[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of standing stepping, standing rest, and sitting rest that can be practiced during half-time during actual competition, and to examine effective ways of spending in the subsequent sprint performance. [Method] The subjects were 14 male university students. First, using the Yo-Yo test, a certain amount of exercise was applied, and three trials of standing stepping, standing rest, and sitting rest were randomly performed for 10 minutes. After that, as a performance test, the time of 20m sprint was measured. Heart rate was measured continuously at all times, and blood lactate level and subjective exercise intensity were measured at rest, immediately after exercise, and 3, 6 and 9 minutes after the end of exercise. [Results] The 20m sprint time of sitting rest and RPE were significantly lower than those of standing rest. The heart rate of sitting rest was significantly lower than that of standing stepping and standing rest. There was no significant difference in blood lactate levels between the three trials. [Conclusion] It was suggested that sitting rest may be recommended as an effective way to spend half-time in high-intensity intermittent sports.

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　No hypotheses on physical fitness and motor ability in obesity have been clearly proven. Certainly, several studies have been reported, but none have gone beyond speculation. That is, the amount of data that should be statistically guaranteed in obese people has not been ensured. In this study, we applied the wavelet interpolation model to the secular trends in physique, physical fitness and motor ability obtained in a large-scale study over seven years from a physical fitness improvement action plan in City O, and constructed an annual span evaluation chart. The heights and physical fitness and motor ability of severely obese boys and girls in the fifth grade of elementary school, judged from a BMI aging span evaluation chart proposed by Fujii (2018), were applied to this evaluation chart. As a result, in evaluations of physical fitness and motor ability in severely obese fifth grade students, clear determinations, not conjectures, of “somewhat inferior” or “inferior” were derived for items other than grip strength and sit and reach. Thus, we propose that this study was able to establish a physical fitness and motor ability evaluation for severely obese boys and girls in the fifth grade of elementary school.

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　This study aimed to clarify the developmental tendency of extended arm hanging in early childhood. The subjects were 2,225 male and female children aged 3-6 years. We investigated extended arm hanging and seven items of physical fitness to compare age-related changes. Thus, the following results regarding the ability of passive muscular endurance to extend arm hanging were elucidated: (1) the median value of the extended arm hanging was lower than the average value was; (2) the coefficient of variation of the extended arm hanging was smaller than that of other athletic abilities was with aging; (3) the development of extended arm hanging was significant only at 3.5 and 4 years of age; (4) extended arm hanging was found to be polarized with age; (5) the record of extended arm hanging was not related to physique; and (6) the record of extended arm hanging for girls tended to be higher than that for boys did.

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　This study investigated the jumping ability of aerobic gymnastics athletes in the World Age Group. The relationship between physical characteristics and rebound jump index (RJ-index), jump height, and ground time was examined using in-situ upward rebound jumps in athletes aged 12 to 17 years, including those who participate in international competitions. The results showed that although both height and weight grew over time, many of the athletes were smaller than the growth curve standards of the cross-sectional standard height and weight curves (2000 edition). In the rebound jumps, when compared to the U20 Olympic development athletes female junior middle distance (800m) athletes, the age division group (12-14 years) had lower values for all items, and the age junior division group (15-17 years) had no difference in the RJ-index, indicating that jumps with shorter ground contact times were being made.

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　The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the “The project to improve physical fitness(ikiru-chikara-wo-hagukumu-project)”, which has been conducted in Motosu City, Gifu Prefecture since 2017, over a five-year period. The subjects were young children enrolled in eight public kindergartens. A two-way analysis of variance (academic year × sex) was applied to examine changes in physical fitness between 2017 and 2021. We obtained the following findings. (1) The basic motor skills of young children in Motosu City have increased dramatically as a result of this project and have maintained a high level especially after the first two years of the project. (2) Although the level of physical fitness of elementary and junior high school students in 2020-2021 will be significantly lower than ever before due to the effects of COVID-19 in Japan, the physical fitness of young children in Motosu City remains high and unaffected by COVID-19. (3) The average of young children in Motosu City is approaching the level of first graders, ensuring adequate development. Therefore, it can be considered that both the mind and social skills have increased since the start of the project. From these results, it can be inferred that this project has had a significant impact on the physical and mental development of young children.

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