF (1721K) -
Edward A. Barlaan, Masahiko Ichii1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 125-131
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRandomly selected rice cultivars were analyzed in vitro for nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA) and nitrate content. Significant differences among cultivars and six varietal groups were obtained in NADH-NRA, NADPH-NRA, NiRA and nitrate content. While there were significant differences among cultivars within group in NRA and NiRA for some groups, none was observed in nitrate content. Three-fold differences in NADH-NRA and NiRA were found among rice genotypes. Rice cultivars could be classified into high, moderate and low NRA categories based on NADH-NRA. Since NRA expresses the ability of the plants to utilize nitrate, results would indicate that some cultivars and varietal groups had good nitrate assimilatory ability as exhibited by higher NRA. Cultivars with high NRA were identified.View full abstractDownload PDF (914K) -
Satoshi Harada, Kengo Nakata, Hiroshi Tanaka, Yukio Ishiguro, Toru Ito ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 133-136
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe established a PCR-based method for identifying the root-knot nematode resistant trait in tomato. We synthe-sized primers encompassing the first intron of acid phosphatase-11 gene (ApS -11), which is tightly linked to the resistant trait, and performed a PCR analysis with genomic DNAS of both resistant (ApS -11, wild type allele) and susceptible cultivars (ApS -1+ cultivar allele). A clear polymorphism was detected by digesting the products with several restriction enzymes. Comparing sequences of the first intron region, we found several point mutations and a 12bp-long deletion (insertion). By the PCR analysis using primers encompassing the deletion region, we could detect a clear polymorphism without restriction digestions.View full abstractDownload PDF (725K) -
Yoshiro Mano, Hidekazu Takahashi, Kazuhiro Sato, Kazuyoshi Takeda1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 137-142
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe quantitative trait loci (QTLS) controlling callus growth and subsequent shoot regeneration were identified by 222 markers in doubled haploid (DH) Iines derived from the cross between Steptoe X Morex in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The DH Iines showed a wide and continuous variation in these two tissue culture traits, and the trans-gressive segregation was observed for the shoot regeneration rate among the DH lines. The interval mapping analysis revealed that callus growth and shoot regeneration ability were controlled by multiple genes and the position of individual genes was different each other. Morex contributed two QTLS for callus growth tentatively named Qcg 1 and Qcg 2. Steptoe contributed three QTLS for shoot regeneration named Qsr 1. Qsr 2, and Qsr 3, while Morex contributed a QTL for shoot regeneration named Qsr 4. In the multiple genic model, two QTLS for callus growth and four QTLS for shoot regeneration accounted for 47.8 % and 49.8 % of the total variation in the population, respectively. These findings indicated that lines with high regeneration ability could be selected by pyramiding the multiple genes controlling high regeneration ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (1238K) -
Yukino Ochiai1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 143-148
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetailed analysis of tillering in foxtail millet (Setaria italica P. Beauv.) was carried out. The tiller development in 16 strains was observed throughout the growing season. Strains were classified into four tillering types, Type I, Type II, Type 111 and Type IV. Type I strains had the largest number of tillers with many primary tillers on the main culm, and further secondary and tertiary tillers. This tillering pattern is very similar to that of green foxtail (S. viridis P. Beauv.), the probable ancestor of foxtail millet. Strains of Type 11 produced only one or two primary tillers and no secondary tillers. Type 111 strains were non-tiller-ing and produced only one panicle on the main culm. It is supposed that Type I, which having high tillering capacity, was the first type domesticated from green foxtail. Types II and 111 subsequently differentiated from Type I by obtain-ing strong apical dominance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1608K) -
Yukikazu Kuranuki, Shizuo Yoshida1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 149-154
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs important genetic resources, orthodox seeds from most herbaceous plant species can be usually cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen after desiccation. Recalcitrant seeds from some subtropical woody species, such as tea plants, however, are not feasible to cryopreserve, primarily due to the high moisture level and sensitivity to desiccation. Upon desiccation of tea whole seeds to moisture level below 50 % (dry weight basis), viability declines abruptly. TO elucidate the mechanism of the recalcitrance of tea seeds, we ex-amined sensitivity of embryonic axes and cotyledons to des-iccation and to subsequent cryoexposure using a Japanese cultivar, Yabukita. The excised embryonic axes were highly tolerant to desiccation, whereas cotyledons were highly susceptible to desiccation, suffering serious damage upon reduction of moisture level below 55 %.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Shaikh Mizanur Rahman, Yutaka Takagi, Toshihiro Kumamaru1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 155-158
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReduction of linolenic acid content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil is associated with improved odor and flavor characteristics. The mutant M-5 and line IL-8 used in this study were identified with linolenic acid contents (4.63 % and 4.50 %, respectively) half that of Bay (8.02 %), but similar to that of C1640 (4.58 %). The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of low linolenic acid content in IL-8, and to determine the genetic relationships among alleles controlling linolenic acid in M-5, IL-8 and C1640. Reciprocal crosses were made among M-5, C1640, IL-8, and Bay. The F2 segregation ratio and the segregation of F3 seeds from F2 plants of M-5×Bay, C1640×Bay, and IL-8×Bay indicated that M-5, C1640, and IL-8 have alleles at a single locus. The F2 plants from the crosses of M-5×IL-8, M-5×C1640, and C1640×IL-8, did not transgressively segregate indicating the low linolenic acid contents in M-5, IL-8, and C1640 were controlled by the same alleles. Therefore, the alleles in M-5, IL-8, and C1640 have been designated fan (M-5), fan (IL-8), and fan (C1640), respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Genetic Diversity and Subspecies Differentiation in Local Rice Cultivars from Manipur State of IndiaChukichi Kaneda, Masato Umikawa, M Rohinikumar Smgh, Chiharu Nakamura, ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 159-166
