1999年（平成11年）改訂の小・中・高等学校の体育・保健体育の学習指導要領1）2）3）では，「集団行動の指導は，運動の特性との関連において適切に行う」こととしている．すなわち，集団行動の時間を特別に設けて指導するのではなく，各運動領域の運動の特性に応じて適切に指導するとか，あるいは特別活動の学校行事等の機会に集団指導を行うこととしている． 　学校における集団行動とは，集合，整とん，列の増減などの行動をいい，その行動の仕方は色々な機会をとらえて指導しようとするものである． 　児童生徒の集団を集合させたら，先ず最初に発する号令は「気をつけ」であり，「気をつけ」の姿勢を指導するであろう．一方，社会人になって「気をつけ」の号令を受けることは全く無いといってよい．しかしながら学校において教師は，極めて普通に，何の戸惑いや抵抗もなく「気をつけ」という号令を発し，児童生徒はその号令を受けている． 　この度，日本における「気をつけ」号令と「気をつけ」姿勢にこだわって，その歴史を若干の資料からたどってみたいと思う．

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Type A behavior pattern (Type A) is well-known as a factor adversely affecting physical and psychological symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between Type A and symptoms, along with a mediating role of psychological stress which also has adverse effects on symptoms. Subjects were 243 college students (mean age 18.7 yrs), 91 women and 152 men. The subjects completed the Bortner's Type A behavior questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale for assessing psychological stress, and three subscales of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for assessing somatization, depression, and anxiety. Results of path analyses which controlled for age and gender confirmed that Type A has direct and indirect adverse effects on physical and psychological symptoms. It was found that Type A directly affected somatization and anxiety. In addition, Type A had indirect effects on somatization and anxiety, mediated by psychological stress; that is, Type A increased psychological stress, which in turn influenced somatization and anxiety. Moreover, it was found that relationships between Type A and depression were perfectly mediated by psychological stress. In other words, there was no direct effect of Type A on depression.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of aerobic exercise at self-selected (SS) intensity. METHODS: Nine healthy male volunteers (24.4 ± 1.7, mean ± SD) completed two 20-min cycling exercise trials using SS intensity method. Relative work rate and maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max), heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) of the two trials were compared. State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and mood check list (MCL-3) scores were also measured before and after the trials. RESULTS: There were significant correlations in RPE (r = 0.81) and %VO2max (r = 0.74) between the trials. Although STAI score remained unchanged,“pleasantness”and“satisfaction”subscales of MCL-3 scores improved significantly following each trial. There were also significant correlations in change values for“pleasantness”(r = 0.75) and“satisfaction”(r = 0.68) between the trials. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that aerobic exercise at SS intensity is reproducible in terms of physiological and psychological parameters.

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In this study, we surveyed 1,267 school children aged 10 to 14 years on anemia and the related factors. This study was a population-based study（Goshiki Health Study）on health in childhood in a rural district of Japan. 　The results of the survey shows that the boys with low hemoglobin show lower levels of serum triglyceride, protein, albumin, uric acid and blood glucose and show lower nutritional intake than the other boys. The boys with low hemoglobin also show have lower level physical fitness and sexual maturation, and a significantly higher frequency of a conscious supplication. Similar results were observed in girls, but the difference between two groups was small when compared with boys. 　The results shows that it is necessary to consider anemia as the background factor when boys show lower growth and sexual maturation, or have lower level physical fitness, or have a significantly higher frequency of a conscious supplication. The results also show that it is important in girls to check anemia by the blood test, because it does not appear as a clear symptom.

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We investigated the situation of blood donation behavior and attitude toward blood donation in 426 university students. It was observed that samples had little concern for blood donation and the negative images popularly. For a factor analysis in attitude of the blood donation, it was revealed ten factors that were "a pain and fear for blood donation", "a tendency to evasion to blood donation", "contribution to society of blood donation", "physical condition defectiveness of oneself", "an image that blood donation "is to be good",“the badness of an image for blood donation”, “a medical examination of oneself", "a feeling of waste in time", "a dangerous image for blood donation", "influence of the mass media" as the obstructive factors for blood donation. 　One of the factors, "Indifference to blood donation" contributed strongly to blood donation behaviors as a result of the multiple regression analysis. 　It was indicated that improvement of promotion for recruitment of blood donation was important.

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