高圧力の科学と技術

小特集―超伝導と高圧力―

毛利信男

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 179
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.179

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理論

高田康民

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 180-186
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.180

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A review is given for the development of theories for superconductivity in order to give a proper perspective for the theory to clarify the mechanism of high-T_c superconductivity in copper oxides. A preliminary result for the doped fullerenes is also mentioned.

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Nb₃Sn超電導線へのHIP処理の効果

嶋田雅生

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 187-192
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.187

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Nb₃Sn in the form of practical superconductors has been avilable for years. At present, the principal techniques employed are bronze and internal tin processes. Nb₃Sn has exhibited high performance at high magnetic field. Porosity in the Nb₃Sn superconductors is often observed after the reaction treatment and can be detrimental to the mechanical and electrical properties. Voids, probably due to the Kirkendall effect, could be annihilated by heating under high pressure. Therefore, the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) could improve the properties. The author reviewed the effects of HIPping on the porosity and the critical current of Nb₃Sn superconductor produced both by the bronze process and internal tin processes.

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高温超電導と高圧力

腰塚直己

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 193-199
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.193

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The applications of high pressure to high - T_c oxide superconductors are reviewed. High pressure is very powewful for synthesizing of new materials and understanding of the physical properties. Studies of HIP treatment on Y124 and high pressure synthesis of “infinite - layer” materials are introduced. Pressure dependence of both T_c and Hall coefficients of the material are discussed in relation with carrier doping effects on the physical properties.

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超高圧と超伝導

毛利信男

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 200-205
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.200

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In this review, we take briefly a historical survey of the high pressure techniqes which have been used in the research for superconductivity and then report some experimental results of the pressure effect on the superconducting transition temperature in various superconducting materials.

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有機超伝導材料

物性理解への圧力効果研究の役割

村田惠三

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 206-211
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.206

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It is reviewed that how the high pressure technique and physics have played an essential role for the development of the field of the organic superconductors. It is described historically from TTF - TCNQ through TMTSF to BEDT - TTF salts making emphasis on how discoveries have been guided. Pressure apparatus of the author for this research is also presented.

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超電導技術の展望と将来

前田弘

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 212-219
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.212

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Superconductivity is being widely applied in advanced technology programs, such as nuclear fusion reactor, superconducting power generators and energy storage, MRI - diagnosis, and magnetically levitated vehicles. High performance multifilamentary wires such as NbTi, (Nb, Ti) ₃Sn, V₃Ga and Nb₃Al are being developed. High - T_c superconducting materials such as YBaCuO, BiSrCaCuO, and TlBaCaCuO have attracted a great interest in regard to the basic properties and potential applications in liquid nitrogen. Even though many problems still remain to be solved, remarkable progress is being achieved and some new applications are being offered. The development of the high - T_c materials will lead to a complete reassessment of superconducting technologies.

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超電導の新しい応用

微生物の代謝と高磁場

正田誠

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 220-225
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.220

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Extensive studies on the effect of a low intensity magnetic field on microbial activity have been reported. However, they are often controversial; the magentic fields are accelerative on the growth, or inhibitory, or noneffective. The inconsistency of the results is mainly because the experimental conditions were improperly controlled and well characterized microbial strains were not used. Following the invention of superconductive materials, high magnetic fields produced by superconductive magnets will be applicable to various microbial reaction control. In this paper, a super high magetic field of 11. 7 tesla (T) was imposed on the auxotrophic bacteria of Escherichia coli and the effect of the magnetic field was investigated under various nutritional and temperature conditions. The 11. 7 T was also imposed on E. coli where the bacteriophage lambda was lysogenic and carries a temperature-sensitive mutation in the phage repressor gene. The transition from lysogenic to lytic process was investigated. A new bioreactor which was operated under 7 T superconductive magnetic field was introduced.

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超伝導物質の衝撃圧力効果

庄野安彦

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 226-231
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.226

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Shock loading effects on various superconducting materials, placing emphasis on high T_c oxides, are summarized. Synthesis of superconductors via shock-induced phase transitions and chemical reactions, shock compaction of powder materials for fabrication of bulk superconductors, and shock deformation via defects and dislocations have been discussed. Shock loading effects and subsequent annealing effects on superconducting critical temperatures and flux pinning energy of high T_c oxides are elucidated.

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高圧下における電解質溶液の電気伝導度

上野正勝

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 232-239
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.232

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The electric conductivities of electrolyte solutions under high pressure are reviewed. First, the measurements of conductivity and transference number under high pressure are described briefly. Second, the interpretation of ionic conductivities in water in terms of the Walden product and the residual friction coefficient is presented. Finally, the pressure and isotope effects on the excess proton conductivity are discussed based on the Conway model.

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高圧水の動的利用

ウォータージェット技術の進歩

幾世橋広

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 240-248
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.240

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The utilization of the energy of a supersonic water jet outflowing from a small-diameter hole under high pressure makes a progressive advance in material cutting. The history of the high pressure water jet technology applied to many fields as well as mechanical engineering has been surveyed briefly, and recent investigations and progress in the technology have been reviewed by classifying the technology into nine jets under cutting mechanism.

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高圧機器の破損と破壊

西原正夫

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 249-253
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.249

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Failure and fracture of high pressure apparatus result in occasionally the most dangerous accidents in laboratory and manufacturing plant. Elastic failure, bursting, brittle fracture and fatigue fracture are briefly reviewed.

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ダイヤモンドアンビルを用いた赤外吸収測定の基礎技術

青木勝敏

1993 年 2 巻 3 号 p. 254-255
発行日: 1993/08/20
公開日: 2009/08/07

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.2.254

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Diamond-anvil-cell is a very powerful device for studing pressure-induced phase transition and chemical reaction by spectroscopy such as Raman scattering and IR absorption. Very thin diamond anvils and pressure transmitting mediums used for IR measurement are described.

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