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Manipur State of India is considered as a part of the center of diversity of Asian rice. To obtain information on the genetic diversity and subspecies differentiation in local rice cultivars from the area, a survey was made of selected morphological and physiological traits, chloroplast DNA (CtDNA) type, and total genomic DNA polymorphism. Judging from the discriminant score z, 32 out of 48 tested local cultivars were classified into indica, 5 into japonica, and 11 intermediate. An analysis of ORFIOO of CtDNA by PCR identified 29 cultivars as deletion type (indica ), and 22 as non-deletion type Japonica ). Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis revealed a high degree of polymorphism in the 51 cultivars, and 4 major clusters were recognized in a dendrogram constructed by UPGMA: 29 cultivars formed a cluster with typical indica standardsView full abstractDownload PDF (1505K) -
Jranmm Wan, Hiroshi Ikehashi1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 167-172
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSemi-sterile panicles found in inter-subspecific hybrids between Indica and Japonica rice are caused by partial abortion of gamete having S-5j on heterozygote S-5ilS-5j at the locus S-5 on chromosome 6, where a neutral allele S-5" is also identified and the genotype of S-5n /S-5i and S-5nIS-5j do not show hybrid sterility. Similar allelic in-teractions were also identified at some other loci including S-7. We report here two cases of mutant alleles at such hybrid sterility loci. First, the semi-sterility in hybrids be-tween Toyonishiki and an Indica tester IR 36 was found to be caused only by an allelic interaction of S-5 i IS-5j . When Miyukimochi, which is an irradiated mutant from Toyonishiki was tested, the semisterility in F1 hybrids between Miyukimochi and IR 36 was attributed to allelic interactions by both S-5i IS-5j and S-7iIS-7j . Toyonishiki was found to possess a neutral allele S-7n at S-7. Thus, the neutral allele S-7n in Toyonishiki was found to be mutated into S-7j by irradiation with 60Co. Second, an experimental line, 02428 was tested, which possesses the wide compatible allele,View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
Toji Yoshioka, Hiroshi Suge1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 173-178
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeed fertility and endogenous gibberellin contents as affected by cooling treatment at 15/10°C, day/night temperature for 10 days, were examined in two rice cul-tivars Somewake and Sasanishiki which had different tolerance to cool-weather damage. Cooling treatments were given at different developmental stages of ears which classified by their length between auricle of flag leaf and that of second leaf from the flag leaf. Within the range of this experiment, the earlier the stage of ear development at the cooling treatment, the lower the seed fertility was found in both cultivars, although the seed fertility in Sasanishiki was much lower than that in Somewake (Fig. 1). Contents of endogenous gibberellins were decreased by cooling treatment in both cultivars (Table 1). Howev-er, the rate of decreasing compared to the non-cooling control plants was greater in Somewake than that of Sasanishiki indicating that percentage of remaining en-dogenous gibberellins was greater in Sasanishiki than in Somewake after the cooling treatment (Fig. 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (922K) -
Taiichi Ogawa, Hiroyuki Fukuoka, Yasunobu Ohkawa1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 179-184
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of changes in medium composition on callus proliferation vvere examined in five varieties including Koshihikari and Norin No. 1, which could not be easily handled in cell culture. Calluses were induced from mature embryos and were transferred into liquid media with various compositions. Sucrose concentration affected differences ingrowth rates among the calluses from the five varieties. The differences in growth rates were smaller at a concentration of 0.375 % sucrose in any of the four media Tvit.h various compositions of nitrogen sources than at a concen-tration of 3 % sucrose. Reduced nitrogen ssource alsoaffected the varietal differences in growth rates. At a concentration of 0.375 % sucrose, the growth rates of the Koshihikari and Norin No. I calluses were lower than those of the calluses from other varieties in the media con-taining 20 mM potassium nitrate (KN03), 20 mM KNO3 and 2.5 mM ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2S04) or 20 mM KN03 and 5mM glutamine as nitrogen source, while thegroTvth rates of the Koshihikari and Norin No. I caluses were almost identical With those of the calluses from othe varieties in the medium containing 2O mM KNO3 and 5 mM alanine. In the nex. t experiment, changes in the medium pH, which were induced by the growth of the calluses, were monitored at a concentration of 0.375 % sucrose during the culture period and were compared between Nipponbare and Koshihikari.View full abstractDownload PDF (1541K) -
Tsuguhiro Hoshino, Seiji Ito, Kouchi Hatta, Toshik Nakamura, Makoto Ya ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 185-188
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWaxy wheat cultivar with no amylose in endosperm starch has never been reported. We tried to develop waxy wheat cultivar based on a combination of partial waxy mutants lacking one and two of the three proteins by haploid method of breeding in order to raise fixed lines in a short period. We used two common wheats, Kanto 107' Iacking both the Wx-AI and Wx-BI proteins, and Bai Huo, lack-ing the Wx-DI protein. Out of 19 doubled haploid (DH) plants, 2 plants were identified as waxy genotype by iodine solution reaction and amylose content. Electrophoretic analysis did not detect the Wx protein in these waxy phenotypes. The x2 test among seeds (, glassy + fnoury seeds) collected at random for inheritance of the waxy character at F2 generation, indicated that the observed frequency was not significantly different from the expected 63:1 seregation ratio. In 1000 floury F2 seeds, however, the x2 test indicated that this frequency was significantly different from the expected 63:1 segregation ratio. Namely, waxy seeds were observed more than the expected segregation ratio in floury F2 seeds. One (C-D 1478) of two waxy wheats was similar to the male parent, 'Bai Huo' except the culm length, while the other (C-D 1479) was similar to the female parent, 'Kanto 107'.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K)
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